10 Hypothesis The thicker the convex lens, the shorter the focal length

a)
1. Aim To study the relationship between the thickness of convex lens and the focal
length
2. Variables Manipulated : the thickness of convex lens
Responding ; the focal length
Constant : the distance of object
3. Apparatus and One thick convex lens, one thin convex lens, lens holder, white screen, a metre
material ruler and an object
4 Procedure
Sila lukis diagram pada mukasurat 118 workbook awak sekarang dalam masa 5
minit

1.the apparatus and materials were set up as shown in the diagram.

2. the white screen is adjusted until a sharp image of a distance object is
formed on it
3.the focal length, f, that is the distance between the centre of the lens and the
screen is measured and recorded.
4.step 2 and 3 are repeated by using different thickness of convex lens

5 Tabulation of the thickness of convex lens the focal length

data thick
thin

11. a)

Advantages Disadvantages
Produces and supply Very Expensive
large and constant
current
It is rechargeable, The electrolyte (acid) may spill
basically over 500 times
Long shelf life Distilled water need to be added
b)

1. Identify the The iron spoons become rusty easily

problem
2 The method By conducting electroplating on iron spoons using silver solution
used
3 Explanation of 1. Rust is removed from the surface of iron spoon by polishing it
the method with sand paper
2. The apparatus and materials were set up as shown in the
diagram. The iron spoon is the cathode whereas the silver
nitrate plate is the anode. Silver nitrate solution is used as the
electrolyte
 3. The current flow is set at constant by adjusting the rheostat.
4. Iron spoon is rotated regularly to get an even electroplating.
5. Electroplated spoon is immersed in distilled water and then
dried (after completing the electroplating)

12. a)
Short term effect
The exposure to a high dose of
radiation may cause malaise,
nausea, loss of appetite and
vomiting
The exposure to a high dose of
radiation also causes bone marrow
suppression or gastroenteritis.
Radiation may result in internal
bleeding, infertility and premature
ageing. It may also increase the risk
of forming malignant tumours.
Long term effect
Radioactive radiation can kill
body cells and cause mutation.
All radiation induced mutation is
harmful and its effects persist in
successive generation.
Foetal deformation or death of
the babies may also occur if
pregnant woman is exposed to
radioactive radiation
Exposure to radioactive radiation
can also hinder the growth
process and cell division in our
body, leading to cancer such as
leukimia.

b)
1. Identification Workers are exposed to radioactive rays
of problem
2. Clarification of Radioactive substances are dangerous but there are still workers
the problem who handle these substances without complying with safety
precautions
3. Method to 1. Only trained and experienced people should be allowed to
solve the handle radioactive substances
problem 2. Never handle radioactive substances with bare hand. Instead,
use a pair of forceps or robotic arm
3. Workers who handle radioactive substances should wear badges
called dosimeters to ensure that the workers are not overexposed
to radioactive radiation.
4. Workers working in high risk radioactive areas should work
behind a protective shield such as lead to avoid the exposure to
radioactive radiation
5. Radioactive wastes are stored in thick concrete or lead
containers because radiation from the wastes is unable to
penetrate through these thick containers
6. No food or drinks should be allowed in areas containing
radioactive substances as it may become contaminated with
radioactive dust.