Section A

Bahagian A
[60 marks)
[60 markah)

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan model mozek bendalir membran plasma.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
a) Name the structures labelled P, Q and R.
Namakan struktur berlabel P,Q dan R.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

b) Explain the transport of substances by Q and R.

Terangkan pengangkutan bahan-bahan oleh Q dan R.

Q : __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

R : __________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
c) Diagram 1.2 shows the condition of red blood cells of a person with diabetes mellitus.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan keadaan sel darah merah seorang pesakit diabetes mellitus.

Sugar
Gula

Red blood cell

Sel Darah merah

Diagram 1.2
Diagram 1.2

Explain the effect of high blood sugar level on the red blood cells of a person with
diabetes mellitus.
Terangkan kesan aras gula dalam darah yang tinggi pada sel darah merah pesakit
diabetes mellitus.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
d) In an activity, a student places the marine fish in fresh water.
Predict what happens to the marine fish.
Explain your answer.
Dalam satu aktiviti, seorang pelajar meletakkan seekor ikan laut ke dalam air tawar.
Ramalkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada ikan itu?
Jelaskan jawapan anda.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
2. Diagram 2 shows human respiratory system.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sistem respirasi manusia.

Diagram 2.0

X
XX

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

a) Name structures Y and Z.

Namakan struktur Y dan Z.

Y : _________________________________________________________________

Z : _________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
b) Gaseous exchange in human takes place in Z.
Explain the adaptations of Z in the human respiratory system to maximise the rate of
gases exchange.
Pertukaran gas pada manusia berlaku di X.
Terangkan adaptasi struktur X pada sistem respirasi manusia bagi memaksimumkan
kadar pertukaran gas.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
c) Diagram 2.2 shows gaseous exchange between the alveolus and the blood capillary
and between the blood capillary and body tissues in human lungs.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan pertukaran gas diantara alveolus dan kapilari darah dan
diantara kapilari darah dan tisu badan di peparu manusia.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

Describe how carbon dioxide is transported from the body tissue to the alveoli?
Huraikan bagaimana karbon dioksida diangkut daripada tisu badan ke alveolus?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
 d) Diagram 2.3 shows a schematic diagram of the regulatory mechanism to maintain the
carbon dioxide content in the human body.
Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan satu gambarajah skema mekanisma pengawalaturan untuk
mengekalkan kandungan karbon dioksida di dalam badan manusia.

Carotid bodies
Jasad karotid

Aortic bodies
Jasad aortik

Carbon dioxide concentration

in the body increases
Kepekatan karbon dioksida
dalam badan meningkat
Diagram 2.3
Rajah 2.3

Based on Diagram 2.3, explain what happens to the regulatory mechanism when
partial pressure of carbon dioxide contents increases during a vigorous activity?
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.3, terangkan apakah berlaku kepada mekanisme
pengawalaturan apabila tekanan separa karbon dioksida di dalam tubuh manusia
meningkat semasa aktiviti cergas?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
3. Diagram 3.1 shows the structure of a chloroplast of a plant cell.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan struktur kloroplas sel tumbuhan.

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
a) Name P and Q.
Namakan P dan Q.

P : __________________________________________________________________

Q : __________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
b) i) P and Q are the sites for photosynthesis.
Explain the process that occurs at P and Q.
P dan Q adalah tapak fotosintesis.
Terangkan proses tersebut yang berlaku di P dan Q.

P : ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Q : ________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

c) Enzymes are biological molecules (proteins) that act as catalysts in biochemical

reactions in cell.
Explain the effect of enzyme ATPase inhibitor on dark reaction.
Enzim adalah molekul biologi (protein) yang bertindak sebagai pemangkin dalam
tindak balas biokimia sel.
Terangkan kesan enzim perencat ATPase pada tindak balas gelap.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
 [4 markah]
d) Graph 1 shown the compensation point of plants.
Graf 1 menunjukkan titik pampas an tumbuhan.
Compensation
Rate of point
photosynthes Titik pampas
is an

Low High Light intensity

Rendah Tinggi Keamatan cahaya
Graph 1
Graf 1

Light intensity influenced the rate of photosynthesis.

Explain the relationship between light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis at
compensation point in the aspect of crop yield.
Keamatan cahaya mempengaruhi kadar fotosintesis.
Terangkan perhubungan antara keamatan cahaya dan kadar fotosintesis di titik
pampas an dari aspek penghasilan tanaman.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
4. Diagram 4 shows part of a female reproductive system.
The development of zygote and implantation occurs in this system.
Diagram 4 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sistem pembiakan perempuan.
Perkembangan zigot dan penempelan berlaku dalam sistem ini.

Zygote
Zigot

Fertilisation
Persenyawaan
Uterus wall
Dinding uterus

Ovary Implantation
Ovari Penempelan
 Diagram 4
Rajah 4

(a) Based on Diagram 4, explain the development of zygote after fertilisation until
implantation.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4,terangkan perkembangan zigot selepas persenyawaan hingga
penempelan.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b) Placenta is an organ by which embryo is attached onto the uterus wall. It is made of
embryonic and maternal tissues from the uterine wall.
Explain the importance of placenta to the development of foetus.
Placenta ialah organ dimana embrio melekatkan ke dinding uterus. Ia diperbuat
daripada tisu embrio dan ibunya daripada dinding uterus.
Terangkan kepentingan plasenta untuk perkembangan fetus.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(c) Diagram 4.1 shows the formation of two pairs of twins.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pembentukkan pasangan kembar.

Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

i) Explain the formation of Siamese twins.

Terangkan kejadian kembar siam.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

ii) Rosmah and Rosnah are twin which have similar appearances and gender but their
classmate Ahmad and Abu, which also twin but having difference appearances
even though in the same gender.
Explain the differences between identical twins and fraternal twins.
Rosmah dan Rosnah adalah kembar yang mempunyai rupa dan jantina yang sama
tetapi rakan sekelas mereka juga adalah kembar tetapi tidak memiliki wajah yang
sama walaupun jantina mereka adalah sama.
Terangkan perbezaan di antara kembar seiras dengan kembar tak seiras.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
5. Diagram 5, shows how the variation of blood group is inherited by the offspring.
The types of blood group are A, B, AB and O. The alleles that control the types of blood
group are I, I and I.
Complete Diagram 5 to show the alleles of the gametes and the genotypes of the
offspring, if the father is blood group A and the mother is of blood group B,
Rajah 5, menunjukkan bagaimana variasi kumpulan darah diwarisi oleh anak-anak.
Jenis-jenis kumpulan darah adalah A, B, AB dan O. Alel-alel yang mengawal jenis
kumpulan darah adalah I, I dan I.
Lengkapkan Rajah 5, untuk menunjukkan alel bagi gamet dan genotip bagi anak, jika
bapa mempunyai kumpulan darah A dan ibu mempunyai kumpulan darah B.

Bapa Ibu
Father Mother

Parental genotype I I X I I
Genotip induk

Gametes
Gamet

Offspring genotype
Genotip anak
Diagram 5
Rajah 5
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
b) Explain what is the phenotype ratio of the offspring.
Terangkan apakah kebarangkalian fenotip anak.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
c) Which offspring can become:
Anak yang manakah akan menjadi:

i) a universal donor :
penderma sejagat:

___________________________________________________________________

ii) the universal recipient?

penerima sejagat:

___________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
 Explaination:
Penerangan:

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

d) A man with Rhesus factor in his blood is Rh-positive. His wife who does not have Rh-
positive. His wife who does not have Rhesus factor in her blood is Rh-negative. Their first
child who is Rh-positive survives but their second child who is also Rh-positive does not
survive.
Seorang lelaki yang mempunyai faktor rhesus dalam darahnya ialah Rh-positif. Isterinya
yang tidak mempunyai faktor rhesus dalam darahnya ialah rhesus negatif. Anak pertama
mereka yang Rh-positif dapat hidup tetapi anak kedua mereka juga Rh-positif tidak dapat
hidup.

i) Explain the complication faced by the foetus during the second pregnancy.
Terangkan komplikasi yang dihadapi oleh fetus semasa kehamilan kali kedua.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

ii) State one treatment the wife should undergo to avoid the complication in d(i)
Nyatakan satu rawatan yang boleh dijalani oleh siisteri untuk mengelakkan
komplikasi di d(i).

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
 Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6. a) Plants `breathe too, but they do it through tiny openings in leaves called stomata.
Stomata open and close to allow the intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen
during photosynthesis.
Explain the opening and closing of stomata.
Tumbuhan juga bernafas, tetapi ia melakukannya melalui bukaan kecil dalam daun
yang dikenali stomata. Stomata buka dan tutup untuk membenarkan pengambilan
karbon dioksida dan membebaskan oksigen semasa fotosintesis.
Terangkan pembukaan dan penutupan stomata.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
b) Diagram 6 shows the movement of water molecules in a plant.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan pergerakan molekul air dalam tumbuhan.

Upper epidermis
Epidermis atas

Spongy mesophyll
Mesofil span

Lower epidermis
Stoma Epidermis bawah
Stoma

Water molecule
Molekul air

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

Explain how water molecules move from the root to the leaf in the plant and then moves out
into the atmosphere.
Terangkan bagaimana pergerakan molekul air dari akar ke daun dalam tumbuhan dan
seterusnya keluar ke atmosfera.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
c) Diagram 6.3 shows the human circulatory system and lymphatic system.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dan sistem limfa manusia.

Body Blood
cell Darah
Sel badan
Lymph
vessel
Salur
limfa
Venul
Vena

Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2

Explain how tissue fluid is formed from blood until it is brought back into the blood
circulatory system.
Terangkan bagaimana bendalir tisu terbentuk daripada darah sehingga masuk semula ke
dalam sistem peredaran darah.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]
7. Diagram 7 shows a germination of seed.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan percambahan biji benih.

Diagram 7
Rajah 7
a) Explain the effects of auxin on the growth response in shoot.
Terangkan kesan auksin keatas gerak balas pertumbuhan pada pucuk.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
 b) Discuss the hormonal imbalance which cause diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.
Bincangkan ketidakseimbangan hormon yang menjadi penyebab diabetes mellitus dan
diabetes insidus.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

c) Diagram 7.1(a) and 7.1(b) shown the sigmoid growth curve and staircase growth
curve.
Rajah 7.1(a) dan 7.1(b) adalah graf menunjukkan pertumbuhan belalang dan keluk
sigmoid pertumbuhan suatu organisma.

Height(cm) Body height (mm)

Tinggi(cm) Panjang badan (mm)

Nymph
Nimfa

Ecdysis
Ekdisis Time (days) Age (years)
Masa(hari) Umur (tahun)

Compare between sigmoid growth curve and staircase growth curve.

Bandingkan keluk pertumbuhan sigmoid dan keluk pertumbuhan tangga.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

8. Diagram 8, shows a t-shirts that was stained. The t-shirts washed with washing powder
that contains enzyme X.
Rajah 8, menunjukkan sehelai baju yang terkena kotoran. Baju itu telah dibasuh
menggunakan serbuk pencuci yang mengandungi bio-enzim.

Before washing After washing

Sebelum cuci Selepas cuci
Explain how to increase the effectiveness of bio-enzymes in washing detergents.
Terangkan bagaimana untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan bio-enzim dalam serbuk
pencuci.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

b) Diagram 8.2 shows food pyramid of imbalance diet.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan piramid makanan pada gizi tidak seimbang.

Vegetables and fruits

Sayur-sayuran dan
buah-buahan

Meat, fish, egg, beans

and milk products
Daging,ikan, telur, kekacang
dan barangan tenusu

Fat, sugar and salt

Lemak, gula dan garam

Grains
Bijirin

Diagram 8.2
Rajah 8.2

Explain the long term impact of taken imbalance diet as shown in the above pyramid
to an individuals health.
Terangkan kesan pengambilan gizi yang tidak seimbang pada satu jangkamasa
panjang seperti ditunjukan piramid di atas keatas kesihatan individu.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]
9. a) Diagram 9.1 shows mangrove plants with several adaptations to live in the intertidal
area.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan tumbuhan paya bakau dengan beberapa adaptasi untuk hidup
di kawasan yang mengalami pasang surut.

Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1

Based on Diagram 9.1, state the problems faced by the mangrove plant and explain the
adaptive characteristics to overcome the problems.
Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1, nyatakan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi oleh tumbuhan paya
bakau dan terangkan ciri adaptasi untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah tersebut.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

b) Diagram 9.2 shows a green house effects phenomenon.

Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan fenomena kesan rumah hijau.

Sun
Matahari

Layer of atmosphere
Lapisan atmosfera
Heat from the
sun reflected by the Earth
Haba daripada matahari dipantulkan
oleh bumi

Diagram 9.2
Rajah 9.2
Discuss ways to overcome the green house effect.
Bincangkan cara-cara untuk mengatasi kesan rumah hijau.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]