Issue 02.

96

/,1'($* LINDE STANDARD

Werksgruppe Verfahrens- General Requirements for
technik und Anlagenbau Pressure Swing Adsorbers in Hydrogen Service 
Hllriegelskreuth
bei Mnchen
Orig.:HAT/Heinz, TAW/Kittel Checked: HAT/Heinz Appr.: TAN/Hent. Total 5 Pages

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This standard specifies the minimum requirements for materials, fabrication and testing of ferritic steel Pressure Swing
Adsorbers including pertinent piping for hydrogen service under cyclic loading at operating temperatures 200C and at
H2-partial pressures > 1 bar.

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Avoidance of damages caused by physically induced hydrogen cracking.

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Hydrogen service: Gases containing hydrogen with less than 0.2 Vol.-% CO and/or O2.
Cyclic loading: Internal pressure with N > 1000 cycles.

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The ladle analysis (as per mill test report) of pressure retaining parts and filter cone supporting ring shall meet the following
requirements:
a) carbon content 0.22% or
b) carbon content 0.25% and carbon equivalent CE 0.50
%Mn %Cr + %Mo + %V %Cu + %Ni
where CE = %C + + +
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If formula b) is used all elements shall be confirmed in the mill test report.
Otherwise requirement a) shall govern.
Materials for all pressure retaining parts as well as all attachments to the pressure retaining parts shall be in normalized (or
hot finished to obtain normalized condition) or in quenched and tempered condition before welding.

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For all pressure retaining parts as well as attachments to pressure retaining parts material test reports are required, indicating
chemical analysis and mechanical test results.

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All surfaces shall be free of cracks.

Imprints of scales, scratches, notches and deteriorated surfaces caused by lifting devices or deteriorated surfaces due to
machining shall not be sharp-edged (angle 145) and not deeper than 0.3 mm. Otherwise, such spots shall be ground
with smooth transitions (angle > 145).
In order to detect the presence of such defects the surface shall be blast cleaned (free of scales) to "SA 2 " according to
ISO 8501-1. 1)
Care must be taken to ensure that neither any rejectable grinding mark nor any discolouration due to elevated temperature is
produced. The specified minimum thickness must be maintained.
Removal of surface defects by welding need prior approval of LINDE. Manufacturers request for such approval must
include all necessary information such as WPS/PQR, NDE, PWHT etc. The welded surface shall be ground flush and
MT/PT examined as a minimum.
____________________________
1) This requirement is similar to "Second Quality" acc. to BS 4232, "SA 2 " acc. to DIN 55 928 Teil 4 or
SIS 055900 and near white "SP10" acc. to SSPC and Vis 1.
 LINDE AG Werksgruppe Verfahrenstechnik und Anlagenbau Issue 02.96 LS 251-01 Page 2

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Dished heads shall be seamless. Temporary welds of handling and/or lifting devices shall not be in the area of the knuckle
portion and shall be removed acc. to para. 4.3.

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Nozzles to be of integral reinforced type, fabricated by forging nearest to shape to which it will be machined (machining
allowance max. 20 mm), 100% ultrasonically tested acc. to SA 788, S 20.
Hubbed nozzles may be fabricated from a forged cylinder, 100% ultrasonically tested acc. to SA 788, S 20 after machining.
Tension tests are required with 2 specimens taken in radial direction (perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder) in 0 and
180 position from at least one forging of the lot; tensile requirements as per material standard, reduction of area min. 35%.

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The properties of the welding consumables shall match those of the base materials. Austenitic consumables are not
permitted, even not for temporary welds which will be removed later.
Low hydrogen electrodes (proper drying is required) shall be used for the SMAW process.

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All pipes and fittings shall be seamless.

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Materials and minimum wall thicknesses shall be as specified by LINDE.

The determined number of operational load cycles as well as the swing range of cyclic loading shall be shown in the
drawing.

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Die stamping is permissible on the outside surface of walls only and not in stress-concentration areas (i.e. knuckle portion
of dished heads, nozzle junction zone, support skirt connection region). Round nose low stress stamps shall be used.
Stamping shall not be deeper than 0.8 mm.

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Welding seams in pressure retaining parts including attachment welds shall be welded with full penetration and shall be
free from notches. Attachments to pressure retaining parts by fillet welds are not permitted. Notch free means that the
angle between base metal and welding bead or between individual welding beads is not less than 145. Otherwise, the
weld shall be ground notch free with smooth transitions.
Joint efficiency is 1.0.
For welding detail of support skirt to dished head weld see figure 1.
All welds including temporary welds shall be welded by qualified welders.
PQR's shall show hardness restriction (see para. 6.2).
 LINDE AG Werksgruppe Verfahrenstechnik und Anlagenbau Issue 02.96 LS 251-01 Page 3

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For designation of welding seams refer to figure 2.

L, C, N2, N4 and P12 shall be ground flush with the base material on the inside surface.
N1, N3 and F1 shall be ground flush with the base material from both sides.
N2, N4 and N5 (outside surface) and F2 (both sides) shall be ground smooth, notch free and round off (generously
radiused). Root of N5 to be machined.
All grinding activities to be finished before any PWHT.

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All welds shall be full penetration welds. Root shall be welded using GTAW process.
Socket welds are not allowed.

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For extend of NDE see table 1.

Each NDE shall be recorded for each individual weld seam.
RT, MT of F1 and S1 shall be performed prior to welding the parts to the head, MT to be repeated after PWHT
(see table 1).
For the external condition of butt welds and fillet welds quality level B according to ISO 5817/EN 25817 shall apply, but
deviating therefrom: undercuts, root concavity, shrinkage grooves, arc strikes and spatter (see ISO 5817, serial No. 11, 21,
24 and 25) are not permitted.

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Hardness of weld deposit and heat affected zone of all welds shall be 240 HV (average of 3 readings); with a max. single
reading of 260 HV.

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A weld production test coupon of the same heat number as the shell plate shall be welded as an extension to the first
longitudinal seam of each individual vessel. The coupon shall be heat treated as the vessel if PWHT is applicable. This
coupon shall undergo the following examinations: Magnetic particle examination on both surfaces, one tension test, impact
test (if required for the base material) and macro examination with hardness test HV, 3 mm below both surfaces across the
weld. Further examinations and mechanical testing shall be performed as required by the applicable code.

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The permissible thresholds for peaking (roof-topping) and banding (flat spotting) on longitudinal welds will be specified
individually by LINDE.
Peaking (roof-topping) and banding (flat-spotting) shall be determined and documented per shell section prior to start of
welding the circumferential welds. At least 3 readings shall be taken per shell section.

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The permissible out-of-roundness is limited to X < 0.5%,

'max 'min
where X = 2 100 (in %)
'max + 'min

Each shell section to be examined.

 LINDE AG Werksgruppe Verfahrenstechnik und Anlagenbau Issue 02.96 LS 251-01 Page 4

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Each adsorber including all piping belonging to the adsorber (extent as shown in vessel specification) shall be hydrostatic pressure
tested.

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Working sequence:
Buttering layer weld to the dished head (4-6 mm thick, depending on head thickness).
Transition zone to the dished head, notch-free on lower side.
Tack welding of the support skirt to buttering layer from outside.
2-3 filler layers from the inside, notch-free towards buttering layer and support skirt.
Back-chipping and grinding of the root from outside
Liquid penetrant examination.
Build-up of filler layers.
Transition zone of the filler passes to basic corpus to be notch-free.

Note: This working sequence is to be observed, to ensure a notchfree attachment of support skirt to dished head.

Sz1, Lsz1 will be defined by LINDE for the individual case.

 LINDE AG Werksgruppe Verfahrenstechnik und Anlagenbau Issue 02.96 LS 251-01 Page 5

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After Finished Weld Finished Weld Hardness

Weld No.s 1) Backchipping Inside 2) Outside 2) Test
Linde Manuf. RT % UT % PT % or MT % PT % MT % PT % MT % Inside
L1 - L3 100 100 100 100 Spot
C1 - C4 100 100 100 100 Spot
N1, N3 100 100 100 100 Spot
N2, N4 100 100 100 100 Spot
N5 100 100 100
P1 - P11 100
P12 100 100 100 100 Spot
B1 - B2 100
F1 100 100 100 100
F2 100 100 100 100
S1 100 100 100 100
S2 100 100 100
Notes: 1) Examination of L1 - L3, C1 - C4, N1 - N4 and F2 after PWHT, if PWHT is required.
2) Shall be performed before and after PWHT, if PWHT is required.
General: 100% visual inspection of all welding seams is required. For evaluation see para .6.1.

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