BTech(Information&CommunicationTechnology)

IIndSemesterCoreCourse

CT111:IntroductiontoCommunicationSystems

Lab6

TDMandRZ,NRZ,ManchesterEncoding

(1).(TobecarriedoutinPSpice)

UnderstandingofbasicTcarrierintroducedbyAT&BellLabs(T1:1.544Mbps,T2:6.312Mbps)

Control bit Data

(1bit)

In a computer network, the computer communicates with each other using packets. Packets can be
consideredtobeblocksofdatasendwithaprefixblockknownasheader.Theheaderconsistsofcontrol
bits which are needed by the receiver to process the packet. A computer communicates over the
internetusingpacketscalledInternetProtocol(IP)packets.Theformatofthepacketisasshownbelow,

32 bit control Source
Destination Data
bits address address

TheIPaddressisusuallyspecifiedindotteddecimalformat,forexample10.100.22.32.Thecomputer
processesthisaddressasabinarynumber.Thetotallengthoftheaddresswouldbe32bits.

Theaimofthisexperimentistogeneraterandombinarynumbersusingafourbitcounter(Figure2)
and consider the data generated to be an IP packet. For simplicity, ignore the 32bit control bits.
Consider the first 32 bits generated to be the source address and the next 32 bits to be destination
address.Therestofthebitsconsistoftheactualdatatobetransmitted.

TimeDivisionmultiplexing(TDM):

Itisatypeofdigital(orrarelyanalog)multiplexinginwhichtwoormorebitstreamsorsignalsare
transferredappearingsimultaneouslyassubchannelsinonecommunicationchannel.

Figure1
GenerateTDMasgivenbelow:

TaketwoVPULSEsourcefromthecomponentlist.
Keeprisetimeandfalltimeas0.01sforboththesources.
KeepV1=0VandV2=3Vforboththesources.
KeepONtime(PulseWidthPW)as30sandtotaltimeperiod(PER)as2ms.
KeepdelaytimeforfirstVPULSEsourceas0.1msandsecondVPULSEsourceas0.2ms.
CombineboththesourcestoseetheTimeDivisionMultiplexed(TDM)data.
DoTransientAnalysisandassignfinaltime=1ms.

DesignrandomnumbergeneratorasshowninFigure2:

Figure2Randomnumbergenerator

ConfigurationNote:

ForDSTMclock,typeDigClockincomponentselectionsection.
GotoAnalysis>Setup>MarkBiaspointdetailandTransient.
ClickonDigitalSetup>TimingMode:Typical,DefaultA/DInterface:Level1,
FilpFlopInialization:All1.
Clickontransient>Finaltime=10ms.

(2)ImplementNRZandRZencodersinPSpiceasshowninFigures3and4respectively.
[Theinputdataistherandomnumbers(IPpacket)generatedinthepreviousexperiment.

Figure3NRZencoder


Figure4RZencoder









Figure5NRZFigure6RZ

(3)Manchestercoding,thestandardchoiceforethernet,isshowninFigure8.Itusesonlytwolevels
having opposite signs and the same magnitude. 0 is transmitted as a positive voltage for half a bit
followedbyanegativevoltageforhalfabit,and1istransmittedasanegativevoltageforhalfabit
followed by a positive voltage for half a bit. As a result, every bit has a transition at the bit centre: a
HIGHLOWtransitionfora0andaLOWHIGHtransitionfora1.

ImplementManchesterencoderinLTSpiceasshowninFigure7.

Figure7Manchesterencoder

a) Findtheworstcasebandwidththisencodercansupport.b)Observethespectrum.

Figure8ManchesterCoding

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