Outline

General Introduction
Data
Exercises

Chapter 1 - Lecture 1
Population and Samples

Andreas Artemiou

August 24th, 2009

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples

 Outline
General Introduction
Data
Exercises

General Introduction
Statistics in general
Definitions

Data
Data types
Collecting data
Examples

Exercises

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples

 Outline
General Introduction Statistics in general
Data Definitions
Exercises

Introduction

I What is Statistics?

I Where do we use Statistics?

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples

 Outline
General Introduction Statistics in general
Data Definitions
Exercises

Branches of Statistics

I Descriptive Statistics: When a researcher collects data and

he is interested to summarize it and see important features of
the data
I Inferential Statistics: When a researcher collects data and
he is interested to reach a conclusion regarding the population
of interest

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples

 Outline
General Introduction Statistics in general
Data Definitions
Exercises

Definitions

I Data is a collection of facts

I Population is a well defined collection of objects that are of
interest
I When we have available information for all the objects in a
population, we have a census
I When we have available information only on a subset of the
population then we have a sample
I Variable is a characteristic whose value can change from one
object to another in a population

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples

 Outline
Data types
General Introduction
Collecting data
Data
Examples
Exercises

Univariate Data

I When the data consists of observations on a single variable.

I Examples:

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples

 Outline
Data types
General Introduction
Collecting data
Data
Examples
Exercises

Bivariate Data

I When the data consists of observations on two variables

I Examples:

I We have multivariate data when we have 3 or more variables.

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples

 Outline
Data types
General Introduction
Collecting data
Data
Examples
Exercises

Methods of collecting data

I Simple random sample: Every object in the population is
given a certain number, and we randomly choose the number
of objects we want in our sample
I Stratified random sample: The population is divided into
subpopulations where we take a simple random sample in
each of the subpopulations
I Clustered random sample: The population is divided into
subpopulations, where we take a random sample of the
subpopulations and then we sample everyone in the
subpopulations selected.
I Convenience sample: Where certain objects in the
population have less probability of being selected into the
sample
Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples
 Outline
Data types
General Introduction
Collecting data
Data
Examples
Exercises

Examples

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples

 Outline
General Introduction
Data
Exercises

Exercises

I Section 1.1 page 8

I Exercises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Andreas Artemiou Chapter 1 - Lecture 1 Population and Samples