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Early human travel was motivated by gathering food, trading goods, and avoiding danger. As civilizations developed in Egypt and Greece, the privileged classes traveled to religious sites and monuments for religious purposes and leisure activities. During the Roman Empire, a vast road network enabled travel for both military purposes and pleasure among the elite, with sea resorts and thermal baths as popular destinations. In the Middle Ages, Christian pilgrimages were a main reason for travel, along with some educational trips by wealthy individuals. The Renaissance saw the rise of Grand Tours for education of European nobility. Mass tourism began in the 19th century as industrialization created a middle class with more leisure time. The 20th century brought revolutions in transportation like trains
Early human travel was motivated by gathering food, trading goods, and avoiding danger. As civilizations developed in Egypt and Greece, the privileged classes traveled to religious sites and monuments for religious purposes and leisure activities. During the Roman Empire, a vast road network enabled travel for both military purposes and pleasure among the elite, with sea resorts and thermal baths as popular destinations. In the Middle Ages, Christian pilgrimages were a main reason for travel, along with some educational trips by wealthy individuals. The Renaissance saw the rise of Grand Tours for education of European nobility. Mass tourism began in the 19th century as industrialization created a middle class with more leisure time. The 20th century brought revolutions in transportation like trains
Early human travel was motivated by gathering food, trading goods, and avoiding danger. As civilizations developed in Egypt and Greece, the privileged classes traveled to religious sites and monuments for religious purposes and leisure activities. During the Roman Empire, a vast road network enabled travel for both military purposes and pleasure among the elite, with sea resorts and thermal baths as popular destinations. In the Middle Ages, Christian pilgrimages were a main reason for travel, along with some educational trips by wealthy individuals. The Renaissance saw the rise of Grand Tours for education of European nobility. Mass tourism began in the 19th century as industrialization created a middle class with more leisure time. The 20th century brought revolutions in transportation like trains
Motivators: gathering food, avoiding danger, more favorable climates. Later: trading and bartering of goods. Sprawling empires: Egypt, the privileged travelled to monuments and for relaxation. Greece, They travelled to Delphi in order to question the Oracle. Herodot and research trips , Pausanias: A Guide to Greece. The Greeks contributed with the development of coin currency. Travel mainly for religious purposes and leisure such as early Olympic games. ROME Rome: Around 300 A.D., existed a road network with 90,000 kms and 200,000 kms of smaller rural roads. Mainly military and the elite travelled for pleasure . Sea side resorts, thermal baths and accommodations, and trips to Egypt and Greece. (Prostitution and gambling were also motivators). The decline of the Roman Empire caused the degeneration of many roads. Travel became more difficult, more dangerous and more complicated. Middle ages From 5th to the 14th century Pilgrimages of the Christian era. The monasteries issue and the charity problem. Marco Polos travels, Europe to Asia. 13th century. Books. James Cook trips to Australia and the south pacific region all the way to Hawaii. From the twelfth to the sixteenth century start the educational and experiential trips to achieve self- realization. The Renaissance 14th to the 17th century Desire to broaden ones experience and knowledge First passports were issued but were rendered and re-issued at every post. The Grand Tour (1600s to 1800s) way of educational and cultural attainment of the noble and upper classes. A Guidebook by Thomas Nugent was used. Trips lasted about 3 years and students travelled with an entourage. 19th century travels of the educated middle classes. The Industrial Revolution 1750 - 1850 Pleasure travel supplanted education. New riches (bourgeois vs. aristocrats) Creating the basis for mass tourism Social changes. Societies go from rural to urban. (Agriculture to manufacture) Expansion of the middle class = increase in leisure time. Industrialization, labor rights, beginning of the concept of weekends and vacations. Aristocratic destinations compensated the lack of discretionary income with volume. First travel agent: Thomas Cook (1808-1892) 1st trip 1841 Steam navigation began in Scotland in 1812 Modern tourism The 20th century The revolution of transportation: rail transport for middle class tourism. Model T Ford. World War I: From economic depression to to the regulation of holidays as part of legal agreements on pay. Low income workers slowly have access to forms of travel. 1923, Charles Lindbergh NY to Paris 1st solo flight over the Atlantic. (+33 h) World war II. Post war impact (battlefields and technology, cheaper aircrafts and growth of commercial airlines) 1960s: package holidays by air charters, democratization of overseas traveling for working classes, televisions role. First tourism organizations and club holidays. DC10 and Jumbo jet era Pan Am Boeing 747 NYC to LON in 1970. Mass tourism: Desire+mobility+accesibility+affordability. Development of powerful Tour Operators. The Gulf War and the World Trade Center bombings.