Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

MultipleChoice
1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsdistinguishesmoralstandardsfromothersortsofstandards?
a.moralstandardsarepurelyoptional
b.moralstandardstakepriorityoverotherstandards,includingself-interest
c.moralstandardscannotbejustifiedbyreasons
d.moralstandardsmustbesetorvalidatedbysomeauthoritativebody

ANSWER:b

2.Choosethestatementthatgivesthemostaccuratedescriptionofetiquette:
a.therulesofetiquetteareafundamentalbranchofmorality
b.conformitywiththerulesofetiquetteissufficientformoralconduct
c.etiquettereferstoanyspecialcodeofsocialbehaviororcourtesy
d.therulesofetiquettearebackedbystatutorylaw

ANSWER:c

3.Ourrelationshipwiththelawisbestdescribedbywhichofthefollowing?
a.Toasignificantextent,lawcodifiesasociety'scustoms,norms,andmoralvalues.
b.Thelawisacompletelyadequateguidetothemoralstandardsthatweshouldfollow.
c.Thelawmakesallimmoralconductillegal.
d.Violatingthelawisalwaysimmoral.

ANSWER:a

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthefourbroadcategoriesoflaw?
a.statutes
b.constitutionallaw
c.commonlaw
d.contractuallaw

ANSWER:d

5.Forphilosophers,themostimportantissueisnotwhereourmoralprinciplescamefrom,but:
a.whetherthosemoralprinciplescanbejustified
b.howweacquiredthebeliefswehave
c.towhatextentreligioninfluencespeople'smoralbeliefs
d.thelegalbasisforactingmorally

ANSWER:a

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

6.Thebenefitswithinmoralstandardsarebestseeninwhichstatement?
a.Thereisacompletelistofadequacycriteriaformoraljudgmentsthatphilosophersallagreeon.
b.Professionalcodesaretherulesthataresupposedtogoverntheconductofmembersofagivenprofession.
c.Professionalcodesofethicsprovideacompleteandreliableguidetoone'smoralobligations.
d.Peoplewhoareexclusivelyconcernedwiththeirownintereststendtohavehappierandmoresatisfyinglives
thanthosewhosedesiresextendbeyondthemselves.

ANSWER:b

7.Whenreligionandmoralityareconsidered:
a.themoralinstructionsoftheworld'sgreatreligionsareoftengeneralandimprecise.
b.mostpeopleactrightlyonlybecausetheirreligiontellsthemto.
c.atheistsarelikelytobelessmoralthanreligiouspeople.
d.inpractice,peoplewhoshareareligionwillagreeonallmoralquestions.

ANSWER:a

8.Accordingtodivinecommandtheory,ifstealingiswrongthenitiswrongbecause:
a.Ourreasondeterminesstealingtobewrong.
b.Godforbidsstealingbecausestealingiswrong.
c.Godleavesrightandwronguptohumanity.
d.StealingiswrongonlybecauseGodcommandsusnottosteal.

ANSWER:d

9.Ethicalrelativismsupportsthetheorythat:
a.whatisrightisdeterminedbywhatacultureorsocietysaysisright.
b.therearenomoralvalueswhatsoever.
c.moralityisrelativetothegoalofpromotinghumanwell-being.
d.differentsocietieshavesimilarideasaboutrightandwrong.

ANSWER:a

10.Whenethicalrelativismisputintopractice,itimpliesthat
a.societiesnevershareanymoralvaluesincommon.
b.inethics,sometimestheminorityisright.
c.wecannotsaythatslaveryiswrongifthesocietyinquestionbelievesitisright.
d.associetiesevolve,theirmoralityimproves.

ANSWER:c

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

11.Intheessay,IsBusinessBluffingEthical?AlbertCarrwouldagreewithallofthefollowingexceptfor:
a.Businesshastheimpersonalcharacterofagamelikepoker.
b.Businessdemandsspecialstrategy.
c.Businessrequiresanunderstandingofitsspecialethicalstandards.
d.Businessshouldbeevaluatedbysociety'smoralstandards.

ANSWER:d

12.Acceptingamoralprinciple
a.isapurelyintellectualactlikeacceptingascientifichypothesis.
b.generallyinvolvesadesiretofollowthatprincipleforitsownsake.
c.meansyouwillnevergoagainstthatprinciple.
d.isareligiouslybasedactoffaith.

ANSWER:b

13.TheexampleofHuckleberryFinnshows
a.oneshouldalwaysobeyone'sconscience.
b.whenindoubt,oneshouldignoreone'sconscience.
c.weshouldn'trelyuncriticallyonwhatourconsciencesays.
d.unlikemostpeople,HuckleberryFinnlackedaconscience.

ANSWER:c

14.Moralityandself-interest
a.cansometimesconflict.
b.boildowntothesamething.
c.cannevercomeintogenuineconflict.
d.areinbasic,irreconcilableconflict.

ANSWER:a

15.Atangibletruthabouthavingmoralprinciplesis
a.moralbehavioralwayspaysoffinstrictlyselfishterms.
b.morallyresponsiblecompaniesarerarelyamongthemostprofitable.
c.ifyoudotherightthingonlybecauseyouthinkitwillpayoff,you'renotreallymotivatedbymoralconcerns.
d.businessisfundamentallyanamoralactivity.

ANSWER:c

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

16.Whichstatementistrueconcerningmoralprinciplesandselfinterests?
a.StatutesarelawsappliedintheEnglish-speakingworldbeforetherewereanycommonlaws.
b.PhilosophersagreethatmoralityisbasedonthecommandsofGod.
c."Groupthink"isapositiveandnecessarycharacteristicofallgroups.
d.Moralityservestorestrainourpurelyself-interesteddesiressothatwecanalllivetogether.

ANSWER:d

17.Thecodeorprinciplesofconductthatapersonaccepts
a.constitutethewholeofhisorhermorality.
b.canbedistinguishedfromtheperson'smoralityinabroadersensethatincludeshisorhervalues,ideals,and
aspirations.
c.rarelyguidehisorherconductinpractice.
d.isthesameasthestandardsofetiquettethatapersonaccepts.

ANSWER:b

18.ThefamousexperimentsbysocialpsychologistSolomonAschshow
a.thetruthofutilitarianism.
b.thepowerofpeerpressurehasbeengreatlyexaggerated.
c.businessorganizationsputmorepressureonindividualintegritythandootherkindsoforganization.
d.eventemporarygroupscanpressurepeopletoconform.

ANSWER:d

19.TheauthorsusethemurderofKittyGenovesetoillustrate
a.ethicalrelativism.
b.bystanderapathy.
c.groupthink.
d.theparadoxofhedonism.

ANSWER:b

20.Ifanargumentisvalid,then
a.theargumentissound.
b.theargument'sconclusionmustbetrue.
c.theargument'spremisesaretrue.
d.itsconclusionmustbetrue,ifitspremisesare.

ANSWER:d

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

21.Goodmoraljudgmentsshouldbelogicaland
a.basedonreligion.
b.beyondrationaldoubt.
c.basedonfactsandacceptablemoralprinciples.
d.coincidewithwhatmostscientificallytrainedpeoplethink.

ANSWER:c

22.Philosophicaldiscussionofmoralissuestypicallyinvolves
a.therevisionandmodificationofarguments.
b.polishedrhetoricandskillatdebate.
c.circularreasoning.
d.determiningwhatthemajoritythinks.

ANSWER:a

23.Properlogicstates
a.allvalidargumentsaresoundarguments.
b.allsoundargumentsarevalidarguments.
c.asoundargumentmayhaveafalseconclusion.
d.asoundargumentmayhaveafalsepremise.

ANSWER:b

24.Choosethestatementthatisatruereflectionofmoralbeliefs.
a.Conscienceisaperfectlyreliableguideformoralbehavior.
b.Moralityinthebroadsenseisthesetofmoralrulesyouobey.
c.Bystanderapathyappearstoresultinpartfromdiffusionofresponsibility.
d.Rulesofetiquetteareusuallymoralassertions.

ANSWER:c

25.Moralattitudesarebestdepictedbywhichofthefollowing?
a.Aslongasyourconductislegal,thenitwillbemoral.
b.Ifyoufollowtherulesofetiquette,yourconductwillbemoral.
c.Moralstandardstypicallyconcernbehaviorthatcanbeofseriousconsequencetohumanwelfare.
d.Thereisnodistinctionbetweenmoralityinabroadsenseandmoralityinanarrowsense.

ANSWER:c

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

True/False
26.Anorganizationisagroupofpeopleworkingtogethertoachieveacommonpurpose.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

27.Mostpeopledon'tdistinguishbetweenaperson's"morals"andhisorher"ethics."
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

28.Businessethicsisthestudyofwhatconstitutesrightandwrong,orgoodandbad,humanconductinabusiness
context.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

29.Inbusinessandelsewhere,youronlymoralobligationistoactwithinthelaw.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

30.Forphilosophers,theimportantquestionisnothowwecometohavetheparticularmoralprincipleswehave,but
whetherwecanjustifythem.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

31.Ifyourconductislegal,itwillalsobemoral.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

32.Moralstandardsconcernbehaviorthatcanbeofseriousconsequencetohumanwelfare.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

33.Anindividualdoesnothavetofollowthecodeofone'sprofession.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

34.Rulesofetiquettearealwaysmoralrules.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

35."Etiquette"designatesaspecialrealmofmorality.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

36.Therearefourbasickindsoflaw:statutes,regulations,commonlaw,andconstitutionallaw.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

37.Intheoryandpractice,lawcodifiescustoms,ideals,beliefs,andasociety'smoralvalues.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

38.Accordingtooneviewindivinecommandtheory,ifsomethingiswrong,thentheonlyreasonitiswrongisthatGod
commandsthatitiswrong.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

39.Ethicalrelativismisthetheorythatwhatisrightisdeterminedbywhatacultureorsocietysaysisright.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

40.Ifyoudotherightthingonlybecauseyouthinkitwillpayoff,thenyouaretrulymotivatedbymoralconcerns.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

41.Ourconscienceevolvedasweinternalizedthemoralinstructionsoftheparentsorotherauthorityfigureswhoraised
usaschildren.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

42.Theparadoxofhedonism(ortheparadoxofselfishness)isthatpeoplewhoareexclusivelyconcernedwiththeirown
intereststendtohavehappierandmoresatisfyinglivesthanthosewhoareconcernedaboutotherpeople.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

43.Inabroadsensemoralityisthemoralcodeofanindividualorofasociety(insofarasthemoralcodesofthe
individualsmakingupthatsocietyoverlap).
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

44.Organizationalnormsalwaysandinevitablyleadtogroupthink.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

45.Bystanderapathyappearstoresultinpartfromdiffusionofresponsibility.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

46.Oneofthemajorcharacteristicsofanorganizationisthesharedacceptanceoforganizationalrulesbyitsmembers.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

47.Anargumentisagroupofstatements,oneofwhichisclaimedtofollowfromtheothers.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

48.Anargumentisvalidonlyifallitspremisesaretrue.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

49.AccordingtoTomRegan,ourconsideredmoralbeliefsarethoseweholdonlyafterwehavemadeaconscientious
effort(a)toattainmaximumconceptualclarity,(b)toacquireallrelevantinformation,(c)tothinkaboutthebeliefand
itsimplicationsrationally,(d)impartially,andwiththebenefitofreflection,(e)coolly.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:True

50.Aristotlearguedthatlivingamorallygoodlifeisbeinggoodatyourjob.
a.True
b.False

ANSWER:False

SubjectiveShortAnswer
51.Whatisthedivinecommandtheory?
ANSWER:Seereferencedsection.

52.Somephilosophersdistinguishbetweenmoralityinabroadsenseandmoralityinanarrowsense.Whatisthis
difference?
ANSWER:Seereferencedsection.

53.Whatismeantby"diffusionofresponsibility"?

ANSWER:Seereferencedsection.

54.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthevalidityandsoundnessofanargument?
ANSWER:Seereferencedsection.

55.Whatisonewayonecanchallengethemoralstandardofamoralargument?
ANSWER:Seereferencedsection.

Essay
56.Howdowedevelopourethics?Whataretheprimarysourcesforustodevelopourethicalposition?
ANSWER:Seereferencedsection.

57.Explaintheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofgroupthink.
ANSWER:Seereferencedsection.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter1-TheNatureofMorality

58.Explainwhybeingethicalisgoodbusiness.

ANSWER:Seereferencedsections.

59.Isitpossibletobeethicalandbesuccessful?Tomany,thetwodonotgotogether.Stateyourpositionwithreasons.
ANSWER:Seereferencedsections.

60.Whatdollarvaluewouldyougivetoagoodreputationinbusiness?Howmuchisagoodreputationworth?
ANSWER:Seereferencedsections.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10