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1927

This article is about the year 1927. For the Australian 1.2 February
band, see 1927 (band).
Main article: February 1927
1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Sat-
urday (dominical letter B) of the Gregorian calendar, the
1927th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini February Werner Heisenberg formulates his fa-
(AD) designations, the 927th year of the 2nd millennium, mous uncertainty principle while employed as a lec-
the 27th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year of the turer at Niels Bohr's Institute for Theoretical Physics
1920s decade. at the University of Copenhagen.

February 12 The rst British troops land in Shang-


hai.
1 Events February 14 An earthquake in Yugoslavia kills
100.
1.1 January
February 19
Main article: January 1927 A general strike in Shanghai protests the pres-
ence of British troops.
In the United States, the silent romantic com-
January 1 The Cristero War erupts in Mex-
edy lm It starring Clara Bow, is released, pop-
ico when Catholic rebels attack the government,
ularising the concept of the "It girl".
which had placed heavy restrictions on the Catholic
Church. February 23 The U.S. Federal Radio Commission
(later renamed the Federal Communications Com-
January 7 The rst transatlantic telephone call is mission) begins to regulate the use of radio frequen-
made via radio from New York City to London. cies.

January 7 The Harlem Globetrotters play their rst


ever road game in Hinckley, Illinois. 1.3 March

January 9 A military rebellion is crushed in Main article: March 1927


Lisbon, Portugal.

January 15 Teddy Wakelam gives the rst sports March 4 A diamond rush in South Africa includes
commentary on BBC Radio. trained athletes that have been hired by major com-
panies to stake claims.
January 19 Great Britain sends troops to China to
March 7 The 7.0 Mw Kita Tango earthquake kills
protect foreign nationals from spreading anti-foreign
at least 2,925 in the Toyooka and Mineyama areas,
riots in Central China.
western Honshu, Japan.
January 24 U.S. marines invade Nicaragua by or- March 10 Albania mobilizes in case of an attack
ders of President Calvin Coolidge, intervening in the by Yugoslavia.
Nicaraguan Civil War and remaining in the country
until 1933. March 11

January 30 Right-wing veterans and the In New York City, the Roxy Theatre is opened
Republikanischer Schutzbund clash in Schattendorf, by Samuel Roxy Rothafel.
Austria, with two fatalities resulting (see also July The rst armored car robbery is committed by
15). the Flatheads Gang near Pittsburgh.

1
2 1 EVENTS

March 13 Fritz Lang's culturally inuential lm 1.5 May


Metropolis premieres in Germany.
Main article: May 1927
March 24 Nanking Incident: After six foreign-
ers have been killed in Nanking and it appears that
Kuomintang and Communist Party of China forces
May Philo Farnsworth of the United States trans-
would overrun the foreign consulates, warships of
mits his rst experimental electronic TV motion pic-
the U.S. Navy and the British Royal Navy re shells
tures, as opposed to the electromechanical TV sys-
and shot to disperse the crowds.[1]
tems that others had used before.

May 9 The Australian Parliament convenes for the


1.4 April rst time in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
Previously, the Parliament had met in Melbourne,
Main article: April 1927
State of Victoria.

May 11 The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and


April 1 The U.S. Bureau of Prohibition is founded Sciences, the Academy in "Academy Awards", is
(under the Department of the Treasury). founded.
April 5 In Britain, the Trade Disputes and Trade May 12 British police ocers raid the oce of the
Unions Act 1927 forbids strikes of support. Soviet trade delegation in London.
April 7 Bell Telephone Co. transmits an im-
May 13 King George V proclaims the change of
age of Herbert Hoover (then the Secretary of Com-
his title from King of the United Kingdom of Great
merce), which becomes the rst successful long dis-
Britain and Ireland to King of Great Britain and
tance demonstration of television.
Northern Ireland.
April 12
May 17 U.S. Army aviation pioneer Major Harold
The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 Geiger dies in the crash of his Airco DH.4 airplane,
renames the United Kingdom of Great Britain at Olmsted Field, Pennsylvania.
and Ireland as the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland. The change May 18 Bath School disaster: a series of violent at-
acknowledges that the Irish Free State is no tacks results in 45 deaths, mostly of school children,
longer part of the Kingdom. in Bath Township, Michigan.
Kuomintang troops kill a number of May 20 By the Treaty of Jeddah, the United King-
communist-supporting workers in Shang- dom recognizes the sovereignty of Ibn Saud over the
hai. The incident is called the April 12 Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd, the future Saudi Ara-
Incident, or the Shanghai Massacre. The 1st bia.
United Front between the Nationalists and
Communist ends, and the Civil War lasting May 2021 Charles Lindbergh makes the rst
until 1949 begins. solo, nonstop transatlantic airplane ight, carried out
from New York City to Paris, France, in his single-
April 14 The rst Volvo automobile rolled o the engined aircraft, the Spirit of St. Louis.
production line in Gothenburg, Sweden.
May 22 The 7.6 Mw Gulang earthquake aects
April 18 The Kuomintang (Nationalist Chinese) Gansu in northwest China with a maximum Mercalli
set up a government in Nanking, China. intensity of XI (Extreme), leaving over 40,000 dead.
April 21 A banking crisis hits Japan.
May 23 Nearly 600 members of the American In-
April 22May 5 The Great Mississippi Flood of stitute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of
1927 strikes 700,000 people in the greatest natural Radio Engineers view a live demonstration of tele-
disaster in American history through that time. vision at the Bell Telephone Building in New York
City, just over a year after John Logie Baird of
April 27 Scotland had rst demonstrated an electromechan-
The Carabineros de Chile (Chilean national ical television system to the members of the Royal
police force and gendarmery) are created. Society in London.
Joo Ribeiro de Barros becomes the rst non- May 24 The United Kingdom cuts its diplomatic
European to make a transatlantic ight, ying relations with the Soviet Union due to revelations of
from Genoa, Italy, to Fernando de Noronha, espionage and underground agitation.
Brazil.
1.7 July 3

1.7 July
Main article: July 1927

July 1 The Food, Drug, and Insecticide Adminis-


tration (FDIA) is established as a United States fed-
eral agency.

May 20: Solo ight New York to Paris July 10 Kevin O'Higgins, Vice-President of the
Executive Council of the Irish Free State and
Minister for Justice, is assassinated by the anti-
1.6 June Treaty Irish Republican Army in Dublin.

Main article: June 1927 July 11 The 1927 Jericho earthquake strikes
Palestine, killing around 300 people. The eects
are especially severe in Nablus, but damage and fa-
talities are also reported in many areas of Palestine
June The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau begins
and Transjordan such as Amman, Salt, Jordan, and
to form in the Sunda Strait.
Lydda.
June 4 Yugoslavia severs diplomatic relations with July 13 (Wednesday, Tamuz 13, 5687): 12:30
Albania. Rebbe Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn is freed from
the imprisonment which began on June 15 (Wednes-
June 46 Clarence Chamberlin and Charles Al- day, Sivan 15, 5687) at 02:15 in exile in the Russian
bert Levine take o from Roosevelt Field, New town of Kostroma.
York, and y to Eisleben, Germany, in the Wright-
Bellanca WB-2 Columbia aircraft Miss Columbia, July 15 July Revolt of 1927: 85 protesters and ve
two weeks after Charles Lindberghs historic solo policemen are left dead after the police in Vienna
ight. re on an angry crowd, mostly members of the
Social Democratic Party of Austria; more than 600
June 7 Pyotr Voykov, the Soviet ambassador to people are injured.
Poland, is murdered.
July 24 The Menin Gate is dedicated as a war
June 9 The Soviet Union executes 20 for alleged memorial at Ypres, Belgium.
espionage.

June 13 1.8 August


Lon Daudet, the leader of the French Main article: August 1927
monarchists, is arrested in France.
A ticker tape parade is held for the aviator
Charles Lindbergh down Fifth Avenue in New August 1 The Communist Chinese Peoples Lib-
York City. eration Army is formed during the Nanchang Upris-
ing.
June 28 Spanish airline Iberia is established.
August 2 U.S. President Calvin Coolidge an-
June 29 Solar eclipse of June 29, 1927: A total nounces, I do not choose to run for president in
eclipse of the sun takes place over Wales, northern 1928.
England, southern Scotland, Norway, northern Swe-
August 7 The Peace Bridge opens between Fort
den, northmost Finland, and the northmost extremes
Erie, Ontario and Bualo, New York.
of Russia.
August 10 The Mount Rushmore Park is rededi-
June 29-July 1 Commander Richard E. Byrd, cated. President Calvin Coolidge promises national
Bernt Balchen, George Noville, and Bert Acosta funding for the proposed carving of the presidential
take o from Roosevelt Field, New York, in the gures.
Fokker Trimotor airplane America and cross the At-
lantic to the coast of France, having to ditch there August 22 200 people demonstrate in Hyde Park,
because of bad weather; all four men survive the London against the death sentencing of Italian im-
emergency landing. migrant anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti.
4 1 EVENTS

August 23 Sacco and Vanzetti are executed. October 25 The Italian steamer ship Principessa
Mafalda capsizes o Porto Seguro, Brazil. At least
August 24 August 25 Hurricane hits the Atlantic 314 people are killed.
Provinces of Canada, causing massive damage and
at least 56 deaths. October 27
August 26 Paul R. Redfern leaves Brunswick, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands opens
Georgia, ying his Stinson Detroiter Port of the Meuse-Waal Canal in Nijmegen, Holland
Brunswick to attempt a solo nonstop ight to Rio de
At 5:50 a.m. a ground fault gives way, causing
Janeiro, Brazil. He later crashes in the Venezuelan
the mine and part of the town of Worthington
jungle, but the crash site has never been found.
to collapse into a large chasm located in
Ontario. Nobody is injured in the incident, as
1.9 September the area had been evacuated the night before
after a mine foreman noticed abnormal rock
Main article: September 1927 shifts in the mine.

September The Autumn Harvest Uprising occurs


1.11 November
in China.
Main article: November 1927
September 7 The University of Minas Gerais is
founded in Brazil.
November 1 smet nn forms a new government
September 18 The Columbia Phonographic in Turkey (The 5th government).
Broadcasting System (later known as CBS) is formed
and goes on the air with 47 radio stations. November 3 November 4 Floods devastating
Vermont cause the worst natural disaster in the
September 25 A treaty signed by the League of
states history.[3]
Nations Slavery Commission abolishes all types of
slavery. November 4 Frank Heath and his horse Gypsy
Queen return to Washington, D.C., having com-
September 27 79 are killed and 550 are injured in
pleted a two-year journey of 11,356 miles to all 48
the East St. Louis Tornado, the 2nd costliest and at
of the states (of that time).
least 24th deadliest tornado in U.S. history.
November 12
1.10 October Mahatma Gandhi makes his rst and last visit
to Ceylon.
Main article: October 1927
Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet
Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin with
undisputed control of the Soviet Union.
October The Fifth Solvay Conference, held in the
latter half of the month, establishes the acceptance The Holland Tunnel opens to trac as the rst
of the Copenhagen interpretation. vehicular tunnel under the Hudson River link-
ing New Jersey with New York City.
October 4 The actual carving begins at Mount
Rushmore, South Dakota. November 14 The Pittsburgh gasometer explosion:
Three Equitable Gas storage tanks in the North Side
October 6 The Jazz Singer opens in the United of Pittsburgh explode, killing 26 people and causing
States and it becomes a huge success, although silent damage estimated between $4.0 million and $5.0
lms continue to be made for some time.[2] million.
October 8 Murderers Row: The New York Yan-
November 21 The Colorado state police open re
kees complete a four-game sweep of the Pittsburgh
on 500 rowdy but unarmed miners during a strike,
Pirates in the World Series.
killing six of them.
October 9 The Mexican government crushes a re-
bellion in Veracruz.
1.12 December
October 18 The rst ight of Pan American Air-
ways takes o from Key West, Florida, bound for Main article: December 1927
Havana, Cuba.
2.1 January 5

December The Communist Party Congress con-


demns all deviation from the general party line in the
USSR.

December 2 Following 19 years of Ford Model


T production, the Ford Motor Company unveils the
Ford Model A as its new automobile.

December 14 Iraq gains independence from the


United Kingdom.

December 15 Marion Parker, 12, is kidnapped


in Los Angeles. Her dismembered body is found
on December 19, prompting the largest manhunt to
date on the West Coast for her killer, William Ed-
ward Hickman, who is arrested on December 22 in
Oregon.

December 17 The United States Navy subma-


rine S-4 is accidentally rammed and sunk by the
United States Coast Guard cutter John Paulding
o Provincetown, Massachusetts, killing everyone
aboard despite several unsuccessful attempts to raise
the submarine.
Barbara Rush
December 19 3 Indian Revolutionaries, viz Pan-
dit Ram Prasad Bismil, Thakur Roshan Singh, and
Ashfaqulla Khan, are executed by the British Raj.
Rajendra Nath Lahiri had been executed two days
before.

December 27 Kern and Hammersteins musical


play, Show Boat, based on Edna Ferbers novel,
opens on Broadway and then goes on to become the
rst great classic of the American musical theater.

December 30 The rst Japanese commuter metro


line, the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, opens.

1.13 Date unknown Olof Palme

The British Broadcasting Corporation is granted a


Royal Charter of Incorporation.
2.1 January

Harold Stephen Black invents the feedback ampli- January 1


er.
Vernon L. Smith, American economist, Nobel
The Voluntary Committee of Lawyers is founded to Prize laureate
bring about the Repeal of Prohibition in the United Doak Walker, American football player (d.
States. 1998)

World population reaches two billion. January 4

In Britain, 1,000 people a week die from an Aito Mkinen, Finnish lm director, screen-
inuenza epidemic. writer and lm producer (d. 2017)
Barbara Rush, American actress

2 Births January 5 Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami,


American-born Hindu guru (d. 2001)
6 2 BIRTHS

January 10
Gisele MacKenzie, Canadian-born singer (d.
2003)
Johnnie Ray, American singer (d. 1990)
Otto Stich, member of the Swiss Federal
Council (d. 2012)
January 13
Brock Adams, American politician (d. 2004)
Sydney Brenner, South African biologist,
Nobel Prize laureate
January 17
Thomas Anthony Dooley III, American physi-
cian and humanitarian (d. 1961)
Eartha Kitt, African-American actress and
singer (d. 2008)
January 23 Jack Quinlan, Chicago Cubs Radio
Broadcaster (d. 1965)
January 24 Lasse Pysti, Finnish writer and play-
wright
January 25
Antnio Carlos Jobim, Brazilian composer (d.
1994) Sidney Poitier

Gregg Palmer, American actor (d. 2015)


2.2 February
January 26 Jos Azcona del Hoyo, 26th President
of Honduras (d. 2005) February 1 Galway Kinnell, American poet (d.
January 28 2014)

Per Oscarsson, Swedish actor (d. 2010) February 2


Hiroshi Teshigahara, Japanese director (d. Stan Getz, American musician (d. 1991)
2001)
Doris Sams, American female professional
January 29 baseball player (d. 2012)
Edward Abbey, American environmentalist February 3
(d. 1989)
Val Doonican, Irish singer and entertainer (d.
Don Morrow, American actor and announcer
2015)
Lewis Urry, Canadian inventor (d. 2004)
Blas Ople, Filipino politician (d. 2003)
January 30 Vasant Sarwate, Indian cartoonist and writer
Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. (d. 2016)
1986) February 7
Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana, Indian
dermatologist (d. 2005) Juliette Grco, French singer and actress
Vladimir Kuts, Russian runner (d. 1975)
January 31
February 10 Leontyne Price, African-American
Jean Speegle Howard, American actress (d.
2000) soprano

Jos Fernandes Fafe, Portuguese diplomat and February 11 Nalda Bird, American female profes-
writer (d. 2017) sional baseball player (d. 2004)
2.3 March 7

February 12 Rita Meyer, American female profes-


sional baseball player (d. 1992)

February 14

Seiz Kat, Japanese voice actor (d. 2014)


Lois Maxwell, Canadian actress (d. 2007)

February 15 Harvey Korman, American actor and


comedian (d. 2008)

February 16 June Brown, British actress

February 17 John Selfridge, American mathe-


matician (d. 2010)

February 18 Abdul Halim Jaer Khan, Indian sitar


player and composer (d. 2017)

February 20

Roy Cohn, American lawyer and anti-


Communist (d. 1986)
Sidney Poitier, African-American actor and
lm director
Harry Belafonte
February 21

Erma Bombeck, American writer and hu-


morist (d. 1996)
Hubert de Givenchy, French fashion designer

February 23

Rgine Crespin, French operatic soprano (d.


2007)
Ivan Hruovsk, Slovak composer (d. 2001)
Mirtha Legrand, Argentinian actress and TV
presenter
Silvia Legrand, Argentinian actress

February 24

Mark Lane, American conspiracy theorist (d.


2016)
Emmanuelle Riva, French actress (d. 2017)

February 25 Ralph Stanley, American bluegrass


banjo player and vocalist (d. 2016)

February 26 Tom Kennedy, American game show


host
Gabriel Garca Mrquez
February 27 Lynn Cartwright, American actress
(d. 2004)
8 2 BIRTHS

2.3 March Annastasia Batikis, Greek-American female


professional baseball player (d. 2016)
March 1
Hanns-Joachim Friedrichs, German journalist
Harry Belafonte, American musician and actor (d. 1995)
Robert Bork, American conservative law pro-
March 16
fessor (d. 2012)

March 2 Roger Walkowiak, French road bicycle Vladimir Komarov, Russian cosmonaut (d.
racer (d. 2017) 1967)

March 3 Pierre Aubert, member of the Swiss Fed- Daniel Patrick Moynihan, U.S. Senator from
eral Council (d. 2016) New York (d. 2003)

March 4 March 17 Roberto Suazo Crdova, President of


Honduras
Philip Batt, 29th Governor of the U.S. state of
Idaho March 18 George Plimpton, American writer and
Thayer David, American actor (d. 1978) actor (d. 2003)
Robert Orben, American magician
March 20
Dick Savitt, American tennis player

March 6 John Joubert, South Africanborn British


composer
William J. Bell, American soap creator (d.
Earlene Risinger, American professional base-
2005)
ball player (d. 2008)
Gordon Cooper, American astronaut (d.
2004) March 21 Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German
Gabriel Garca Mrquez, Colombian author, politician (d. 2016)
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
March 23 Mato Damjanovi, Croatian chess
March 8 Dick Hyman, American composer and grandmaster (d. 2011)
pianist
March 24 Martin Walser, German author
March 10

Jupp Derwall, German football player and March 25


manager (d. 2007)
Bill Barilko, Canadian hockey player (d.
Marlia Hardi, Indonesian actress (d. 1984)
1951)
Bill Fischer, American football oensive line-
man (d. 2017) Monique van Vooren, Belgian-American ac-
tress
March 11
March 27
Ron Todd, British trade union leader (d. 2005)
Joachim Fuchsberger, German-Australian ac- Mstislav Rostropovich, Russian cellist and
tor, television host, lyricist and businessman conductor (d. 2007)
(d. 2014)
Barbara Marx Sinatra, American business-
March 12 Ral Ricardo Alfonsn, former President woman and socialite
of Argentina (d. 2009)
March 29 John Robert Vane, British pharmacolo-
March 13 gist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
Robert Denning, American interior designer
March 31
(d. 2005)
Jozef Zlatansk, Roman Catholic bishop (d. Csar Chvez, American labor activist, United
2017) Farm Workers founder (d. 1993)
March 15 William Daniels, American actor
2.4 April 9

Margot Honecker

April 2
Rita Gam, American actress (d. 2016)
Ferenc Pusks, Hungarian footballer (d. 2006)
va Szkely Kenneth Tynan, English theatre critic (d.
1980)
April 3 va Szkely, Hungarian swimmer
April 5 Chao-Li Chi, Shanxi-born actor (d. 2010)
April 6 Gerry Mulligan, American musician (d.
1996)
April 8 Tilly Armstrong (alias Tania Langley and
Kate Alexander), British writer (d. 2010)
April 10 Marshall Warren Nirenberg, American
scientist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
April 14 Alan MacDiarmid, New Zealand
chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
April 15 Robert Mills, American physicist (d.
1999)
April 16
Pope Benedict XVI
Peter Mark Richman, American actor
April 17 Margot Honecker, East German politi-
cian (d. 2016)
April 18
Pope Benedict XVI
Samuel P. Huntington, American political sci-
entist (d. 2008)
2.4 April Charles Pasqua, French businessman and
politician (d. 2015)
April 1 Peter Cundall, Australian horticulturist and
television presenter April 20
10 2 BIRTHS

Phil Hill, American race car driver (d. 2008) May 25 Robert Ludlum, American author (d.
Karl Alexander Mller, Swiss physicist, Nobel 2001)
Prize laureate May 26 Endel Tulving, Estonian-Canadian exper-
imental psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist
April 26
May 28
Anita Darian, American singer and actress (d.
2015) Ralph Carmichael, American composer and
Harry Gallatin, American basketballer and arranger
coach (d. 2015) William A. Hilliard, American journalist (d.
2017)
April 27 Coretta Scott King, African-American
civil rights leader, wife of Dr. Martin Luther King May 30
Jr. (d. 2006)
Byron Dobell, American writer, editor, and
April 29 Lois Florreich, American female profes- artist (d. 2017)
sional baseball player (d. 1991) Clint Walker, American actor
April 30 Ellen Alakla, Estonian actress (d. 2011) Elly Stone, American singer

2.5 May 2.6 June

May 3 Jean-Paul Martin-du-Gard, French runner


(d. 2017)

May 5 Pat Carroll (actress), American actress

May 9 Manfred Eigen, German biophysicist, re-


cipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

May 9 Wim Thoelke, German television enter-


tainer (d. 1995)

May 11

Bernard Fox, English actor (Bewitched) (d.


2016)
Jerry Stiller
Mort Sahl, Canadian-born comedian, political
commentator
Gene Savoy, American author, explorer, June 3 Boots Randolph, American saxophone
scholar and cleric (d. 2009) player (d. 2007)

May 13 Herbert Ross, American lm director (d. June 4 Georey Palmer (actor), British actor As
2001) Time Goes By (TV series)

May 20 Bud Grant, Canadian and American foot- June 8 Jerry Stiller, American comedian and actor
ball coach
June 10 Ladislao Kubala, Hungarian football
May 21 player and manager (d. 2002)

Sebastio Vasconcelos, Brazilian actor (d. June 12 Al Fairweather, Scottish jazz musician (d.
2013) 1993)

Chuck Stewart, American photographer (d. June 16


2017)
Yoshiro Hayashi, Japanese politician (d.
May 22 George Andrew Olah, Hungarian-born 2017)
chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017) Ariano Suassuna, Brazilian playwright and au-
thor (d. 2014)
May 23 Dieter Hildebrandt, German comedian (d.
2013) June 18 Paul Eddington, British actor (d. 1995)
2.7 July 11

June 19 Luciano Benjamn Menndez, Argentine June 28


general
Dick Lane, American professional baseball
June 20 Bernard Cahier, French F1 photo journal- player
ist (d. 2008) Frank Sherwood Rowland, American chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
June 21
June 29
Hugh Rossi, British Conservative politician
Don Jessop, Australian politician Pierre Savard, Canadian politician
Carl Stokes, American politician (d. 1996) Roy Radner, American economist
Bert Hubbard, American synchronized swim-
June 22 Karl Schgerl, Hungarian chemical engi- mer, choreographer and coach
neering studies
Pat McGeer, Canadian physician, professor
June 23 and medical researcher
Pat McGeer, Canadian physician, professor
John Habgood, British retired Anglican and medical researcher
bishop, academic, and life peer
Kenneth Snelson, American contemporary
Leonid Bogdanov, Soviet Olympic fencer sculptor and photographer (d. 2016)
Bob Fosse, American choreographer and di-
rector (d. 1987) June 30 Shirley Fry Irvin, American tennis player

June 24
2.7 July
Frederick Vreeland, American diplomat and
writer
Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 2014)

June 25

Arnold Wolfendale, British astronomer


Patricia Martin Bates, Canadian artist
Gerald Freedman, American theatre director,
librettist, and lyricist, and a college dean
Kjell Tnnander, Swedish decathlete
Chuck Smith, American pastor (d. 2013)

June 26

Jerry Schatzberg, photographer and lm direc-


tor
Ben Turok, former anti-apartheid activist,
Economics Professor and former South
African member of parliament and a member
of the African National Congress
Piloo Sarkari, Indian cyclist

June 27

Cino Tortorella, Italian television presenter


John Barber, American professional basketball
Gina Lollobrigida
player
Bob Keeshan, American actor and childrens
television show host (d. 2004) July 1
Bobby Myers, American NASCAR driver (d. Wineld Dunn, Politician; Governor of Ten-
1957) nessee
12 2 BIRTHS

Althing
Tim O'Connor, American actor
July 4
Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress
Neil Simon, American playwright, screen-
writer and author
Teresita Castillo, Filipino religious (d. 2016)
Derek Bond, English bishop
July 5 Thomas Fleming, American military histo-
rian and historical novelist
July 6
Dolores Claman, Canadian composer and pi-
anist
Alan Freeman, Australian-born broadcaster
and disc jockey (d. 2006)
Janet Leigh, American actress (d. 2004)
Janet Leigh Pat Paulsen, American comedian and political
satirist (d. 1997)
July 7
Henri Dirickx, Belgian international footballer
played
Doc Severinsen American musician Johnny
Carson Show
Martin Ransoho, American cinema and tele-
vision producer, and member of the Ransoho
family
George C. Lodge, American professor and
former politician
Lewis Arthur Tambs, American ambassador
to Colombia and Costa Rica
Henry Kajura, Ugandan administrator and
politician
July 8
Lisa Lu, Chinese-born American actress and
singer
Kurt Masur
Cal Christensen, American basketball player
(d. 2011)
Hariette Garellick, Swedish actress
July 9
Pierre Pranchre, French politician
Leo Klejn, Russian archaeologist, anthropolo- Red Kelly, Canadian ice hockey player
gist and philologist Richard N. Gardner, United States Ambas-
sador to Spain and the United States Ambas-
July 2 James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern,
sador to Italy
British advocate
Ronnie Stonham, Special Assistant to the Di-
July 3 rector of Personnel at the BBC (d. 2014)
Salome orkelsdttir, Icelandic politician and David Diop, French West African poet (d.
rst woman to be Speaker of the unicameral 1960)
2.7 July 13

July 10 Jos Walter Cavalcante, Brazilian politician


and former Mayor of Fortaleza
Jansen Jos Moreira, Brazilian former foot-
baller John Warr, English cricketer (d. 2016)
Grigory Barenblatt, Russian mathematician July 17
Jack Kelley, American ice hockey coach
Isa Rodrigues, Brazilian actress
David Dinkins, African-American Mayor of
New York City from 1989 through 1993 Ed Leede, American former professional bas-
ketball player
William Smithers, American actor
Lonce Deprez, French politician Roy Stuart, American actor (d. 2005)

Marcel Azzola, French accordionist July 18


July 11 Keith MacDonald, Canadian politician
Chris Leonard, English footballer Robert E. Haebel, American major general
Herbert Blomstedt, conductor laureate of the Antonio Garca-Trevijano, Spanish republi-
San Francisco Symphony can, political activist, and author
July 12 Kurt Masur, German conductor (d. 2015)

Tom Benson, American footballer Jack Harshman, American professional base-


ball pitcher (d. 2013)
Frank Windsor, English actor
Don Bagley, American jazz bassist (d. 2012)
Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistani hammer thrower
Jack Harshman, American professional base- July 19
ball pitcher (d. 2013)
Alma Carlisle, African American architect
July 13 and architectural historian
Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician Tom Blake, American football player
Ian Reed, Australian discus thrower Herv Pinoteau, French historian and royalist
apologist
July 14
Billy Gardner, American former professional
Ray Hannigan, Canadian professional ice baseball player, coach and manager
hockey right winger
Henri Skiba, French football player July 20

Eero Lohi, Finnish modern pentathlete Robert Wahl, American football player
July 15 Michael Gielen, Austrian conductor and com-
poser
Carmen Zapata, American actress (d. 2014)
Heather Chasen, English actress
Hkon Brusveen, Norwegian cross-country
skier Lyudmila Alexeyeva, Russian historian
Joe Turkel, American actor July 21 Dick Smith, former Major League Base-
Caerwyn Roderick, British Labour Party ball inelder
politician (d. 2011)
July 22 Dagoberto Moll, Uruguayan footballer and
Ted Slevin, English professional rugby league
manager
footballer

July 16 July 26 Danny La Rue, Irish drag queen (d. 2009)

Shirley Hughes, English author and illustrator July 28 -- John Ashbery, Poet
Derek Hawksworth, English footballer July 30
Serge Baudo, French conductor
Richard Johnson, American actor (d. 2015)
Jules Witcover, American journalist, author,
and columnist Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)
14 2 BIRTHS

2.8 August
August 4

Jess Thomas, American tenor (d. 1993)


Eddie Kamae, American ukuleleist (d. 2017)

August 7

Edwin W. Edwards, American politician


Carl Switzer, American actor (d. 1959)

August 8 Johnny Temple, American baseball


player (d. 1994)

August 9 Marvin Minsky, American computer sci-


entist, Turing Award winner (Articial intelligence)
(d. 2016)

August 11 Stuart Rosenberg, American director


(d. 2007)

August 12 Porter Wagoner, American country


singer (d. 2007)

August 14 Roger Carel (Bancharel), French actor Peter Falk

August 18 Rosalynn Carter, First Lady of the


United States September 7 Eric Hill, English author and illustra-
tor (d. 2014)
August 19 L. Q. Jones, American actor
September 10 Johnny Keating, Scottish musician
August 20 Peter Oakley, also known as geri- and songwriter (d. 2015)
atric1927, British vlogger (d. 2014)
September 11
August 23 Dick Bruna, Dutch artist, graphic de-
Vernon Corea, Sri Lankan broadcaster (d.
signer (d. 2017)
2002)
August 25 Althea Gibson, African-American ten- G. David Schine, American businessman (d.
nis player (d. 2003) 1996)
August 26 Ma Jir Bo, Chinese Realism oil painter September 13 Laura Cardoso, Brazilian actress
(d. 1985)
September 16
August 27 Fouad al-Tikerly, prominent Iraqi nov-
Peter Falk, American actor (d. 2011)
elist and writer (d. 2008)
Jack Kelly, American actor (d. 1992)
August 30
Sadako Ogata, Japanese diplomat, former
Georey Beene, American fashion designer United Nations High Commissioner for
(d. 2004) Refugees
Bill Daily, American comedian and dramatic September 19
actor
Rosemary Harris, American actress
Nick Massi, Former Bassist for 'The Four Sea-
2.9 September sons (d. 2000)

September 3 Br. John Hamman S.M. (d. 2000), September 21


close-up magician, inventor, Marianist brother (d. Owen Aspinall, 45th Governor of American
2000) Samoa (d. 1997)
September 4 Antnio Carlos Magalhes, Brazilian Joan Hotchkis, American actress, writer and
politician (d. 2007) performance artist
2.10 October 15

September 22
Gordon Astall, English footballer
Tommy Lasorda, American baseball manager
(Los Angeles Dodgers)
September 24 Arthur Malet, English actor (d.
2013)
September 25 Sir Colin Davis, English conductor
(d. 2013)
September 27 Steve Stavro, Canadian business-
man and sports team owner (d. 2006)
September 28 Alcia Raquel de Videla, former rst
Lady of Argentina
September 29
Cid Moreira, Brazilian journalist and TV pre-
senter
Adhemar Ferreira da Silva, Brazilian athlete
(d. 2001)
September 30 W. S. Merwin, American poet

2.10 October
Gnter Grass

October 8 Csar Milstein, Argentine scientist; re-


ceived the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
(d. 2002)

October 10 Dana Elcar, American actor and di-


rector (d. 2005)

October 11 Princess Josphine Charlotte of Bel-


gium, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 2005)

October 13 Lee Konitz, American jazz composer


and alto saxophonist

October 14 Roger Moore, English actor

October 15 Peter Pollen, Canadian politician (d.


2017)

October 16 Gnter Grass, German writer, Nobel


Prize laureate (d. 2015)

October 18 George C. Scott, American actor (d.


1999)

Roger Moore October 19 Pierre Alechinsky, Belgian painter

October 23 Leszek Koakowski, Polish philoso-


October 1 Tom Bosley, American actor (d. 2010) pher (d. 2009)

October 6 Antony Grey, English gay rights activist October 24 Cal Hogue, American baseball player
(d. 2010) (d. 2005)
16 2 BIRTHS

October 25 Jorge Batlle, President of Uruguay (d. November 23 Guy Davenport, American author,
2016) artist, and scholar (d. 2005)

October 28 Roza Makagonova, Russian actress (d. November 24


1995)
Ahmadou Kourouma, Ivorian writer (d. 2003)
Alfredo Kraus, Spanish tenor (d. 1999)
2.11 November
November 27 Jos de Jess Madera Uribe, Amer-
November 2 Steve Ditko, American comic-book ican Roman Catholic bishop (d. 2017)
writer and artist
November 28
November 3
Abdul Halim of Kedah, Yang di-Pertuan
Peggy McCay, American actress Agong of Malaysia
Jan Stoeckart, Dutch composer, conductor, Chuck Mitchell, American actor (d. 1992)
trombonist and former radio producer (d.
2017) November 29 Vin Scully, American baseball
broadcaster
Odvar Nordli, Norwegian politician and 10th
Prime Minister of Norway November 30 Robert Guillaume, American actor

November 4 Bobby Breen, Canadian-born Amer-


ican actor and singer (d. 2016) 2.12 December
November 5 Kenneth Waller, English actor (d.
2000)

November 7 Hiroshi Yamauchi, Japanese busi-


nessman and president of Nintendo (d. 2013)

November 8

Ken Dodd, English comedian


Patti Page, American singer (d. 2013)

November 10

Gerry Glaude, Canadian professional ice


hockey defenceman (d. 2017)
Sabah, Lebanese singer and actress (d. 2014)

November 14 McLean Stevenson, American actor


(d. 1996)

November 15

Gregor Mackenzie, British politician (d.


1992)
Bill Rowling, 30th Prime Minister of New
Zealand (d. 1995) Bhumibol Adulyadej

November 17
December 2 Prabhakar Thokal, Indian cartoonist
Fenella Fielding, English actress (d. 1999)
Nicholas Taylor, Geologist, businessman and
politician and former Canadian Senator December 3

November 18 Hank Ballard, American musician Andy Williams, American singer (d. 2012)
(d. 2003) Richard Pankhurst, British academic (d.
2017)
November 21 Georgia Frontiere, co-owner of the
Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams (d. 2008) December 5
17

December 12 Robert Noyce, Intel cofounder (d.


1990)

December 13 James Wright, American poet (d.


1980)

December 17 Richard Long, American actor (d.


1974)

December 18 Romo LeBlanc, 25th Governor


General of Canada (d. 2009)

December 20

Charlie Callas, American comedian and singer


(d. 2011)
Kim Young-sam, South Korean politician, 7th
President of the Republic of Korea (d. 2015)
Stein Eriksen December 24 Mary Higgins Clark, American nov-
elist

December 25

Nellie Fox, American baseball player (d.


1975)
Ram Narayan, Indian sarangi player

December 26

Akihiko Hirata, Japanese actor (d. 1984)


Alan King, American comedian (d. 2004)
Denis Quilley, British actor (d. 2003)

December 27 Genevieve Audrey Wagner, Amer-


ican professional baseball player and Doctor of
Medicine (d. 1984)

December 29
Kim Young-sam
Andy Staneld, American athlete (d. 1985)

Bhumibol Adulyadej, King Rama IX of Thai- Sylvester Uphus, American farmer and politi-
land (d. 2016) cian (d. 2017)
W. D. Amaradeva, Sri Lanka maestro (d. December 30 Jan Kubek, Czech constructivist
2016) painter and sculptor (d. 2013)
scar Mguez, Uruguayan football player (d.
2006)
Erich Probst, Austrian football player (d. 3 Deaths
1988)
December 7 Helen Watts, Welsh contralto (d. 3.1 January
2009)
January 9 Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English-
December 8 Vladimir Shatalov, Russian cosmo-
German author (b. 1855)
naut
December 9 Pierre Henry, French composer January 19 Empress Carlota of Mexico (b. 1840)

December 11 Stein Eriksen, Norwegian Olympic January 21 Charles Warren, British police ocer
skiier (d. 2015) and archeologist (b. 1840)
18 3 DEATHS

3.2 February Ira Remsen, American chemist, discoverer of


saccharin (b. 1846)
February 4 Janko Vukoti, Montenegrin general
Max Thon, Polish Jewish occultist (b. 1848)
(b. 1866)
March 11 Xenophon Stratigos, Greek general (b.
February 13 Brooks Adams, American historian
1869)
(b. 1848)
March 14 Jnis akste, Latvian politician, rst
February 16 Carl Theodore Vogelgesang, Ameri-
president of Latvian Republic (b. 1859)
can admiral (b. 1869)
March 17 Charles Emmett Mack, American actor
February 19
(b. 1900)
Fernand de Langle de Cary, French general (b.
March 22 Templin Potts, American naval ocer;
1849)
11th Naval Governor of Guam (b. 1855)
Robert Fuchs, Austrian composer (b. 1847)
March 23 Paul Csar Helleu, French artist (b.
Georg Brandes, Danish critic and scholar (b.
1859)
1842)
March 25 Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas, Pales-
February 26
tinian Catholic nun, canonized (b. 1843)
Austin M. Knight, American admiral (b.
March 27 Joe Start, American baseball player (b.
1854)
1842)
Hermann Obrist, German sculptor (b. 1862)

3.4 April
3.3 March
April 15 Gaston Leroux, French journalist and au-
thor (b. 1868)
April 20 Enrique Simonet, Spanish painter (b.
1866)
April 25 Earle Williams, American actor (b.
1880)

3.5 May
May 2 Ernest Starling, English physiologist (b.
1866)
May 3 Ernest Ball, American singer and song-
writer (b. 1878)
May 8 Charles Nungesser, French aviator and
World War I ghter ace (date of disappearance) (b.
1892)
May 11 Juan Gris, Spanish sculptor and painter (b.
1887)
May 25 Henri Hubert, French archaeologist and
sociologist (b. 1872)

3.6 June
June 1
Saint Marie-Alphonsine Danil Ghattas
Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer;
acquitted of killing her father and stepmother
March 4 (b. 1860)
3.7 July 19

Albrecht Kossel

Lizzie Borden

J. B. Bury, Irish historian (b. 1861)


Hannibal di Francia, Italian priest and saint (b.
1851)

June 4 Robert McKim, American actor (b. 1886)

June 9 Victoria Woodhull, American feminist and


spiritualist (b. 1838)

June 11 William Attewell, English cricketer (b.


1861)

June 14 Jerome K. Jerome, English writer (b.


1859)

3.7 July
July 5

Marcelino Crisologo, Filipino politician, play-


wright, writer and poet (b. 1844)
Albrecht Kossel, German physician, recipient
of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
(b. 1853)
King Ferdinand of Romania
July 8 Max Homann, German general (b. 1869)

July 9 John Drew, Jr., American stage actor (b.


1853) July 20 King Ferdinand of Romania (b. 1865)
20 3 DEATHS

July 24 Rynosuke Akutagawa, Japanese poet and


writer (b. 1892)

July 26 June Mathis, American screenwriter (b.


1889)

3.8 August

August 7 Leonard Wood, American general (b.


1860)

August 13 James Oliver Curwood, American nov-


elist and conservationist (b. 1878)

August 17 Johannes Theodor Baargeld, German


painter and poet (b. 1892)

August 23

Nicola Sacco, Italian anarchist (b. 1891)


Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian anarchist (b.
1888)

August 24 Manuel Daz Rodrguez, Venezuelan Willem Einthoven


writer (b. 1871)
3.10 October

3.9 September October 2 Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist,


Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
September 1 Amelia Bingham, American stage October 5 Sam Warner, Hollywood studio execu-
actress (b. 1869) tive (b. 1887)
September 5 October 10 Gustave Whitehead, German-born
aviation pioneer (b. 1874)
Marcus Loew, American theatre chain founder
(b. 1870) October 16 David Macpherson, Canadian-born
American civil engineer (b. 1854)
Wayne Wheeler, American temperance move-
ment leader (b. 1868) October 22

September 14 Borisav Bora Stankovi, Serbian writer (b.


1876)
Hugo Ball, German poet, founder of Dadaism Ross Youngs, American baseball player and
(b. 1886) MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1897)
Isadora Duncan, British-based American October 27 Joseph Squizzy Taylor, Australian
dancer (b. 1877) underworld gure (b. 1888)

September 19 Michael Ancher, Danish painter (b.


1849) 3.11 November
November 1 Florence Mills, American cabaret
singer (b. 1896)
September 29 Willem Einthoven, Dutch inven-
tor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or November 4
Medicine (b. 1860)
Hawthorne C. Gray, record-setting American
September 30 Charles Kilpatrick (cyclist), Amer- balloonist (b. 1889)
ican one-legged trick cyclist (b. 1869) Valli Valli, actress (b. 1882)
21

November 11 Wilhelm Johannsen, Danish 5 See also


botanist, physiologist and geneticist (b. 1857)
November 18 Emma Carus, American opera One Summer: America, 1927, a book by Bill
contralto, (b. 1879) Bryson

November 23 Alfred III, Prince of Windisch-


Grtz, former Prime Minister of Austria (b. 1851) 6 References
3.12 December [1] U.S. and British Warships Shell Cantonese Army.
Miami Daily News. 1927-03-24. p. 1.
December 17
[2] Bill Bryson (1 October 2013). One Summer: America,
Hubert Harrison, African-American writer, 1927. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-
critic, and activist (b. 1883) 385-53782-7.
Rajendra Nath Lahiri, Indian Revolutionary, [3] http://www.erh.noaa.gov/btv/events/27flood.shtml
Hindustan Republican Association (b. 1901)
December 18 Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Indian
Revolutionary, Hindustan Republican Association 7 Further reading
(b. 1897)
December 19 Charles J. Shindo. 1927 and the Rise of Modern
America (University Press of Kansas; 244 pages;
Ashfaqulla Khan, Indian Revolutionary, Hin- 2010).
dustan Republican Association (b. 1900)
Thakur Roshan Singh, Indian Revolutionary,
Hindustan Republican Association (b. 1892)

4 Nobel Prizes

Physics Arthur Holly Compton, Charles Thomson


Rees Wilson
Chemistry Heinrich Otto Wieland
Physiology or Medicine Julius Wagner-Jauregg
Literature Henri Bergson
Peace Ferdinand Buisson, Ludwig Quidde
22 8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses


8.1 Text
1927 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927?oldid=769429445 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Derek Ross, Vicki Rosenzweig, Mav, Jeron-
imo, Ed Poor, Eclecticology, XJaM, Tsja, Enchanter, Deb, SimonP, Bernfarr, Olivier, Ram-Man, David depaoli, Jazz77, Kchishol1970,
Infrogmation, Nixdorf, SGBailey, Skysmith, Ian Walker, Looxix~enwiki, Docu, Bluelion, Jdforrester, Kingturtle, Rlandmann, Djnjwd,
Nikai, John K, Vargenau, Jengod, RodC, Dysprosia, Andrewman327, Timc, Ark30inf, Philopp, Topbanana, Mackensen, Indefatiga-
ble, Warofdreams, Jusjih, Camerong, Finlay McWalter, Francs2000, RadicalBender, Dimadick, Robbot, Dale Arnett, RedWolf, Alten-
mann, Enceladus, Mirv, Merovingian, Rholton, Sekicho, ThaGrind, Auric, Halibutt, Caknuck, Doidimais Brasil, Seth Ilys, Cyrius, Pe-
ter L, Jooler, Snobot, TOO, ScudLee, DO'Neil, Ezhiki, BillyH, Bobblewik, MusiCitizen, Richard Myers, Chowbok, Antandrus, Bgbot,
Piotrus, Cape cod naturalist, Mikko Paananen, Roisterer, Tomruen, Parakalo~enwiki, Trevor MacInnis, Ta bu shi da yu, KNewman,
EugeneZelenko, Discospinster, Guanabot2, TerraFrost, CanisRufus, Linkoman, Art LaPella, Bendono, Dannown, Zarateman, Elipongo,
Jojit fb, Slambo, Rje, Martg76, SPUI, Ommnomnomgulp, Jumbuck, Arthena, Ricky81682, CJ, Ksnow, Marklemagne, Velella, Tvgeek,
Kc8rpe, Woohookitty, Bellhalla, Eleassar777, Prashanthns, Marudubshinki, Mandarax, Graham87, JIP, Tim!, Peripatetic, Jeman52001,
Mark Sublette, Jtmichcock, Chobot, RussBot, Manop, CambridgeBayWeather, Wiki alf, ExRat, Rjensen, Johndarrington, Elizabeyth,
Crisco 1492, Deville, Lt-wiki-bot, Jacklee, Arthur Rubin, Rms125a@hotmail.com, David Justin, Tevildo, GrinBot~enwiki, Dsyzdek,
KnightRider~enwiki, Burnwelk, SmackBot, Haroldgeiger, Crisso, Jacek Kendysz, KocjoBot~enwiki, D C McJonathan, Verne Equinox,
Commander Keane bot, Maarten1963, Fogster, Will in world, Chris the speller, Martin8721, Rogerthat, MalafayaBot, Akanemoto, Sadads,
Leoni2, Colonies Chris, GoodDay, George Ho, Zsinj, Skoglund, Lajkonik, Cplakidas, Kanabekobaton, Racklever, AMK152, RFD, Nakon,
John wesley, Zdravko mk, RandomP, Kismetmagic, DMacks, Veryscarymary, Ugur Basak Bot~enwiki, Paulwithap, J 1982, Heimstern,
Michael Bednarek, Acumen76, Seseidl, Irn, Iridescent, Jaksmata, Ewulp, MightyWarrior, Mattbr, Ineabilis, AlbertSM, Anikulkarni,
Jokes Free4Me, Gran2, Andrew Delong, Fordmadoxfraud, Jcsrauch, Kanags, Achangeisasgoodasa, Kmcneil, Lugnuts, Ellachor, Sadha-
ran, Robertsteadman, DavidSteinle, RandomOrca2, Thijs!bot, Anyo Niminus, Fisherjs, Wikid77, Ronald W Wise, JustAGal, AgentPep-
permint, Ludde23, Dawnseeker2000, Escarbot, Histrydude, AntiVandalBot, RapidR, Fayenatic london, Bluetooth954, Gervius, JAnD-
bot, Himanyo, The knowledge, Caracas 2000, Hekerui, Alekjds, 28421u2232nfenfcenc, Yosephus, Talon Artaine, MartinBot, Calendar-
Watcher, R'n'B, KTo288, Koplimek, Numbo3, Uncle Dick, LordAnubisBOT, Dmz5, Skuds, Student7, Juliancolton, Cruzc, Idioma-bot,
WWGB, Deor, Rajasekhar1961, VolkovBot, Powered, 123R, Kyle the bot, Dominics Fire, Philip Trueman, TXiKiBoT, Rei-bot, Gerrish,
Devoxo, 7yphon, Edeloa, Corvus cornix, Brunton, Don4of4, Shinheishi, Drappel, E-romance, Synthebot, Nenadweb, Tomaxer, Rcb1,
Palaeovia, AlleborgoBot, ZBrannigan, Tontotti, SieBot, Ttonyb1, BotMultichill, Mandsford, Twh66, Doozy88, Altzinn, ImageRemoval-
Bot, Elassint, ClueBot, PipepBot, Swedish fusilier, Niceguyedc, Ralphierce, Canis Lupus, Alexbot, Eeekster, Chloeobrian, SchreiberBike,
Audaciter, DOR (HK), DumZiBoT, Camboxer, Bearsona, Dthomsen8, Pgallert, PseudoBot, Addbot, Don'tKnowItAtAll, Chiz 130, Some
jerk on the Internet, Wikimichael22, Fluernutter, Blue954, Chamal N, CarsracBot, Favonian, An--egyptian--girl, Mdnavman, Tassedethe,
Numbo3-bot, Zorrobot, Bugti911, Legobot, Yobot, Playclever, Poland1919, Tridib Mitra, KamikazeBot, Zulmabm, AnomieBOT, Jack-
ieBot, ArthurBot, Xqbot, Timir2, Phthinosuchusisanancestor, ItaMatt, Maestroso simplo, Pizzamaniac09, GeoWorld2, Nedim Ardoa,
GhalyBot, Unitytwo, FrescoBot, Twinsdude, Best name, Oxana879, Tussin92, Biographies 2, Correct & improve, Ajlf18, FoxBot, Com-
nenus, SeoMac, TjBot, DARTHGALE, EmausBot, TuHan-Bot, Werieth, HiW-Bot, ZroBot, ChuispastonBot, HandsomeFella, Mjbmrbot,
ClueBot NG, LogX, Frietjes, Podgy62, ah, Krantmlverma, WCIDFS, BG19bot, Vagobot, Argento Surfer, Marc.faucher, LukeCollins12,
ProudIrishAspie, Glacialfox, Boushenheiser, Miszatomic, DarafshBot, MachtaUnix, Ustrina, Einstein2, Makecat-bot, Mchanges!, Hip-
pocamp, Bananapeel89, Killuminator, Jamesmcmahon0, Babitaarora, T-Nuggett, Alekol, ProKro, DudeWithAFeud, Thefaizsaleem, Aca-
gastya, JackHoang, Bob3458, Kristinkaradottir, Michael0986, Radosaw Winiewski, CHE, Molindater, Toliuz, Wefrt, Hopoifre, Huiope,
TJJJJMAXXX3333, Danielsalinas00, Artegia, Wocawoca, I2padams, DrStrauss, Armonthap and Anonymous: 350

8.2 Images
File:Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors: This le was derived from Kossel, Albrecht (1853-1927).jpg: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Kossel,_Albrecht_(1853-1927).jpg' class='image'><img alt='Kossel, Albrecht (1853-1927).jpg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Kossel%2C_Albrecht_%281853-1927%29.jpg/50px-Kossel%2C_Albrecht_%281853-1927%29.jpg'
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Kossel%2C_Albrecht_%281853-1927%29.jpg/100px-Kossel%2C_Albrecht_%281853-1927%29.jpg 2x' data-le-width='3424' data-
le-height='4816' /></a>
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