A STUDY ON EXPORT AND IMPORT PERFORMANCE OF SPICE

INDUSTRY WITH SPECIAL REFRENCE TO SUCHI INDUSTRIES

EDAYARPALAYAM AT COIMBATORE DISTRICT

CHAPTER NO-1

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

An export is any good or commodity, transported from one country to another country in a
legitimate fashion, typically for use in trade. In national accounts exports consist of transaction
in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from residents to non-residents.

Methods of exports include a product or good or information being mailed, hand-delivered,

shipped by air, shipped by boat, unloaded to an internet site, or downloaded from an internet site.
Exports also include the distribution of information that can be sent in the form of an email, an
email attachment, a fax or can be shared during a telephone conversation.

The main advantages of exporting are, ownership advantage are the firms specific assets,
international experience, and the ability to develop either low-cost or differentiated products
within the contracts of its value chain. The locational advantages of a particular market are the
benefits of retaining a core competence within the company and threading it though the value
chain rather than obtain to license, outsource, or sell it. The main disadvantages of export are
financial management effort, customer demand, communication technologies improvement,
management mistakes.

The exporting process includes the licenses and documentation necessary to leave the
country, an international carrier to transport the goods, and fulfillment of the requirements
necessary to get the shipment legally in to another country. These mechanics of exporting are
sometimes considered the essence of foreign marketing. Although their importance cannot be
minimized they should not be seen as the primary task of international marketing.

The immediate task of the exporter is to acknowledge the export order, which is different
from its acceptance. Then he would proceed to examine the export order carefully in respect of
items specification, reshipment inspection, payment conditions, special packaging etc.
 CHAPTER NO-2

INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY

World history is very associated with Indian Spices. The Vedas, the Bible, and Quran are all
replete with reference direct or indirect to Indian Spices. The earliest literacy record in Indian
Spices is the Rig Veda (around 6000 BC), and other three Vedas- Yajur, Sama, Atharva. The
history and culture of Indian Spices is probably as old as human civilisation itself. If spices were
not abundant in India, any of the voyage that led to discovery of new nations would not have
taken place. It was the flavour of the Indian Spices, which attracted the Portuguese, the Dutch,
the French and the British to the India.

India with favorable climatic zones, is well placed in respect of spices. The country is blessed
with a wide range of agro-climatic conditions from tropical to temperate zones, coastal plains to
high attitudes and semi-arid to highly humid evergreen forests. It has been able to curve out a
niche as a prime producer of spices for the world and is the largest producer, consumer and
exporter of spices. Nearly 50 % of the world demand of spices is met by India.

Today India exports 52 spices and spice oils products like spice oils, oleoresins, curry
powder, spice powders and spice mixtures. The contribution of export of value added products
like curry powder, spice oils and oleoresins accounts for about 20%. The present thrust is to
export as much value added products of spices instead of our conventional practice of exporting
spices in the whole form. The shift in emphasis from commodities in the whole form to value
added products has given a new dimension to the spice industry in the country.

India enjoyed a predominant position in respect of pepper, turmeric in the world market.
India enjoys the distribution of being the single largest supplier of spice to the world. These
products are consistently competitive because out strong production base, high productivity and
strong technical advantage to meet international quality requirements. The changed food habits
with an accent on the western type of eating paved the way to boost the exports of value based
products. Non availability of indigenously produced quality spices at international parity prices
in the country in required quality has become a major impediment to raise the export of spices.
 CHAPTER NO-3

INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY

The suchi industries was established in the year 2015 at Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India)
they produce Green Cardamom and Black Pepper Plantation in kerala.The Suchi Industries are
renowned as one of the trustworthy Supplier of a high quality range of Green Cardamom, Black
Pepper . In these products are mostly supplied in kerala areas and overall india. The products
offered by them are of high quality, durability and are available at highly effective market prices
thus, catering to the requirements of various industrial domains.

Despite being a new organization, they are on the tracks of constant improvement.
Working with us are some highly talented or cream professionals from different specialization
areas. They possess in-depth knowledge and vast experience in this domain. Procure best range
of products from certified and well known manufacturers and vendors. Their vendors accomplish
the entire operational mechanism in a flawless manner. Procured products are rechecked in-
house by experienced quality controllers at several parameters and client-base is spread across
the markets of India.

VISION OF THE COMPANY

"By consistently delivering the ingredients of success for the most exciting food, health
and fragrance solutions, they will be the partner of choice to their clients worldwide."

MISSION OF THE COMPANY

Innovation: Operational excellence powered by innovation.

Customer Service: Cultivate customers, care more.

Enhance Value: For all stakeholders.

 Making it a great place to work: Winning people through collaboration.

VALUES

Values are the bedrock of an organization. They form the basis of the behavior of its
members. At Suchi, they strive to find the perfect balance between individual and organizational
values.

As an organization, Suchi has always insisted on a strong sense of business ethics and
moral values. They lead by example, so their values become the values of people.They believe
in motivating and encouraging, instead of conditioning or enforcing. And it is this value-system
that defines the way of functions, as an organization and as a family.

PERFORMANCE

They are constantly looking to improve their performance and to better the quality of life,
by improving the quality of food. They are replacing synthetic additives, colours and flavorings
with natural alternatives. This ensures better health for consumers and a better world to live in.

FAIRNESS

In Suchi, they have always given due credit to the value of fairness. And always
expected and offered their quality in all their business transactions. Suchi has been consistent and
principled in every relationship. Be it with valuable clients, employees, or stakeholders.

INNOVATION

At Suchi, they believe that the technologies are combined with acumen for innovation,
has always helped them to address even the most challenging customer requirements.

COMMITMENT

They are accountable to the customers they serve, to the employees they work with, and
to the environment in which that exist. Suchi honours its commitments to all of the above, and
works symbiotically with them, pledging to give back more than what it takes.

COMMUNICATION
 At Suchi believes an open communication to be the driving force for upholding core
values at all levels for achieving their mission and realizing the vision.
TEAMWORK

As they moved up the ranks as an organization, their employees have moved up with
them. This teamwork is the essence of a work culture.
Suchi is understand natural products better than most people. They apply this knowledge to
create a broad range of specialized, reliable ingredients and solutions that give their clients a
razor-sharp competitive edge

PARTNER OF CHOICE

They are the partner of choice for their customers and suppliers alike, and their services
go hand-in-hand with their requirements.

To best serve of customers they not only offer a variety of standard ingredients, but also
help develop new products and applications as per their demands. No wonder, worlds biggest
names have been our loyal customers for decades.

SUCHI BELIEVE IN TECHNOLOGY

They have been industry-pioneers when it comes to technology. The use path-breaking
technologies and have acquired and customized them to meet varied challenges. Today, they
have the best in-class technological processes like Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Thin Film
Distillation and Spinning Cone Column. These processes translate into impeccable quality and
cost effectiveness for the benefit of their clients.

SUCHI BELIEVE IN INNOVATION

Only the best minds work with Suchi. Our pool of experts have diverse skill sets that
collaborate to achieve the desired results for clients, every single time.

From flavor and fragrance specialists to business leaders with astute business acumen, the
innovative human resource pool with a shared value is what gives us ahead of the curve.
COMPANY PROFILE

Name of the company Suchi industries

Type of Business All Kinds of spices like cardamom,pepper,cumin

Year of Establishment 2015

Type of Concern Proprietor Concern

No-40 L,Edayarpalayam main road,

Registered Office and
near balaji kalayanamandapam, kuniamuthur pos
Factory
Coimbatore-641008 Tamil Nadu.

Designing and Packing In-House

Mrs. A.Vaijayanthimala
Tel : +91 422-3367725
Contact Person
Fax: 0091 90034- 38540
website: info@suchiindustries.com

Focus Markets Worldwide

E-mail Suchiindustries@gmail.com
 CHAPTER NO:4

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To study the Indias production and export of Pepper, Cardamom (Small & Large),
Turmeric and Cumin.
To analyze the export performance of Pepper, Cardamom (Small & Large), Turmeric and
Cumin.
To find out the future trends of the export.
To offer suggestion for the improvement.
To know the various documents used for export process.
To know the various risk and challenges faced by the exporter.

CHAPTER NO :5

SCOPE FOR THE STUDY

The study would help the pepper, cardamom, turmeric and cumin producers to increase
their export.
 New exporters can have a glance about the pepper, cardamom, turmeric and cumin
performance in the export field.
Helps to find out profitable market for pepper, turmeric and cumin.

CHAPTER NO:6

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study was mainly based on secondary data

Due to the time constraints, extensive data collection was not possible in depth.
The industry should also concentrate for more countries.
 CHAPTER NO:7

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
 Research is the process of systematic and in depth study or search for any particular
source of studying. How the research is done scientifically and the steps that are generally
adopted backed by the collection, presentation and interpretation of details.

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem using

research methods through which solutions are arrived for the problems for the research.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is the arrangement for collection and analysis of data in a manner that
aims to continue relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure.

DATA SOURCE

Data collection is one of the most important aspects of research. For the success of any
project accurate data is very important and necessary.

THE DATAS ARE COLLECTED THROUGH:

Secondary Data

SECONDARY DATA:

Secondary data is used for the purpose of the project study. These data are collected from
the reports of the Spices Board and from various journals, magazines, newspaper and websites,
which gave lots of information to complete this, project a successful one.

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES USED

The data analyzed through the application of various statistical tools such as percentage,
ranking and trend projection method.

PEPPER

Pepper is a fruit-like unripe berry that is obtained from a plant namely, Piper Ingram (a
perennial shrub having spikes of white flower and dark green leaves). These unripe but mature
berries are collected and dried in the sun to get the black pepper. It is the earliest of the spices
that are known to the world today. Pepper word is derived from a Latin word piper but the
origin of this word comes from a Sanskrit word Papal which means pepper only. Pepper is also
and rightly known as the king of spices as its usage makes it the most essential spice in the
world. It is the oldest one.

The production of pepper is dependent upon the host and moist weather conditions and
the pepper crop needs these sorts of conditions to prosper. That is why it is produced in countries
having this type of climate.

The topmost pepper producing countries forms part of the International Pepper
Community Countries (IPC) covering about 85% of the pepper worlds trade. Earlier, India was
Vietnam took the lead as it put more under pepper production.

Pepper was the one of the first crops that was cultivated in India. It is usually found in the
southern and south western regions of Indian subcontinent. Indias pepper production constitutes
26 % to the worlds pepper production. Kerala holds the biggest share in Indias total pepper
production contributing to a staggering 96%. The remaining production is contributed by
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and Andaman & Nicobar.

Like any eastern spices, pepper was historically seasoning and a medicine. Long pepper,
being stronger, was often the preferred medication, but both were used. Pepper was so valuable
that it was often used as collateral or even currency.

DESCRIPTION
Black Pepper is the dried mature berry of Piper nigrum, a climbing, perennial shrub
mostly found in hot, moist region of Southern India. Under cultivation pepper vines are trailed
over support as columns, 5-6 mtr tall, 1-2 meter diameter. The climbing woody stems have
swollen nods with clinging roots at each node, which helps in anchoring the vine to the support
trees (standards). It has straight upward growing main stem and have lateral shoots from the axils
of the leaves having shorter inter nodes without adventitious roots. In such branches the terminal
buds get modified into an inflorescence (spike) and the auxiliary buds continue further growth.

The root system confined to 75-100 cm radius and depth. The inflorescence is a pendent
spike, 3-15 cm long with 50-150 flowers. Flowers are minute, white pale yellow, arranged
spirally on fleshy pedantries. The specie is naturally self-pollinated and pollen dispersal is aided
by the presence of water droplets. Fruit is a single seeded drupe often called berry. It is spherical
in shape, green in colour, changing to red on ripping.

ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION

Pepper is considered originated in the hills of South Western Ghats of India. It is now
grown in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Brazil, Mexico,
and Guatemala apart from the country of origin.
Pepper requires hot and humid climate and grows between 20 degree North and South latitudes,
from sea level to up to 1500 meters above MSL. The crop tolerates temperatures between 10
degree and 40 degree C. A well-distributed annual rainfall of 125 to 200 cm is considered ideal
for pepper.

USES

Pepper is largely used by meat packers and in canning, pickling, baking, considering for
its preservative value. It has the ability to correct the seasoning of dishes, therefore used as a
final dash at the end of cooking to effectively adjust the flavour. It is an important component of
culinary seasoning of universal use and is an essential ingredient of numerous commercial
foodstuffs. It is also used as an ingredient in spice mixes. White pepper is used in products like
mayonnaise where, black specks of black pepper is not liked.

Other products in use are pepper oil, oleoresin, micro encapsulated pepper, green pepper
in brine, dehydrated green pepper, frozen pepper etc.

Black pepper is an essential ingredient in Indian system of medicine. Piperine, the

pungent principle in pepper oleoresin helps to enhance bio-availability and therefore used in
pharmaceuticals. The major functional properties of pepper are analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-
oxidant and anti-microbial.

CARDAMOM (SMALL)
 Cardamom of commerce is the dried ripe fruit (capsules of cardamom plant) often
referred as the Queen of Spices because of its very pleasant aroma and taste. Cardamom is a
perennial, herbaceous, rhizomatous plant. Based on the nature of panicles, three varieties are
recognized viz. Malabar with prostrate panicle, Mysore with erect panicle, and Vazhukka with
semi erect panicle. Plants are of medium size (2 to 3 mtr height) with pubescent leaves (on the
dorsal side) and fruits globose in the case of Malabar, whereas plant robust (3 to 4 mtr height)
with leaves glabrous on both sides with ovoid capsules in the case of Mysore. Vazhukka variety
is a mix of both the above in physical characteristics.

Indian cardamom is offered to the international markets in different grades: 'Alleppey

Green Extra Bold' (AGEB), 'Alleppey Green Bold' (AGB) and 'Alleppey Green Superior' (AGS)
are names that register instant appeal worldwide. Cardamom oil is a precious ingredient in food
preparations, perfumery, health foods medicines and beverages. India, a traditional exporter of
cardamom to the Middle East countries where it goes mostly into the preparation of 'Gahwa' - a
strong cardamom - coffee concoction without which no day is complete or no hospitality hearty
for an Arab. Indian cardamom enjoys a premium preference in the Middle East, Japanese and
Russians who relish it for its distinct enriching properties.

ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION

Cultivation of cardamom is mostly concentrated in the ever green forests of Western

Ghats in South India. Besides India, cardamom is grown as a commercial crop in Guatemala and
on small scale in Tanzania, Sri Lanka, El Salvador, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia,
Honduras, and Papua & New Guinea. The optimum altitudinal range on growing cardamom is
600 to 1500 mtr above MsL. The cardamom growing regions of South India lies within 8 - 30
degree N latitudes and 75-78 degree longitudes.

USES

The major use is for the preparation of gahwa a strong cardamom coffee concoction
which is a symbol for hospitality among Arabs. Apart from this cardamom is widely used as a
flavorings material in whole and ground form. In Asia, it can add a lingering sparkle to every
kind of dishes both traditional and modern. In Scandinavian countries it is used in baked goods
and confectionaries. In Europe and North America it is an ingredient in curry powder and in
some sausages products.

Cardamom oil and oleoresin has applications in flavouring processed foods, cordials, and
liquors and in perfumery and in Ayurvedic medicines.

CARDAMOM (LARGE)

Large Cardamom is a perennial herb with subterranean rhizomes and 50-140 aerial leafy
shoots. Each shoot has height of 1.7 to 2.6 mtr and possess 9 to 13 leaves in each tiller. Leaves
are glabrous on both sides with a prominent mid-rib. Inflorescence is a condensed spike with
yellowish perianth. Each spike has 10-15 fruits. Fruit is round or oval shape, capsule with
reddish brown colour. Each capsule is trilocular with many seeds.

ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION

Large Cardamom is cultivated in the Sub-Himalayan region of North Eastern India,

Nepal and Bhutan. It is grown in cold humid conditions under shade of trees at an altitude
between 800-2000 meters above MSL., with an average precipitation of 3000-3500 mm spread
over about 200 days and with temperature ranging from 6-30 degree C.

USES

It is used as a flavoring in dishes like Pulavu, Biriyani and meat preparations. It is an

ingredient in curry powder and spice masala mixtures and is also used in Ayurvedic and Unani
medicines. It has applications in flavorings cola, biscuits, liquors.

TURMERIC

Turmeric is a rhizoma to usherbaceou sperennial plant of the ginger family,

Zingiberaceae. It is native to tropical South and needs temperatures between 20 C and 30 C
and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive. Plants are gathered annually for their
rhizomes, and propagated from some of those rhizomes in the following season.

When not used fresh, the rhizomes are boiled for several hours and then dried in hot
ovens, after which they are ground into a deep orange-yellow powder commonly used as a spice
in curries and other South Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine, for dyeing, and to impart color to
mustard condiments. Its active ingredient is cur cumin and it has a distinctly earthy, slightly
bitter, slightly hot peppery flavor and a mustardy smell.

In medieval Europe, turmeric became known as Indian saffron, since it was widely used
as an alternative to the far more expensive saffron spice.

Nizamabad, a city in the south Indian state of Andhra pradesh, is the world's largest
producer and most important trading center of turmeric in Asia. For these reasons, Nizamabad in
history is also known as "Turmeric City".Sangli, a town in the southern part of the Indian
western state of Maharashtra, is the second largest and most important trading center for turmeric
in Asia. Kasur district of Pakistan is the largest producer of turmeric in Pakistan. Mayo
cultivators introduced different varieties of turmeric in Kasur.

Today, it is impossible to imagine an Indian delicacy without the turmeric spice. The
rhizome or root of turmeric plant is used to make turmeric spice. The rhizome is boiled and then
let to dry. The rough skins are removed and grounded to make a fine rich yellow turmeric
powder.

Turmeric is natural preservative. When added to Indian delicacies such as curry and rice,
it gives a rich color and slight flavor to food. Turmeric combines well with spices such as chilli
powder, coriander powder, cumin, and cinnamon.

DESCRIPTION

Turmeric is the boiled, dried, cleaned and polished rhizomes of Curcuma longa. The plant
is a herbaceous perennial, 60-90 cm high, with a short stem and tufted leaf. There are 7 to 12
leaves, the leaf sheaths forms the pseudo stem. The lamina is green above and pale green below
and has a length of 30-40 cm and width 8-12 cm. Inflorescence is a central spike of 10-15 cm
length. 1-4 flowers are born in axil of the bract opening one at a time. About 30 flowers are
produced in a spike. Seeds are produced in capsules and there will be one to numerous sunken
capsules in an inflorescence.

ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION

It is a native of India. Apart from India, it is cultivated in Pakistan, Malaysia, Myanmar,

Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Japan, Korea, China, Sri Lanka, Nepal, East &West Africa,
South Pacific Islands, Malagasy, Caribbean Islands and Central America. In India, it is cultivated
in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala.

Turmeric is a tropical crop cultivated from sea level to 1200 meter MSL. It grows in light
black, black clayey loams and red soils in irrigated and rainfed conditions. The crop cannot stand
water logging or alkalinity.

USES

Turmeric is used to flavor and to colour foodstuffs. It is a principal ingredient in curry

powder. Turmeric oleoresin is used in brine pickles and to some extent in mayonnaise and relish
formulations, non-alcoholic beverages, gelatins, butter and cheese etc. The colour cumin
extracted from turmeric is used as a colorants.
Turmeric is also used as a dye in textile industry. It is used in the preparation of medicinal
oils, ointments and poultice. It is stomachic, carminative, tonic, blood purifier and an antiseptic.
It is used in cosmetics. The aqueous extracts hasbiopesticidal properties.

CUMIN

Cumin is the dried, white fruit with greyish brown colour of a small slender annual herb.
The surface of the fruit has 5 primary ridges, alternatively has 4 less distinct secondary ridges
bearing numerous short hairs. The plant is 15 to 50 cm high. The aromatic seed like fruit is
elongated, ovoid, 3 to 6 mm long, slightly bitter and has a warm flavor. The flowers are white or
rose-colored in small umbels.
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION

Cumin is indigenous to Northern Egypt, Syria, the Mediterranean region, Iran and India.
It is also cultivated in Mexico, China, Sicily and Malta. Cumin is a tropical plant and is
cultivated as a rabi crop in areas where atmospheric humidity during February-March is low.

USES

Cumin seed have an aromatic odor and bitter taste. It is used as a condiment, and is an ingredient
in curry powders, seasonings of breads, cakes and cheese. It is employed in native dishes of
Central and South America. In medicine, it is used as a stimulant, carminative, stomachic and
astringent. Cumin seed oil is used in perfumery and for flavorings liqueurs and cordials.

CHAPTER NO:8

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

 TABLE NO:8.1

PEPPER

Country 2011- % Rank 2012- % Rank 2013- % Rank 2014- % Rank 2015- % Rank
12 13 14 15 16
(MT) (MT) (MT) (MT)

USA 13886 70.7 1 14496 69.01 1 9979 65.38 1 8638 66.44 1 6921 62.47 1

UK 2003 10.2 2 1818 8.66 2 1514 9.92 2 1604 12.34 2 1477 13.33 2

Germany 1406 7.15 3 1691 8.05 3 1201 7.87 5 1029 7.91 3 715 6.45 5

Italy 1251 6.36 4 1601 7.62 4 1288 8.44 3 834 6.41 5 900 8.12 4

Canada 1107 5.63 5 1397 6.65 5 1281 8.39 4 896 6.89 4 1066 9.62 3

TOTAL 19653 100 21003 100 15263 100 13001 100 11079 100

INTERPRETATION
The above table indicates that, out of the total exports of pepper from India, 60-70% is
exported to USA. When the importing countries are ranked based on their volume of imports
from India, USA stands first in all five years. During the years 2006-08, it is found that the ranks
remain the same. First rank is occupied by USA followed by UK, Germany, Italy, and Canada.
During the next three years 2008-2011 first two ranks are occupied by USA and UK while the
other three ranks vary among Germany, Italy and Canada.

It is clear that out of the total pepper exported from India, 60-70% is exported to USA
and 9 to 13% is exported to UK.

EXPORT OF PEPPER TO USA

Years Quantity(MT) %
 2011-12 13886 25.75

2012-13 14496 26.88

2013-14 9979 18.51

2014-15 8638 16.02

2015-16 6921 12.84

TOTAL 53920 100

INTERPRETATION
USA is the major importer of Pepper from India.

The table shows that the total quantity of pepper imported by USA from India during the
study period is 53920 metric tons out of which 25.75% relates to 2006-07. It has risen by 1.13%
in the next year 2007-08. Where as in all the subsequent years the percentage of its imports of
pepper from India shows a decrease.

CHART NO:8.1
3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 TOTAL

CARDAMOM (SMALL)
 Country 2011- % Rank 2012- % Rank 2013- % Rank 2014- % Rank 2015- %
12 13 14 15 16
(MT) (MT) (MT) (MT)

S. Arabia 478 84.0 1 331 80.53 1 519 89.02 1 1118 83.12 1 724 81.25

Japan 38 6.67 2 16 3.89 5 25 4.28 3 34 2.52 5 26 2.91

Kuwait 14 2.46 3 18 4.37 3 4 0.68 5 92 6.84 2 102 11.44

UK 21 3.69 4 17 4.13 4 7 1.20 4 55 4.08 3 18 2.02

Malaysia 18 3.16 5 29 7.05 2 28 4.80 2 46 3.42 4 21 2.35

TOTAL 569 100 411 100 583 100 1345 100 891 100

TABLE NO:8.2

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows that, out of the total exports of cardamom (small) from India, 80-
90% is exported to Saudi Arabia. When the importing countries are ranked based on their volume
of imports from India, Saudi Arabia stands first in all five years. During 2006-2008, it is found
that the third and fourth rank remains same. During 2009-2011 the second rank occupied by
Kuwait. First rank is occupied by Saudi Arabia followed by Japan, Kuwait, UK, and Malaysia.

During the five years 2006-2011 first rank is occupied by Saudi Arabia while the other
four ranks vary among Japan, Kuwait, UK and Malaysia.

It is clear that out of the total cardamom (small) exported from India, 80-90% is exported
to Saudi Arabia, 2 to 7% is exported to Japan and 1to 12% is exported to Kuwait.

EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (SMALL) TO SAUDI ARABIA

 Year Quantity(MT) %

2011-12 478 15.08

2012-13 331 10.44

2013-14 519 16.37

2014-15 1118 35.27

2015-16 724 22.84

TOTAL 3170 100

INTERPRETATION
The above data indicates that the export of Cardamom (small) to Saudi Arabia because
Saudi Arabia is the largest importer of Cardamom (small) from India.

The table indicates that the total quantity of cardamom (small) imported by Saudi Arabia
from India during the study period is 3170 metric tons out of which 15.08% relates to 2006-07. It
has decrease by 4.64% in the next year 2007-08. Then the 2008-10 it is increased but the last
year 2010-11 it deceased 12.43%.

CHART NO:8.2
3500

3000

2500

. Export of cardamom (small)

2000 to Saudi Arabia %
. Export of cardamom (small)
to Saudi Arabia %
1500 . Export of cardamom (small)
to Saudi Arabia Quantity(MT)
. Export of cardamom (small)
1000 to Saudi Arabia Year

500

0
1 2 3 4 5 6

TABLE N0:8.3
 CARDAMOM (LARGE)

Country 2011-12 % Rank 2012-13 % Rank 2013-14 % Rank 2014-15 % Rank 2015-16 % Rank
(MT) (MT) (MT) (MT)

Pakistan 1199 82.06 1 1082 85.26 1 1482 84.11 1 758 81.59 1 581 82.29 1

UAE 146 9.99 2 97 7.64 2 159 9.02 2 58 6.24 3 46 6.52 2

UK 81 5.54 3 67 5.27 3 92 5.22 3 79 8.50 2 39 5.52 3

USA 18 1.23 4 13 1.02 4 22 1.24 4 18 1.94 4 33 4.67 4

Canada 17 1.16 5 10 0.78 5 7 0.39 5 16 1.72 5 7 0.99 5

TOTAL 1461 100 1269 100 1762 100 929 100 706 100

INTERPRETATION
It is clear from the above table, out of the total exports of cardamom (large) from India,
80-85% is exported to Pakistan. When the importing countries are ranked based on their volume
of imports from India, Pakistan stands first in all five years. During the years 2006-09, it is found
that the ranks remain the same. First rank is occupied by Pakistan followed by UAE, UK, USA,
and Canada. During the next two years 2009-2011 first, fourth and fifth ranks remains same
while the second and third ranks are varying between UAE and UK.

It is clear that out of the total cardamom (large) exported from India, 80-85% is exported
to Pakistan and 0.39 to 10% exported to UAE, UK, USA and Canada.

EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (LARGE) TO PAKISTAN

 Year Quantity(MT) %

2011-12 1199 23.5

2012-13 1082 21.21

2013-14 1482 29.05

2014-15 758 14.86

2015-16 581 11.38

TOTAL 5102 100

INTERPRETATION
During the study period Indias major quantity of Cardamom (large) is exported to
Pakistan.

The table shows that the total quantity of cardamom (large) imported by Pakistan from
India during the study period is 5102 metric tons out of which 23.50% relates to 2006-07. It has
decreased by 2.29% in the next year 2007-08. In 2008-09 it is raised by 7.84%. Where as in the
last two subsequent years the percentage of its imports of cardamom (large) from India shows a
decrease.

CHART NO:8.3
6000

5000

4000

3000
4.1.3 Export of Cardamom
(Large) to Pakistan

2000

1000

TABLE NO:8.4
 TURMERIC

Country 2011- % Rank 2012- % Rank 2013 % Rank 2014- % Rank 2015- % Rank
12 13 -14 15 16
(MT) (MT) (MT) (MT)

UAE 8133 33.02 1 5151 28.63 1 5911 26.36 1 6719 31.20 1 8988 47.11 1

Japan 2632 10.68 5 2797 15.54 5 3090 13.77 5 3149 14.62 5 3066 16.07 2

Iran 6095 24.74 2 3709 20.61 2 5335 23.79 2 4255 19.75 2 2563 13.43 3

Bangladesh 4039 16.40 3 2880 16.01 4 4593 20.48 3 4119 19.12 3 2545 13.34 4

Sri Lanka 3728 15.13 4 3453 19.19 3 3495 15.58 4 3293 15.29 4 1914 10.03 5

TOTAL 24627 100 17990 100 22424 100 21535 100 19076 100

INTERPRETATION
The above table mentions that, out of the total exports of Turmeric from India, 26 to 47%
is exported to UAE. When the importing countries are ranked based on their volume of imports
from India, UAE stands first in all five years. During the years 2006-07 and 2008-10, it is found
that the ranks remain the same. First rank is occupied by USE followed by Japan, Iran,
Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. During 2006-2010 the ranks of UAE, Japan, and Iran remains same.
In 2010-11 the ranks vary among Japan, Iran, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

It is clear that out of the total turmeric exported from India, 26 to 47% is exported to
UAE and 13 to 25% is exported to Iran.

EXPORT OF TURMERIC TO UAE

 Year Quantity(MT) %

2011-12 8133 23.3

2012-13 5151 14.76

2013-14 5911 16.94

2014-15 6719 19.25

2015-16 8988 25.75

TOTAL
34780 100

INTERPRETATION
According to the data from 2006 to 2011, India exported its major quantity of turmeric to
UAE.

The table shows that the total quantity of Turmeric imported by UAE from India during
the study period is 34902 metric tons out of which 23.30% relates to 2006-07. It has decreased
8.54% in the next year 2007-08. In 2008-11 the percentage of imports of turmeric from India
shows an increase.

CHART NO:8.4
35000

30000

25000

4.1.4 Export of Turmeric to

20000 UAE

15000

10000

5000

TABLE NO:8.5
 CUMIN
Country 2011-12 % Rank 2012-13 % Rank 2013-14 % Rank 2014-15 % Rank 2015-16 % Rank
(MT) (MT) (MT) (MT)

UK 2010 15.55 3 1860 15.70 4 2898 12.45 3 3447 17.09 4 2457 24.58 1

USA 4246 32.85 1 3014 25.44 1 4760 20.46 2 4002 19.83 2 2214 22.15 2

Nepal 3228 24.97 2 2919 24.63 2 2608 11.21 4 3729 18.48 3 1898 18.99 3

UAE 1557 12.04 5 2841 23.98 3 12184 52.38 1 5932 29.40 1 1888 18.89 4

Malaysia 1884 14.57 4 1213 10.24 5 810 3.48 5 3063 15.18 5 1537 15.38 5

TOTAL 12925 100 11847 100 23260 100 20173 100 9994 100

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows that, out of the total exports of cumin from India, 20-33% is
exported to USA and 12-52% is exported to UAE. When the importing countries are ranked
based on their volume of imports from India, USA stands first in 2006-08, UAE in 2008-10 and
in 2010-11 UK stands first. In 2008 USA stands in the second position. In 2006-07 Malaysia
stands in the fourth place but in the last four years i.e.2007-11 it is in the fifth position.

It is clear from the table USA, UAE and UK stands in the first position for total cumin
exported from India. Above that USA and UAE stand in the first position for two times each. Out
of total export 20-33% exported to USA, 12-52% to UAE and 12-25% to UK.

The above data indicates that the major importers of Cumin are USA and UAE.

EXPORT OF CUMIN TO USA

 Year Quantity (MT) %

4246 23.28
2011-12

3014 16.53
2012-13

4760 26.10
2013-14

4002 21.95
2014-15

2015-16 2214 12.14

TOTAL 5102 100

INTERPRETATION
The table mention that the total quantity of Cumin imported by USA from India during
2006-11 is 18236 MT. Out of which 23.28% relates to 2006-07. But in the next year the import is
decreased 6.75%. After 2007-08 the percentage of imports of cumin from India shows a
continuous increase.

CHART NO:8.5.1
5000

4500

4000

3500

3000
4.1.5 Export of Cumin to USA
2500 Quantity (MT)
2000 4.1.5 Export of Cumin to USA
%
1500

1000

500

0
 EXPORT OF CUMIN TO UAE

Year Quantity (MT) %

2011-12 1557 6.38

2012-13 2841 11.64

2013-14 12184 49.93

2014-15 5932 24.31

2015-16 1888 7.74

TOTAL 24402 100

INTERPRETATION
The table indicates that the total quantity of cumin imported by UAE from India during
the study period is 24402 metric tons. Out of which the lowest quantity 6.38% is exported in the
year 2006-07. The last two years percentage of imports of cumin from India shows a decrease.

CHART NO:8.5.2
25000

20000

15000
Export of Cumin to UAE %
Export of Cumin to UAE
10000 Quantity (MT)
Export of Cumin to UAE Year

5000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6

TREND PROJECTION OF PEPPER

 EXPORT OF PEPPER TO USA

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 -48580

2012-13 2868.8

2013-14 890

2014-15 -1088.8

2015-16 -3067.6

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows that, there is a fluctuation in the export of pepper from India to
USA was in fluctuating trend in the year2006-11. And it is expected to decrease in further future
years.

CHART NO:
 Trend Analysis
10000
2868.8
0 890
-1088.8
0 -3067.6
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

-10000

-20000

-30000

-40000
-48580
-50000

-60000
 EXPORT OF PEPPER TO UK

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 1303.4

2012-13 1176.8

2013-14 1050.2

2014-15 923.6

2015-16 797

INTERPRETATION
The above table indicates that, there is a fluctuation in the export of pepper from India to
UK was in fluctuating trend in the year 2006-11. And it is expected to decrease in future years.
 CHART

Trend Analysis
1400
1303.4
1176.8
1200
1050.2
1000 923.6
797
800 Trend

600

400

200

0
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 EXPORT OF PEPPER TO GERMANY

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 595.2

2012-13 390.8

2013-14 186.4

2014-15 -18

2015-16 -222.4

INTERPRETATION
The above table indicates that, there was a decrease in the export of Pepper form India to
Germany was in decreasing trend up to the year 2011. And it is expected to decrease in further
future periods.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
700
595.2
600

500
390.8
400

300

186.4
200

100
0
-18
0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
-100

-222.4
-200

-300
 EXPORT OF PEPPER TO ITALY

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 734.1

2012-13 587.2

2013-14 440.3

2014-15 293.4

2015-16 146.5

INTERPRETATION
The above table mentions that, there is a fluctuation in the export of Pepper from India to
Italy was in fluctuating trend in the year 2006-11. And it was expected to decrease in further
future years.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
800
734.1

700
587.2
600

500 440.3
Trend
400
293.4
300

200 146.5

100

0
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 EXPORT OF PEPPER TO CANADA

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 974.5

2012-13 916.2

2013-14 857.9

2014-15 799.6

2015-16 741.3

INTERPRETATION
The above table indicates that, there is an increase and decrease in the export of pepper
from India to Canada in the year 2006-2011. And it is expected to decrease in future.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
1200

974.5
1000
916.2
857.9
799.6
800 741.3

600

400

200

0
0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 TREND PROJECTION OF CARDAMOM (SMALL)

EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (SMALL) TO SAUDI ARABIA

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 1017.7

2012-13 1145.6

2013-14 1273.5

2014-15 1401.4

2015-16 1529.3

INTERPRETATION
It is clear from the table, there is a fluctuation in the export of cardamom (small) from
India to Saudi Arabia was in fluctuating trend in the year 2006-2011. And it is expected to
Increase up to 1529.3 for the year 2015-2016.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
1800

1600 1529.3
1401.4
1400 1273.5
1145.6
1200
1017.7
1000

800

600

400

200
0
0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (SMALL) TO JAPAN

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 26

2012-13 25.4

2013-14 24.8

2014-15 24.2

2015-16 23.6

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows that, there is a fluctuation in the export of cardamom (small) from
India to Japan was in fluctuating trend up to the year 2006-11. And it is expected to decrease in
further future years.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
30

26
25.4
24.8
25 24.2
23.6

20

15

10

0
0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (SMALL) TO KUWAIT

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 121

2012-13 146

2013-14 171

2014-15 196

2015-16 221

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows that, there was an increase in the export of cardamom (small)
from India to Kuwait was in increasing trend in most of the years. And it is expected to increase
in further future years.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
250
221

196
200
171

146
150
Trend
121

100

50

0
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (SMALL) TO UK

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 44

2012-13 50.8

2013-14 57.6

2014-15 64.4

2015-16 71.2

INTERPRETATION
It is clear from the table, there is a fluctuation in the export of cardamom (small) from
India to UK was in fluctuating trend up to the year 2009-10 and decreased in the year 2010-11.
And it is expected to Increase up to 71.2 for the year 2015-2016.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
80
71.2
70
64.4

60 57.6

50.8
50
44
Trend
40

30

20

10

0
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (SMALL) TO MALAYSIA

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 35.3

2012-13 37.6

2013-14 39.9

2014-15 42.2

2015-16 44.5

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows, there is a fluctuation in the export of cardamom (small) from
India to Malaysia was in fluctuating trend up to the year 2009-10 and decreased in the year 2010-
11. And it is expected to Increase in future years.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
50
44.5
45 42.2
39.9
40 37.6
35.3
35

30

25

20

15

10

5
0
0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 TREND PROJECTION OF CARDAMOM (LARGE)

EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (LARGE) TO PAKISTAN

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 552.4

2012-13 396.4

2013-14 240.4

2014-15 84.4

2015-16 -71.6

INTERPRETATION
The above table indicates that, there was a decrease in the export of Cardamom (large)
from India to Pakistan was in decreasing trend up to the year 2011. And it is expected to decrease
in future years.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
600
552.4

500
396.4
400

300
240.4 Trend

200

84.4
100

0
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 -71.6
2015-16
-100

-200
 EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (LARGE) TO UAE

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 552.4

2012-13 396.4

2013-14 240.4

2014-15 84.4

2015-16 -71.6

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows that, there was a decrease in the export of Cardamom (large) from
India to UAE was in decreasing trend up to the year 2011. And it is expected to decrease in 2011-
16.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
600 552.4

500
396.4
400

300
240.4

200

84.4
100
0
0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
-71.6

-100

-200
 EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (LARGE) TO UK

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 50

2012-13 42.8

2013-14 35.6

2014-15 28.4

2015-16 21.2

INTERPRETATION
The above table mentions that, there was a fluctuation in the export of Cardamom (large)
from India to UK was in fluctuating trend up to the year 2006-11. And it is expected to decrease
in further future years.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
60

50
50
42.8

40
35.6

30 28.4

21.2
20

10

0
0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 EXPORT OF CARDAMOM (LARGE) TO USA

TABLE NO:

Year Trend

2011-12 31.3

2012-13 34.8

2013-14 38.3

2014-15 41.8

2015-16 45.3

INTERPRETATION
It is clear from the table, there is a fluctuation in the export of cardamom (large) from
India to USA was in fluctuating trend up to the year 2009-10 and increased in the year 2010-11.
And it is expected to Increase up to 45.3 for the year 2015-2016.
 CHART NO:

Trend Analysis
50
45.3
45 41.8

40 38.3
34.8
35
31.3
30

25

20

15

10

5
0
0
Year 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
 CHAPTER NO:9

FINDINGS

USA is the major importer of pepper and cumin from India.

Out of the total export, 80-90% of cardamom (small) is exported to Saudi Arabia and 80-
85% of cardamom (large) is exported to Pakistan.
UAE is the major importer of turmeric. They importing 26-47% of turmeric from India.
Most of the countries reducing their import of Pepper, Cardamom (small),
Cardamom(large), Turmeric and Cumin in 2009-10 because of recession
Mostly in future the expected value of Pepper export will be decreased.
The expected value of Cardamom (small) export will be increased in future, except
Japan.
Mostly in future the expected value of Cardamom (large) will be decreased, except USA.
The expected value of Turmeric export will be decreased in Iran, Bangladesh and Sri
Lanka and it will be increased in UAE and Japan in future period.
In future the expected value of Cumin export shows an increase in most of the countries.
The export value of Pepper, Cardamom (small), Cardamom (large), Turmeric and Cumin
was declined because various countries competition.
During the study period exporter earnings from Pepper, Cardamom (small), Cardamom
(large), Turmeric and Cumin were satisfactory, it shows an increasing trend in export.
During the study Period, UK, USA and UAE are the major importers of spices from
India.
 CHAPTER NO:10

SUGGESTIONS

Suchis share of Pepper exports is considerably more than compared to other products.
Further measure should be taken for enhancing the Cardamom (small), Cardamom
(large), Turmeric and Cumin export.
Pepper, Cardamom (small), Cardamom (large), Turmeric and Cumin export are
concentrating only on selected countries, so they should identified other international
markets.
Suchi industry should provide market assistance to penetrate new market.
The board of suchi industries should provide information database on export
potentialities markets and range of products.
Steps have to be taken by the government to improve the quality of Pepper, Cardamom
(small), Cardamom (large), Turmeric and Cumin.
In India, most of the traders concentrating the domestic business our government should
encourage all domestic traders to export the spices.
 CHAPTER NO:11

CONCLUSION

India is the major producer of spices.UK, USA and UAE are the major importers of
spices like Pepper, Cardamom (small), Cardamom (large), Turmeric and Cumin from India.
Spices Board helps the Spices producers in various ways. The study reveals the export
performance of the Pepper, Cardamom (small), Cardamom (large), Turmeric and Cumin in
different countries during the last five years. The exporter earnings from Pepper, Cardamom
(small), Cardamom (large), Turmeric and Cumin during the study period were satisfactory, it
shows an increasing trend in export of Pepper, Cardamom (small), Cardamom (large), Turmeric
and Cumin. It can be concluded that with more innovative features and uses, which satisfy their
needs and wants to succeed in the market.

BIBILIOGRAPHY
BOOKS

BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD-RESEARCH METHODS

AUTHOR NAME- DR.Emma bell

DR.Alan bryman
INTERNATIONAL MARKETING-MARKETING STRATEGY
AUTHOR NAME- Cateora and Graham,
T.A.S Balagopal, Export Import Management, Himalaya Publications House, New Delhi

JOURNALS & MAGAZINES

Pepper Export Review

EXIM news
Spices Board

NEWSPAPERS

The Hindu Business Line

The Economic Times
Business Today
EXIM Times
The Indian Express

WEBSITES

http://www.ibef.org/exports/spice-industry-indias.aspx
http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/spice-based-industry-says-india-too-
costly-115091700946_1.html
https://www.slideshare.net/daedal/indian-spices-market-trends-and-opportunities-
20132018-new-report-by-daedal-research
www.spicesboardofindia.com
www.indiamarkets.com

EXPORT PROCESS

The company has a separate export department that take care of function of
documentation:
FORMALITIES:
Booking document (The booking documentation sent through mail)
Original document (The respective invoice sent through courier)

DOCUMENTATION PROCESS BEFORE SHIPMENT:

The company prepares the list of document before shipment:

Invoice, packing list

Declaration of the export
Export value declaration
Customs clearance documentation
Annexure(content,invoice,company address)
Declaration (to send goods information)
Appendix (the appendix made according to the bases by government providing 7.2%)
Declaration (draw back)
Sales contract

AFTER CLEARING THE DOCUMENT:

Goods handover to the customs containers are loaded and shipment details will be
given.
Certificate of origin It is given by the spice chamber of commerce.
Generalized system of preference forms It is signed by the spice committee.