1.

0 Introduction

Environmental and forestry studies have been conducted to collect findings that

are associated with the current condition of the environment and the Environment

Sensitive Area (ESA) in the study area. The issues of environmental and forestry in

terms of causes, and potential impact will be identified to formulate a strategy for control

and prevention of pollution and disaster. Environmental and forestry should be addressed

in development planning in order to strike a balance between development and

environmental sustainability can be achieved as well as the effects of conflict and the

negative side can be avoided.

Objectives

I. To identify the causes of and potential environmental pollution in order to

maintain the environmental balance.

II. To recommends proactive measures for the maintenance, prevention and

mitigation of forming a physical environment that is more conducive; and

III. To propose a development proposal and physical development of

environmental sector and natural resource management that can coordinate

the development.

Scope of study

i. Coastal Area Planning

a. Identify of coastal enviromental sensitive areas

ii. Environmental Quality

A. Identify the level and status of the environment such as water, marine water, air and

noise levels so that changes in environmental quality can be monitored in the future.

iii. Enviromental Sensitive Areas

a. Identify Enviromental Sensitive Areas (ESA) based on the interests of the life-

support, disaster risk and heritage.

Iv. Forest Management

a. Identify the type of forest and its importance in terms of the environment

and to ensure the ecological sustainability of these resources on an ongoing

basis for the benefit of present and future generations.

Policies Related: Draft Selangor State Structure Plan 2035

Policies Comment
MP16 i. Natural Area Preservation Forest,

An integrated Environment Sensitive Area highlands, rivers and water bodies

(ESA) should be gazetted and manage
accordingly to the ESA rank. is preserve in their natural state
MP17
with suitable conservation
Maintaining a permanent reserved forest area
for at least 30% of the total land area of measures and development
Selangor and to be managed as a full
control.
protection zone based on the needs of ii. Coastal development:
Selangor CFC.
MP18 Development of coastal should

Mining activities should be sustainably and focus on sustainable tourism

economically managed
activities.
MP19 iii. Preservation and Conservation of
Selangor coastal area should be planned and
Natural Resources: Forest areas
supervised in line with the approach of
integrated coastal management and National with a slope of over 25 degrees
Physical Plan for coastal area.
including swamps, mines, rivers,
MP20

Activities that have been identified as water lakes , coastal and delta area will
bodies pollution sources require proper control
be preserved and conserve.
and monitoring of a consistent approach in line
iv. Identifying Environmental
with the Integrated river basin management
(IRBM) Sensitive Areas (ESA) ESA will be
MP21
identified and specific guidelines
All water sources and water catchment areas
need to be controlled, managed and protected are provided.
in a sustainable manner in accordance with the v. Improving the Quality of Urban
resolution of ESA life support
Environment and Settlement:
MP22
Measures to control and improve
The area features natural heritage and unique
architecture of the building should be the environmental quality of air,
preserved to form the heritage image of the
city especially in Klang, Kuala Selangor and water quality, noise will be
Kuala Langat District
MP23 implemented.

Environmental quality in urban areas should be

improved to create a healthy, safe,
comfortable and prosperous quality of life

MP24

Integrated planning and management of the

environment should be implemented in a
holistic manner with the involvement,
collaboration and cooperation of all interested
parties (stakeholders)
MP25

River basin will be managed in efficient,

effective and integrated through the
implementation of the integrated river basin
management (IRBM)
MP26

Coastal area will be protected, conserved and

will be use as valuable asset.
MP27

Enhanced management for surface runoff and

integrated, comprehensive and efficient urban
drainage systems available for urban areas
Table 7: Policies Related: Draft Selangor State Structure Plan 2035

2.0 Current Condition

As the end of year 2010, there are a total of 19117.02 acres of permanent

Reserve Forest (PRF) which forms 4.55% of the total state area. The PRF area could be

further divided into 11240.81 acre (58.8%) dry inland forest, 6442.44 acre (33.7%) peat

swamp forests and the remaining 1433.78 acre (7.5%) are mangrove forests.

Although the majority of the PRF is dry inland forests, there are peat swamps

forests which are of national importance in Northern Selangor in its role of carbon
storage and ground water hydrology adjacent to areas critical for rice production.

Mangroves forests which are of national importance especially for aquaculture are

located almost entirely along the coastal areas.

Forests are also serving different purposes such as hold the soil firmly with their

roots which bind with the soil particles and prevent it from erosion. 7.5% of the forest in

District Of Sepang is mangroves. Mangrove forests are generally found along sheltered

coasts of District Of Sepang where they grow abundantly in saline soil and brackish

water. It is vital as a watershed because of the thick humus layer, loose soil, and soil-

retaining powers of the trees' long roots. These mangrove forests are also found to

develop further inland, up to where the tidal influence of the sea can be felt in the rivers

or streams.

In District of Sepang, there are three type of forest which is mangrove and

Permanent Forest Reserve type. Both of it are gazetted as the forest reserve. Figure 2.22

shows map showing the location of forestry. Plus, both of it are consider as Enviromental

Sensitive Areas (ESAs), under Rank 1, which protected area from any physical

development except for certain activities such as for eco-tourism and education and

research activities.
 Figure 2.22: Map showing the location of the forest

2.0 Analysis

Environment

2.1 Current River Water Quality

River water quality in four major rivers that have been carried out in Sg. Sepang and Sg

Langat by taking into account key parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO),

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended

Solids (TSS), pH, nitrate (NO3) and temperature. The concentration of this parameter is
controlled at the maximum level of Class II, Interim National Water Quality Standards

(INWQS) as shown in Table 7.1.1. The sampling results were compared between 2011

and 2014 as shown in Table 7.1.2. Sampling locations for field studies are shown in

Figure 7.1.1.

Table 7.1.1: Interim National Water Quality Standards, Malaysia

STANDARDS
PARAMETER UNIT
IIA/IIB

Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 5-7

Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 3

Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 25

Total Suspended Solid mg/l 50

pH - 6-9

Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/l 0.3

Temperature o
C Normal + 2 oC/-

Source : Department of Environment,Malaysia

*CLASS IIA - Water Supply II Conventional treatment (coagulation, sand filtration and

chlorination) is required. Fishery II sensitive aquatic species.

Clas Air Quality Status Comment

s Index

Water quality is protected with a virtual absence of

impairment; conditions are very close to pristine
levels.
Excellent
I > 92.7

Water quality is protected with a slight presence of

impairment; conditions are close to pristine levels.
II 76.5 - 92.7 Very Good
For aquaculture activities and for water recreation
purpose.

III 51.9 - 76.5 Fair Water quality is usually protected but occasionally
impaired; conditions sometimes depart from
 desirable levels.
*Intensive water treatment is required.

Margi Water quality is frequently impaired; conditions

IV 31.0 - 51.9
nal often depart from desirable levels.

Water quality is almost always impaired; conditions

usually depart from desirable levels.

V < 31.0 Poor

Source : Department of Environment,Malaysia

Parameter Unit Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

Biochemical

Oxygen Demand mg/l <1 1 - 3 3 - 6 6 - 12 > 12

(BOD)

Chemical Oxygen
mg/l < 10 10 - 25 25 - 50 50 - 100 > 100
Demand (COD)

Dilute Oxygen
mg/l >7 5 - 7 3 - 5 1 - 3 < 1
(DO)

pH - >7 6 - 7 5 - 6 < 5 < 5

Total Suspended 150 -

mg/l < 25 25 - 50 50 - 150 > 300
Substances (TSS) 300

Source : Department of Environment,Malaysia

 Sampling Station Inter

im

Wat

er

Qua

lity

Stan
PARAMETER SUNGAI LANGAT (PEKAN SUNGAI SEPANG BESAR SUNGAI SEPANG BESAR dard
DENGKIL) (BAGAN LALANG) (SG PELEK) s

UNIT
(IN

WQ

S)

IIA/II

2012

Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2011 2012 3 2014 2011 2012 2013 2014

1L0 1L0 1L0 1L0 1S0 1S0 1S0 1S0 1S0 1S0 1S0 1S0
Station No
3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02

LATIT 51 51 51 51 36 36 36 36 38 38 38 38

UDE 334 334 334 334 490 490 490 490 906 906 906 906
Coordinate
LONG 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101 101

TITUD 40 40 40 40 42 42 42 42 44 44 44 44

E 876 876 876 876 149 149 149 149 392 392 392 392

_
Ph Value 6.94 6.97 6.82 6.85 7.04 7.22 6.35 6.91 6.30 6.47 6.66 6.53 6-9

Dissolved mg/l
5.46 5.85 5.62 5.37 5.15 5.96 5.62 5.70 4.29 4.25 5.45 5.49 5-7
Oxygen (DO)

Total mg/l

Suspended 186 209 107 116 66 47 31 31 82 53 22 7 50

Solid (TSS)

Table 7.1.2 : Water quality in District of Sepang, 2011 2014

Source: Department of Enviroment Malaysia
2.1.1 Pollutant-based analysis

i. Potential Hydrogen,pH

Parameter pH determining whether a chemical or biological reaction have occurred apart

from determining the degree of toxicity of contaminants in water. Figure 7.1.2 shows a

comparison of the pH value for the year 2011-2014.

pH Value
2011
2012
7.4 2013
7.2
2014

6.8 2010 2011 2012 2013

6.6

6.4

6.2

5.8
Sg. Langat (Pekan Dengkil) Sg. Sepang Besar (Bagan Lalang) Sg. Sepang Besar (Sg. Pelek)

Class 1

Class 2

- pH values reading for all locations are in Class II (pH6 - pH9).

- pH values reading showed a slight decrease from neutral level to acidic level

from year 2011 to 2014.

- Level of acidity increases in three sampling station due to the increasng number

in activity of the population and domestic waste disposal into the river.These area

is among the main settlement which is Pekan Dengkil and Pekan Sungai Pelek.
 - In addition, water acidity increase also due to the construction of a new

development of Bandar Sungai Langat New South Valley (Southville City) which

involving the entire area of 410.53 acres.

ii. Dissolve oxygen, DO

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen dissolved during the photosynthesis

process in the water and showing the absorption rate of oxygen from atmospheric which

can determine the livebility of aquatic species in the water The higher the concentration

of DO, the better the quality of the water. High DO content can be an indicator for clean

water and suitable for breeding aquatic species. Figure 7.1.2 shows a comparison value

of the concentration of DO for years 2011-2014.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 2011

2012
6 2013
2014
5

4
2010 2011 2012 2013

0
Sg. Langat (Pekan Dengkil) Sg. Sepang Besar (Bagan Lalang) Sg. Sepang Besar (Sg. Pelek)

Class 1

Class 2
 - Concentrations reading of dissolved oxygen (DO) for 2014 was not exceed

standard for Class III, INWQS.

- Reading of DO concentration levels for the year 2011-2014 in two sampling

stations ( Sungai Sepang) showed a slight increase while there is a slightly

decrease of DO level recorded at Sungai Langat sampling stations.

- The cause of the decrease in the concentration of DO that have been identified in

the sampling stations (Sungai Langat) is caused by the emission of domestic

sewage / municipal / construction site which flowed directly into the river without

undergoing any prior treatment or treatment methods used are uneffective.

- These domestic waste contain high organic content and have resulted in the DO

dropped because it is needed in the process of decomposition by microorganisms.

iii. Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

Suspended solids in water comprising inorganic materials such as clay, silt and other

particles in the ground; organic particles such as fiber plants and microorganisms

(biology suspended solids), such as algae and bacteria; or materials that are not soluble

in water, which can reduce the aesthetic value of biology water while suspended solids

can cause an outbreak of bacteria and the production of toxic algae. Figure 3.2.5 shows

a comparison of the concentrations of BOD for the year 2011-2014.

 Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
2011
2012
250
2013
2014
200

150

100

50

0
Sg. Langat (Pekan Dengkil) Sg. Sepang Besar (Bagan Lalang) Sg. Sepang Besar (Sg. Pelek)

Class 1

Class 2

- TSS reading in 2014 at station ( Sungai Langat) showed the highest reading

which recorded at 116 mg / l (Class III), while the lowest was in (Sungai Sepang)

with the value of 7mg / l (Class 1) followed by station in ( Sungai Sepang) with

recorded at 31 mg / l (Class II).

- The BOD readings from 2012 to 2014 recorded a decrease in the concentration

of BOD at the station involved. However, only stations (Sungai Sepang) situated

on the class I and II with a "excellent" and "very good" status, while the station

(Sungai Langat) are in class III with "fair" polluted.

 - The BOD readings can be categorized as very satisfactory although there are

some activities that could potentially be a source of pollution such as municipal

activities but still be within the class I and II in (Sungai Sepang).

- Reading at the station (Sungai Langat) showed a decline but the result of siltation

is still high and resulting in high turbidity and sedimentation problems in streams

emanating cause from riverbank erosion, land clearing and current construction

project.

Potential Causes of Water Pollution

The problem of water pollution is caused by a variety of activities within and outside of

the area, the identified sources that can degrade water quality are domestic wastewater,

unefficiency sewage treatment plants, industrial effluent, waste water from commercial

areas, waste from construction area and agriculture.In District of Sepang,the activities

that have been identified as contributors to water pollution in the study area consists of

the following sources: -

i. Domestic/mucipal Sewage

- The main settlement areas in the Sepang District that near to the river is Pekan

Dengkil,Pekan Salak,Pekan Sg.Pelek and Bagan Lalang. Domestic waste from this

area is discharged directly into the river without any treatment will cause water

pollution. Most of the settlements are also still do not have adequate sewage

treatment system such as septic tank system to manage their waste

systematically. Their domestic waste discharged directly into the river without any

treatment. The remaining untreated domestic sewage containing coliform bacteria

that are harmful to health. In addition, domestic sewage contains high organic

content, which causes the dissolved oxygen decreases as required in the process

of decomposition by microorganisms.Therefore it will affect the DO level in that

affected river.
 Figure 1: Domestic waste from main settlement area discharged directly into the river

- The grey water that contain suspended solids, oil and grease and even acid are

directly discharge into streams. The presence of food stalls near the river also

contributes to this problem because most of the stall do not have the correct

piping system.

Figure 2: Food stall that near to the river with improper piping system use by the
vendor

ii. Industrial Effluents

 The effects of untreated industrial effluent will cause the changes in water quality that

result in turbidity,smell pollution and increasing of heavy metal partical discharge into

the water body.

The industrial sector in District of Sepang consists of medium and small medium

industries (SMIs). The industry is concentrated in the sub-district and industrial area in

Dengkil that located near to the river which is Sepang Taman Mas, Meranti Industrial

park and Tanjung Balai Industrial area. Currently,only Taman Mas Sepang and Tanjung

Balai have the industrial center treatment that will treat wastewater from the industry

activities.

Figure 3: Industrial waste in Taman Mas

In Meranti Utama industrial park does not have a treatment center for industrial

development in that area because the size of the industry are not in large scale.

Futhermore, the presence of the workshops of vehicles and machinery, especially the

area near to the river also led to an increase in oil and grease contaminants flowing into

the drainage channel without having oil and grease traps before discharge. It can be

seen in Pekan Dengkil and Pekan Salak.

There are also cement mixer industrial activities and a brickyard near to the rivers that

can affect the quality of river water as effluent is discharged directly into the drainage

channels and streams without treatment pond. Industrial activities can be seen in the
 Figure 4: Vehicles workshop in Pekan Dengkil

area of Kota Warisan, Pekan Dengkil and Pekan Salak which near to the Sg.Langat and

Sg. Labu.

iii. Agriculture activity

The main agricultural activities in the district of Sepang is a commodity crops such as

palm oil, which is concentrated in the soutth Dengkil district,Labu district and Sepang

district.The Uses of fertilizer that contains high ammonia will raise the pH value.

Fertilizers for oil palm plantations can directly contribute to water pollution if waste

flowed directly into the drainage system.Chemical from chemical fertilizers will reduce

the efficiency of chlorine to kill bacteria and is toxic to fish.

iv. Livestock Waste

If livestock waste discharged directly into watercourse it will resulted in increasing value

in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Ammoniacal-nitrogen, the bacteria E.coli and

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in water body. Discharge of accumulated waste and

livestock straightly to the drainage system will cause the particles stuck in a river.Thus it

will interupt the marine ecology and habitat.

 Figure 5: Livestock waste in Ladang Tumbuk

v. Solid Waste and Landfill (Tanjung 12 & Dengkil Sisa Binaan)

If disposal of solid waste such as garbage thrown into the watercourse irregular will

result in limited availability of the clean sources and also will leads to flash floods. It will

also contributes to the problems of vector animal breeding such as rats and flies.

Inefficient landfill will also cause pollution problem such as smell pollution.

*Vector includes any insect or other arthropod, rodent or other animal capable of

transmitting the causative agents of human disease, or disrupting the normal enjoyment

of life by adversely affecting the public health and well being.

Inert landfill is one of the method that have been used by MPS to overcome illegal

dumping area in Jenderam Hilir Dengkil.

Figure 6: Illegal dumping site clearance done by MPS in Jenderam Hilir,Dengkil

vi. Aquaculture activities

Sepang District aquaculture activities focused on fish and shrimp farming. Poor

management of aquaculture will cause environmental pollutants such as untreated

waste products from aquaculture discharged into rivers. In addition, the use of waste

products such as chicken intestines may cause accumulation of oil in the water. The uses

of chemical that are not suitable may affected the water quality and existing

ecosystems.
Figure 7: Aquaculture activities in Bagan Lalang
 *Map showing the location of potetial source of pollution

Air quality

For the analysis of air quality levels, DOE Malaysia used secondary data available to get

the latest air quality levels. Currently, the DOE Malaysia has no air quality monitoring

stations that recorded air quality level in district of Sepang. The closest air sampling

stations located at the distance of 25 km in Banting, 8 km in Putrjaya and 30 km in

Petaling Jaya .

Current Indicators of Air Pollution Index (API) reported by Department of Enviroment

stated that the average at the nearest air sampling station in Putrajaya is at good and
moderate level. Table 3 show air quality in nearest station for year 2010 and

2014.District of Sepang is also experiencing the haze problems as elsewhere in Malaysia

that has reached its highest reading of 250 (very unhealthy) and it also gives an

simmilar effect to the study area. Figure 3 shows air quality standards.

Table 3 show air quality in nearest station for year 2010 and 2014

Air Sampling Station

Parameter Unit Putrajaya Banting

2010 2014 2010 2014

Particulate Matter,
g/m3 37.77 46.41 46.45 60.13
PM10

Source: Department of Environment,Malaysia

Normally, industrial pollution and air quality level is often associated with the

construction activities (release particulate matter PM10) and transport (release

particulate matter and carbon dioxide emissions from motor vehicles). Analysis indicated

that the industrial sector is concentrated in the northern and central of Sepang which is

Meranti Jaya Industrial Park ,Sepang Taman Mas , Meranti Industrial Park , Meranti

Perdana Industrial Park, Selangor Science Park 2 and Tanjung Industrial Park. However,

it could be considered industrial activities carried out do not pollute the air quality of the

Air Quality Index Air Pollution Level Health Implications

0 - 50 Good Air quality is considered

satisfactory, and air pollution
poses little or no risk

51 -100 Moderate Air quality is acceptable;

however, for some pollutants
there may be a moderate
health concern for a very small
number of people who are
unusually sensitive to air
 pollution.

101-150 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Members of sensitive groups

may experience health effects.
The general public is not likely
to be affected.
101-150 Unhealthy Everyone may begin to
experience health effects;
members of sensitive groups
may experience more serious
health effects
201-300 Very Unhealthy Health warnings of emergency
conditions. The entire
population is more likely to be
affected.
201-300 Hazardous Health alert: everyone may
experience more serious health
effects

area. Results show that the air quality does not exceed the limit set in the Recommended

Malaysian Air Quality Standards and do not beyond the level of danger.

Figure 3: Malaysia Air Quality Standards

Source : Department of Enviroment,Malaysia

Forestry

Enviromental Sensitive Area, ESA

Forest reserves areas in District of Sepang are 19117.02 acres which forms 4.55% of the

total state area. These forests have an important function to Sepang as it not only acts
as a watershed area, habitat and bio-diversity protection, but it is also important for

recreation, tourism, research and education.

Wetlands are integral component of the environment and it is valuable environmental

resource. Nowadays, wetlands are highly affected by the current trend in urbanisation

process due to high rate of population increase that leads to high demand of land for

development. However, many areas along the coastal area have been approved for

development and encroachment into these mangrove areas has threatened the marine

and terrestrial environment of this unique vegetation.

Area that are Function of these Areas Total ESA Rank Policy
environmental Sensitive Area Guidelines

(Acre)
Forest Reserves - Watershed area 11240.8 Rank 1 No
- Erosion protection 1 developmen
- Kuala Langat - Recreation, Tourism t allowed,
Reserve Forest and Culture
- Mangroves agriculture
- Habitat Protection and
Forest along and logging
Biodiversity
Sg.Sepang Besar permitted
- Climate Benefits
& Sg.Sepang except low-
- Education/Research
Kecil impact
nature
tourism,
research
and
education.
River - Shoreline Stabilisation 6442.44 Rank 2 No
- Storm Protection developmen
- Sg. Labu, Sg. - Micro-climate All other
t or
Langat, Sg. stabilisation forest
agriculture
Semenyih, Sg. - Ground water (non-
allowed.
Rasau, Sg. recharge and gazette
Sustainable
Sepang Besar & discharge forest,
logging and
Sg. Sepang Kecil - Flood and flow control mangrove
- low impact
- Sediment and nutrient forest)
nature
retention 500 m
Highland tourism
- Biomass Productivity Buffer
- Sungai and Resilience may be
Zone
Merab,Jenderam - Provide buffer permitted
around
,Labu Lanjut between the marine subject to
Rank 1
and terrestrial local
areas
environment constraints.
Corridors
Peat swamp - Habitat Protection
linking
- Shoreline Prevention
- Taman Mas protected
and Protection
Sepang,PulauMe areas.
ranti ,Selangor Contours
Cyber between
 Valley,Bukit 300m to
Damar, Labu 1000m
Lanjut,Pekan
Salak,Sepang
Agro Tech
Park,Kg. Ulu
Teris.

Water body consisting of - Location along rivers 1433.78 Rank 3 Controlled

existing rivers and lakes, where surface water developmen
Catchmen
including tailings is abstracted for water t where the
t for
supply type and
* All levels of major water
- Provide raw water for intensity of
rivers intakes
water supply for developmen
500 m
* Forest area domestic and t shall be
Buffer
commercial strictly
watershed - To ensure treatability Zone For
controlled
of water for usage Rank 2
* Tailings in Dengkil depending
- To ensure sufficient Contour
on nature of
quantity for water between
the
supply and dilution 150m to
constraints.
purposes 300m
Any
- To ensure sufficient
proposed
water to sustain
developmen
ecosystem
t is
subjected to
detail EIA.
3.0 Issue and problem

Environmental issues

Two major scenarios reflected the issue are the development of Pantai Bagan Lalang and

Sepang Gold Coast. In both projects, local peoples lands are reclaimed and sold to the

developers. Under this procurement, the land that was previously reserved for native can

now be occupied by the non-native, outsiders and foreigners. Pantai Bagan Lalang was

formerly served as the traditional landing point for local fishermen. In recent years, the

beach has been developed and transformed into moderate resort facilities until recently,

it has been commercially developed into a more sophisticated recreational facilities to

accommodate the surrounding developments especially Sepang Gold Coast. Sepang Gold

Coast is a systematic, elite housing estate covering approximately 600 hectares land

area. The whole process resulted in losing control of environment protection area along

the ESA area and water erosion. Water erosion is resulted from the removal of soil

material by flowing water. A part of the process is the detachment of soil material by the

impact of raindrops. The soil material is suspended in runoff water and carried away.

Environmental issues

highlighted are

pollution and

environmental disaster resulted

Figure 1: The development of Sepang Figure 2: Water erosion along the
Gold Coast Sepang Gold Coast area
from improper development. There are two pollution raised which is water pollution
resulted from construction waste and live stock waste. Another form of pollution is noise

pollution has rarely being mention by the local.

There are two major sources of water pollution in this area, the construction waste and

livestock waste discharge. Like other developing area, Sepang is exposed to devastating

rising amount of construction waste. The waste is not properly managed with most of it

is dumped into surrounding waters.

Figure 3: Illegal construction waste Figure 4: Livestock waste discharge

site in Taman Mas to water body in Ladang Tumbuk

This irresponsible action not only will pollute the water but it could also be life

threatening to living organisms as well. Indirectly, this condition will affect communities

who depend on this ecosystem for living such as the fishing communities.

Another significant source of water pollution is pig farming discharge. Sepang was once

became a major producer of pig livestock in Selangor, Malaysia, and contributed much

towards the economic development of this area. However, it was also the major polluter

towards the surrounding water body. The pollution was resulted from direct disposal of

discharge into drains or stream interconnected with the river system in this area.

According to the local, the farms were operated in Sepang for number of years until

recently moved to adjacent district. However, the previously discharge disposal remain in

the water body while the new discharge still reach this area through connecting streams

and rivers. Apart from degraded water quality, this pollution also produced smell
pollution. The affected water is dark in colour and smelly, which disturbed the public

deeply.

Together with the increasing amount of suspended particulate matter from growing

construction areas, the atmospheric pollution in this area is getting worse. The pollution

is not confined in the construction area

only but also is transported to other area.

The situation affects local

well-being and the

Figure 8: Adjacent water body Figure 9: Drains/stream

environment. Therefore some measures interconnected with the river system

should be taken to inhibit further deterioration.

Apart from pollution, there are also another environmental issue that is related to

development such as environmental disaster. The major form of environmental disaster

in this area is flash flood.

The incidents of flash flood becoming more frequent lately with expanding devastating

effect. The flash flood is resulted from the increasing built area and the shallower of

river. Increasing built area leave lesser natural bed to absorb running water. The

increasing built areas also reduce the amount of vegetative to hold the soil which

resulted in the shallower of the river. The shallower rivers become incapable to retain the

water in its capacity and causing the flood.

Overall, the environment quality is very important in pursuing human well-being. These

environmental problems that resulted from improper development should be properly

manage from the beginning stage so it will not bring adverse effect to the environment
and people. Therefore, every development plan should anticipate every possibilities and

implications and designed to minimize defect and destruction along the way.

4.0 Recommendations

Development is fast encroaching into the ESA and this is threatening the bio-diversity of

the areas. Thus, control measures need to be enforced in order to protect these special

areas namely those around the Hulu Langat Reserve Forest. The increase in aquaculture

activities in Bagan Lalang must now be limited and controlled so as not to disturb the

area further.

1. Strict regulations and surveillance should be imposed on the farming activities to

mitigate pollution.

i. Conserving enviromental sensitive areas according to ESA rank.

a. Conserve enviromental sensitive areas (Rank 1) as a fully protected area.

There should have no municipal development activities, agricultural or
logging permitted unless the activities have minimal impact as eco-tourism,
research and education.

The area includes:

- Permanent forest reserves. An ungazetted permanent forest reserve is not

allowed in order to preserve forest watersheds and biodiversity.
- Mountainous areas (> 1,000 meters).
- Regions slope exceeds 35 degrees
b. Retain enviromental sensitive areas (Rank 2). There should not any
municipal development activities and agriculture permitted in this area
except low impact logging and sustainable tourism.
The areas include:
- High ground (300m - 1000m)
- The area between the slope exceeds 26-35
- Permanent Food Production Crop Area (TKPM) - Only permitted for food
agriculture
c. Controlling development activities in enviromental sensitive areas Rank 3.
Development activities of municipal and agricultural development are allowed
 if it is comply with the development control where the local physical barriers
should be taking into consideration.
These areas include:
- Sinkholes area
- The former mine area
- The coastal area of major rivers
- Aquaculture farming area
- Recreation area and tourism

5.0 Sectoral summary

In conclusion, the enviroment quality has degraded along seasonal change as

agricultural activities and other unsustainable development undertakings have occured

along the estuary. As a result, the impact of these activities may cause some

environmental problem to river and adjacent areas by changing the areas hydrological

characteristics.

In tandem with Sepangs rapid economic growth, the government have

implemented measures to address environmental problem to ensure that productivity an

economic growth were not compromised in the long term. Several institution

mechanisms and programmes were put in places to combat environmental pollution as

well as conserve natural resources. There should be a strict regulations and surveillance

imposed on the farming activities to mitigate such pollution.

Furthermore, air and water pollution, whether they arise out of industries,

transportation, construction of dams, airports and highways , or resulting from forest,

agriculture, rivers, local land use, open burning and sanitation, which are endanger the

same environment throughout a certain state or even the country. Air pollution and

haze, for instance, is attributed to industries and transportation, open burning or forest

fire. Similarly, the sources of river pollution are varied. Rivers are polluted by suspended

solids, largely from land development activities, housing and urban development,

industrial discharges, siltation caused by deforestation and indiscriminate cutting of

trees, sewage and agricultural farms. Industrial discharges and domestic sewage are

identified as the two major sources of water pollution.