ngilizce

Akademik Yayn
Hazrlama Eitimi

Prof. Dr. zgr Bar Akan
Gelecek Nesil ve Kablosuz Haberleme Laboratuvar (NWCL)
Elektrik Elektronik Mhendislii Blm, Ko niversitesi
BA14 http://home.ku.edu.tr/~akan akan@ku.edu.tr 14 Mart 2014 Cuma
Prof. Dr. zgr Bar Akan
Director, Next-generation and Wireless Communications Laboratory (NWCL)
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ko University
Associate Director, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ko University
Adjunct Professor, Turkish Air Force Academy, Istanbul
Research Adjunct Professor, Universitat Politecnica Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain

q PhD: Georgia Institute of Technology (2004) (School of Electrical and Computer Engineering)
q Received PhD in ~2 years, Associate Professor title in ~2 years, youngest Full Professor (in telecom)

q Some Awards: Science Academy BAGEP 2014, Kadir Has Young Scientist Award 2014, Outstanding Faculty Award 2012,
Ko University, IBM SUR Award 2011, IEEE ComSoc Outstanding Young Researcher Award 2010, IBM Faculty Award
(2010, 2008), TBA GEBP Award 2008

q Some Activities:
q Editor, IEEE Trans. on Communications, IEEE Trans. On Vehicular Technology, Nano Communication Networks
Journal (Elsevier), International Journal of Communication Systems, European Transactions on
Telecommunications, ACM/Springer Wireless Networks, Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier), ..
q IEEE Communications Society Distinguished Lecturer (2011-2012)
q General Co-Chair, IEEE INFOCOM 2017, IEEE MoNaCom 2012, ACM MobiCom 2012,
q IEEE Senior Member (2007)
q Key Figures:
q # of papers ( journals / chapters / conferences / under review): 65 / 15 / 45 / 20 = 145
q # of citations (Google Scholar): > 4000
q H-index (Google Scholar H-Index Calculator): 31
q # of PhD-MS students supervised (complete/in-progress): PhD:2/16 - MS:12/1
q # of conferences co-chaired / served as TPC Member: 25 / >200

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 NWCL: CREW, SPONSORS, AND (SOME) PARTNERS
Director: Prof. zgr Bar Akan
Next-generation and Wireless Communications Laboratory
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University
http://home.ku.edu.tr/~akan || akan@ku.edu.tr

Crew:

Sponsors:

(Some)
Partners:

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Haberleme Alanndaki Bilimsel Yayn Performans

Yayn Atf Etki

lkeler
Says Says Deeri
1981-2007 Trkiyedeki niversitelerde haberleme Dnya 90,151 406,753 4,51
alannda yaplm bilimsel yaynlar ABD 33,308 240,624 7,22
AB-27 26,750 95,586 3,57
r. Yayn Atf Etki
Alan Asya Pasik 26,323 72,485 2,75
yesi Says Says Deeri
Haberleme 120 600 1,449 2.42 Japonya 10,083 27,267 2,70
Bilgisayar 868 4,480 13,158 2.94 ngiltere 6,731 24,255 3,60
Elektrik Mh. 733 2,993 11,274 3.77 Fransa 4,819 12,735 2,64
talya 3,857 17,089 4,43
Yunanistan 1,227 3,507 2,86
" Trkiye svire 850 5,784 6,80
" Dnyadaki yaynlarn % 0.67sine sahip! Trkiye 600 1,449 2,42

" yayn/(milyon)kii sralamasnda 33. srada! Danimarka 403 2,175 5,40

Portekiz 242 676 2,79

. H. Demirel, C. Sara, E. Akll, . Byknar, S. Yetgin, V. Latif, E. A. Grses, Trkiye niversitelerinin Bilimsel Yayn Performans (II)
(1981-2007), TBTAK ULAKBM, 2009.

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How to do Research

Research is dicult for (some? most?) people because

they are ill-prepared
they have the wrong perceptions about what research is
they have diculty in formulating a research question
they have not usually undergone a creative thinking course
they do not read widely enough
they do not know how to use the Web for research
their supervisors do not themselves fully understand the
research process and how to best explain it

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 Basic Steps in Research

Read (Always)!
Determine the problem to work on
Make sure it is worth to work on (how??)
Make sure it has not already been studied n times (how??)
State the basic set of assumptions (if any)
Do a complete background search (literature survey)
Fine tune your problem denition
Solve the problem
Well, how???
How about by creative thinking+background+technical ability
+hardworking and more?
Make sure your solution is correct, novel, and well-
explained!!! (HOW???)

Way to success in research: HIP-T protocol ! (Prof. Akyildiz)
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 How-to: Start Research in Comm. and Networking

[Note: This is only a starting point. There's a lot more to research

than what's here!]
Pick a direction or area of interest based on your background in
communications and networking (courses you have taken,
readings, conferences, talks to Professors, etc.)
Try to be as specic as possible
For example, do not pick 'multicast' (it is too general),
but perhaps 'congestion control for reliable multicast' or 'multicast routing in ad
hoc networks'
Do not pick underwater networks' (too general),
but perhaps cooperative MAC for underwater acoustic networks'
there could be a list of topics that interest you (related or unrelated). (do not
start with a list of more than three topics)

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Do you like your topic Hot or Cold?

Hot topics
Advantage: everyone cares about it
Disadvantage: really hard to stand out from the crowd
Disadvantage: easy to get scooped

Cold topics
Must do much better at making an argument
Easy to convince people you have done something novel,
hard to make them care

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Cross-disciplinary research

Apply techniques from one area to a problem in another

Integrate techniques from two areas

Advantage: easy to make a signicant, novel contribution
No-one had solved the problem before because they had
not thought of it in the way that I did

Disadvantage: people from both areas can dismiss you as not
relevant
Have to argue that old ideas are still useful, just need to be
adapted

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What is Your Problem?

Crystallizing the problem is one of the hardest things about

doing research

Common trap
That system is so broken, I can do it better!
(without a specic goal for better)

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How-to: Start Research in Comm. and Networking
Compile a set of 'keywords' to start searching for high quality readings for each of the
previously selected topics. Good places to start your search (for EE, CS researchers) are
IEEE library on-line and ACM library on-line (both of which are freely available through
ULAKBIM). Pick one research topic at a time.

You can also search on the web (e.g., Google) but please double check the publication details for
quality

Out of the search hits, select around 15-20 papers that you think are most related to what
you had in mind and are of the highest quality. Do NOT read all these papers yet!

Check the title, abstract, names of authors, their aliations, and most importantly the conference
or journal. Many IEEE and ACM conferences/Journals are of high quality. Some, however, are more
selective and competitive than others.

Examples of well-known conferences/journals include, but are not limited to:

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN), IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), IEEE Transactions on
Communications, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, IEEE Communications Magazine, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, IEEE Communications Letters, ACM SIGCOMM, IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE ICNP, IEEE SIGMetrics, Computer Networks Journal
(Elsevier), IEEE ICC, IEEE GlobeCom, ACM CCR, among others.

In the more specic areas of wireless networks (including mobile ad hoc networks, sensor networks and cellular-like infrastructure-based
networks): ACM MobiCom, ACM MobiHoc, ACM MONET Journal, AdHoc Networks Journal (Elsevier), ACM Wireless Networks (WiNet)
Journal, ACM SenSys, IEEE/ACM IPSN, IEEE WCNC, ACM MC2R, to name a few.

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(Avoid Some Notorious Venues)

Randomly generated paper got accepted to a

conference MIT Prank (slashdot, 2005)
http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/scigen/
e.g., The World Multi-Conference on Systemics,
Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI)

Along your career, you will get emails from unknown

venues to submit a paper, to serve as PC, etc.
Be careful if the venue is not well-known
Many of them are NON-REVIEWED, and Prot-Oriented
event no academic values what so ever !!

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How-to: Start Research in Comm. and Networking
Some gathered statistics about conference/workshop acceptance rates on web
(e.g., http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~almeroth/conf/stats/). Note, however, that this is only
one possible indication of quality.
[Note: try to rene your set of keywords and perform multiple searches to cover most
related quality work.]

Use references and citations. Usually the most cited work by high quality papers is
also of high quality. If you like a specic paper look at the list of references, this will
give you a good direction to follow.
You can check citation index and perform cited reference search over
http://scientic.thomsonreuters.com/training/wos/

For the selected 15-20 papers read only the abstract, introduction and conclusion in
detail (you may skim the rest of the paper for a general idea).

Identify the emphasis of each paper:

(I) which problem it addresses,
(II) what solution it proposes,
(III) how the solution diers from previous solutions, and
(IV) what are the main contributions and conclusions.

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How-to: Start Research in Comm. and Networking

Out of these 15-20 papers, and based on your reading and understanding, pick a list of
4-6 papers that are the highest quality and address your research interests and the
challenges in the eld most appropriately.

Read those 4-6 papers from beginning to end, identifying in detail:

(I) the main approaches,
(II) methods of analysis: (a) metrics, (b) evaluation tools, (c) analysis and interpretation of
resulting simulation or measured data,
(III) conclusions.

Keep a list of what you think the authors missed in the paper, gaps or limitations that
could be improved upon and any ideas on how to accomplish these improvements.
Some questions to ask include:
Did all/some papers use similar approaches?
Have they used the same evaluation criteria, or method of analysis?
If not, then what are the strengths/weaknesses of each method?
Also, keep a list of ideas that you want to explore further, or background material you
want to brush upon. This will create another list of readings for you in later stages.

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(Reference Chase)

Do not trap into the Exponential Reference Chase problem

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How-to: Start Research in Comm. and Networking
Write a two page proposal dening, as clearly as possible, the following items:
Motivation
Research challenges
Overview of existing work
Limitations of existing work
Potential directions and ideas for improvement
Expected results and impact on the eld.

Have some knowledgeable (trustworthy) friends review the proposal for you and give
feedback (mainly on presentation and clarity, leave technical remarks for the
research advisor)
For example, have them read the 2 pages and tell you (in their own words) what they think
you are proposing

If/when you think it is clear, then discuss the proposal with your research advisor/
colleague.
If you do not think it is clear, go back and re-write.

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How-to: Start Research in Comm. and Networking

If you think you have missed some other work, then go back to the 15-20 list and pick
another 3-5 good papers to read in detail, and re-write parts of your proposal.

Try to focus... it is hard, and there are a lot of good ideas out there, and the more your
read, the more you want to read (which is good), but you have to focus and write those
2 pages.

Remember that having a strategy is sometimes more important than dispersed ideas.
More readings will come at a later phase.
It is more important to focus at this point and not get confused, so be very selective in your
readings.

If you have done a good job at the above, I think you are at a good 'starting' point to
pursue research!

Good luck with the rest...

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What is the Goal of a Research Paper?

Disseminate your ideas to others so that people appreciate/

use/cite them
Graduate Of course
MS: need to write thesis to graduate
Ph.D: Publish or Perish
Without good publications
No good job, no good career
And possibly no good life either
GPA: nobody cares (Maintain about 3.0/4.0)

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Facts on Paper Reviews

Paper is submitted (to journal or conference)

The EiC (or TPC Chair) :

receives it
Reads the paper and assigns to Associate Editor (or TPC
Member)

Associate Editor (or TPC Member)

Assigns the paper to referees (3, 4 depending on the venue)
Receives the review reports
Make a decision and informs us the EiC (or TPC Chair)
Decision is sent out to the author
(how long does it take?)

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Facts on Paper Reviews

3-4 reviewers per paper

10-20% acceptance rate for top-tier venues
Very competitive

Criteria (in general terms)

Accept/Weak Accept
Neutral
Weak Reject/Reject
One reject kills a paper
At least Accept, Weak Accept and Neutral

(adopted from J. Chos slides)

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 About Reviewers

15-20 papers per reviewer

Reviewer cannot spend 5-10 hours per paper
20 X 10 = 200 hours = (40 hours X 5) = 5 weeks!

No reviewers can aord this

Give a good impression in 1-2 hours!
Impression matters the most
Content comes next!

WARNING: Of course, to start with, your main idea

must be good to get into top-tier

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 Writing a research paper
Focus on the abstract/introduction (after writing the rest)
Most important part of a paper
Assuming you already have the ideas worked out

Outline before you write

Get outside feedback

The pickier the better
Feedback on the technical content, the argument, and the grammar/
style of writing

Revise
Take one paper and focus intensely
Revise the argument until its exactly right
Go over each sentence in detail: several minutes
Will take a long time, but you will learn a lot, and next time you can do
it quickly

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Paper Organization

1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. Overview
4. Main Ideas/Detailed explanation
5. Experiments / Analysis
6. Conclusion
7. References

Even tiny idea can turn into a good paper if you

DEVELOP well

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 Writing Good Introduction
Whats the problem?

Why is it important?
Mention some application, existing problems

Why is it dicult?
Ask some not-very-obvious questions or explain naive approach

What others did?

Whats my contribution?
Contribution bullet list (paper organization)

Build some excitement/surprise

Keep reading! You will nd something interesting later

Every word should be carefully picked

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 Easy-to-Read Paper
You can always make it complicated later

Comprehensive Figures & Tables Figure speaks !!
Summary of notations

Dene models/architecture precisely

Explicitly write down assumptions

Input, output, property, goal function

Make a connection

Write concisely (not long sentences, this is a technical paper!)

Follow guidelines (page/gure limit, LaTeX/word etc.)

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Get rid of needless words

Before revision: After revision: Students

The fact that certain who failed to complete the
students failed to complete on-line assignments usually
the on-line assignments scored lower on the
resulted, in most instances, following hour test. (16
in lower scores for these words)
individuals on the following
hour test. (26 words)

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Prepare and check carefully the list of references

Follow exactly the format specied

for the journal or conference to which you are submitting the
paper.

Normally, references are numbered in order of appearance in

the text (end-note utilities in word processors do this
automatically, but too often have minds of their own).

Double-check the spelling of authors names (dangerous error:

misspelling the name of someone who might review the
paper!).

Check again for consistency!

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Prepare the abstract and select a title
After all revisions are completed, prepare an abstract that
summarizes in about XXX (e.g., 100) words what you did, why
you did it, what you found out, and what it means to your
readers.

Select a title that clearly conveys your subject in as few words

as possible.

Remember: many will decide whether or not to read your paper

based on the title and abstract.

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 Start Writing Early On

Even if you feel you are NOT ready yet

Your advisor will throw away your initial draft anyway

Your initial submission will be rejected anyway

But you get

(good or bad) Experiences and learn from that

Writing sharpens your ideas and gives more ideas
Writing can be improved only via writing

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Fabrication and Plagiarism

Prominent Physicist Fired for Faking Data Research: Bell Labs

says scientist 'recklessly' misrepresented work on
microprocessors (2002, LA Times)

http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sci-
physicist26sep26.story

Constantinos V. Papadopoulos got caught plagiarism at

EUROPAR (1995) 7 papers published and 8 under
submission all plagiarized from Technical Reports
http://www.sics.se/europar95/plagiarism.html

NEVER, EVER, do these professional suicide !!

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 Why PhD?

Many reasons people are trying to get a PhD

Useful both for you and your advisor to know reasons
Why are you pursuing PhD in EE? (Mark all that apply)
I enjoy research
I want to teach, and a PhD is required for that
A PhD will help me get a higher salary
I needed to leave my home country and this was the best route
My parents expect it
My sibling(s) did it
I really wasn't interested in anything after my Bachelor's, and grad
school was the easiest route
Other (explain):

Be careful: Research skills and good grades skills are not the same !!
BA14 31/45
Why PhD?

What are your goals after graduating with your Ph.D?

(Mark all that apply)
Get a research-oriented academic position
Get a teaching-oriented academic position
Work in a research lab
Work for some hot Internet corporation
Consult
Start my own company
Other (explain):

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(Industry vs. Academia)

Industry Academia
Must justify work to your Must justify work to
boss funding agencies
Typically has to be more more work, but more
applied exibility
Less job security Tenure
Many fewer distractions Many responsibilities and
More direct impact on meetings
practice Students as research
multiplier
Teaching

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 Is this for me?
You should try to come to a frank appraisal of whether a PhD is the right thing for you. You need to be
totally honest with yourself about this. You need to consider the question at several levels:
Is going for a Ph.D the right thing for me?
If so, is the area I am pursuing now right for me?
If so, is the advisor I have now right for me?
Don't kid yourself
Liking research it is liking DOING it, not liking thinking about where it puts you, or liking to view
yourself as someone who does it.
When you sit down daily to do your work in the lab, working on your research problem, writing the paper, are
you bored?
Is it hard to motivate yourself to be there? Is it really not fun? Are you saying, ``I have to do this''? Those are bad
signs.

Am I smart enough?
That's the wrong question. There is no such thing as ``smart enough''.
If you love playing the piano, play it. You don't expect to be Alfred Brendel or Vladimir Ashkenazy. But you are
doing something productive for yourself and those around you. Research is the same. If you enjoy doing it,
pursue it. You will usually nd that you can contribute something. As you go on, you will discover your strengths
and nd you have something unique to oer.

Self condence
One nice thing about research is that nobody need know when you failed. You write papers only about your
successes. But that is also deceptive, because you don't see the failures of others. But they are there. Even the
top people don't always succeed. Gauss failed sometimes, as did Einstein.
Choosing an area and an advisor
It is never too late to change areas.
You should feel you have some understanding of the importance of the area you choose, that it is worth your
investment of time in it.
Your advisor should be able to inspire you about the work and give you a sense that it is worth it and worth your
time.
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 What students can expect from supervisor

Early direction (how much steering?)

Exposure to all elements of research training

Advice on reformulation of goals and plans

Positive feedback on research proposals

Interest in what they are doing and why

Criticism if fail to meet professional research standards

Meetings as requested by student and supervisor

Support and encouragement in time of research, nancial or personal

crisis
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 PhD Steps
Am I on track?
The best way to know is to ask
Progress is measured in a number of ways. Direct output, like papers is the most
obvious.

What's the student's job?

Nothing, really.
Students sometimes view a project suggested by an advisor as a ``job'' they need to
get done. That may be appropriate for systems work; it is not in theoretical work.
There is really no ``job'' advisor needs you to do. You are working for yourself, not
for advisor

Phase by phase
Do not jump into solving a large problem immediately
Progress should be phases

Publications versus thesis

Quantity and quality of publications you should look for varies with your Ph.D goal
If you want to head into research, whether at a research lab or in academia, they will
look at your publication record, not your thesis
You want more than a minimal Ph.D. You want to have had recognized publications
and exposure
Students headed this way shouldn't really even be thinking about a ``thesis'': this is
only a formality for the university and less than you need
Try to do good research and get recognition in the research community
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 PhD Steps

What is enough?
The minimal Ph.D is probably about ??? papers, but there is no hard
and fast rule.
In addition to papers, develop communication skills, both written and
verbal.
You should be able to plan and give clear talks and to write clear and
correct technical papers.

When is enough?
Accomplishment is measured by output, not time.
The typical time-frame is ve years, assuming the rst year is spent in
coursework and you start research the second year.
Finishing in less time than that is neither unusual nor unusually dicult.
If it looks like you may take more than ve years, it is not a good sign.
At that point, funding and lab space start getting denied, so beware.

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 What can I get from a PhD?
The Ph.D experience is about much more than learning to do deep work in some
technical area
You should get a sense of condence in the power of rational thought and the range of its
applicability.
Everything in life is a problem of some sort of the other.
After a Ph.D you should have the inclination and ability to research anything, whether it be
mortgages, biology, cooking or Toyota engines, and the expectation that you will understand it

You should get the condence and inclination to question all that is around you and seek
out new ways of doing it or seeing it.
You should be more likely to ask why things are done a certain why, and how it could be made
better

PhD should give you the condence that you can jump into a new area, pick it up
quickly, and have something interesting to say about it, even if other people have looked
at this area for a long time.
More than depth in any one area it should give you the courage to jump from area to area.

You might increase your appreciation for creativity, in other people and in all areas of life.
You might view art dierently, or think dierently about music you hear
You should learn to value creativity and seek it out.

It will install a sense of taste and a critical sense

It should make you unwilling to accept the common standards and norms
You should naturally nd yourself questioning things.
You should be willing to contradict conventional widsom.
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 What is really the outcome of PhD?
To achieve the PhD degree it is necessary to demonstrate that
you have mastered the skills necessary to carry out research to professional standards.

(The point of the PhD is not to demonstrate your brilliance (although this might also
occur), but to demonstrate that you have mastered a set of research skills)

Professional research standards means:
You have something to say
i.e. you are able to present a coherent argument and can tell a story that your world-wide
peer group is interested to hear (the thesis).
You are able to evaluate the worth of what others are doing
Literature surveys
You have the astuteness to discover where to make a contribution
You can communicate eectively to the world wide peer group
by writing clear, precise, logical conference and journal articles and making presentations at
international conferences, workshops and seminars.
You have mastered the appropriate experimental, mathematical research skills.
You are able to conduct literature searches, review conference and journal
submissions.
You are able to formulate plans to meet short-term and long-term goals.
You are able to meet deadlines.

Professional means that you have the determination and application to work to
the conclusion of what you set out to do.

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PhD Dissertation ??

"The dissertation must be clearly written, must take into

account previously published work on the subject and must
represent a signicant contribution to learning (e.g. discovery
of new knowledge, connection of previously unrelated facts,
development of new theory or revision of old views.)"

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(Hardest thing about Dissertation)

is nishing it
Write lots of papers; then you have material to work with
(correct?)
(Do not try to publish everything you do)

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 The following story, called "The Parable of the Black Belt," is excerpted from Built to Last:
Successful Habits of Visionary Companies, by J. C. Collins and J. I. Porras.

Picture a martial artist kneeling

before the master sensei in a
ceremony to receive a hard-earned
black belt. After years of relentless
training, the student has nally
reached a pinnacle of achievement
in the discipline.
"Before granting the belt, you must
pass one more test," says the sensei.
"I am ready," responds the student,
expecting perhaps one nal round of
sparring.
"You must answer the essential
question: What is the true meaning
of the black belt?"
"The end of my journey," says the
student. "A well-deserved reward for
all my hard work."

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The following story, called "The Parable of the Black Belt," is excerpted from Built to Last:
Successful Habits of Visionary Companies, by J. C. Collins and J. I. Porras.

The sensei waits for more. Clearly, he is not satised. Finally,

the sensei speaks. "You are not yet ready for the black belt.
Return in one year."
A year later, the student kneels again in front of the sensei.
"What is the true meaning of the black belt?" asks the sensei.
"A symbol of distinction and the highest achievement in our
art," says the student.

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 The following story, called "The Parable of the Black Belt," is excerpted from Built to Last:
Successful Habits of Visionary Companies, by J. C. Collins and J. I. Porras.

The sensei says nothing for many minutes, waiting. Clearly, he is not
satised. Finally, he speaks. "You are still not ready for the black belt.
Return in one year."
A year later, the student kneels once again in front of the sensei. And again
the sensei asks: "What is the true meaning of the black belt?"
"The black belt represents the beginning -- the start of a never-ending
journey of discipline, work, and the pursuit of an ever-higher standard,"
says the student.
"Yes. You are now ready to receive the black belt and begin your work."
Two lessons of this story:
First, the Ph.D. is the beginning, not the culmination, of your career. Don't
worry about making it your magnum opus. Get out sooner, rather than later.
Second, if you bother to talk to and learn from the people who have already
gone through this process, you might graduate two years earlier.
Good luck.

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 Sources of Advice

Advice Collection (maintained by by Tao Xie and Yuan Xie) (Huge set of advices from researchers)
http://people.engr.ncsu.edu/txie/advice.htm
How to Write a Research Paper (or How to Graduate Quickly)? (Dongwon Lee)
http://pike.psu.edu/presentations/db-seminar-05-summer-intro.pdf
Guidelines on PhD research and supervision (Roberto Cipolla)
http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/~cipolla/phdguide.html
The Ph.D Experience by Mihir Bellare
http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/mihir/phd.html
A Personal Note on How to Start Research in Computer Networks
http://ceng.usc.edu/~helmy/research-start.html

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 Teekkrler.

Prof. Dr. zgr Bar Akan
Gelecek Nesil ve Kablosuz Haberleme Laboratuvar (NWCL)
Elektrik Elektronik Mhendislii Blm, Ko niversitesi
BA14
http://home.ku.edu.tr/~akan akan@ku.edu.tr 14 Mart 2014 Cuma