Introductio

n to
Transcultural
Nursing
Conducted
by :
M. Askar,
S.Kep,Ns.,M.Kes
 NIDN.
0928028002
 Concept Map
Rumah sakit/
Pasien dan
tatanan pelayanan
Keluarga
kesehatan

Perawat

Konflik antar Profesional and

Culture ` budaya culture

Aplikasi teori Pengkajian,

Pendekatan Leininger (Sunrise diagnosa,
transkultural model) perencanaan, dan
nursing evaluasi
transkultural
 Introduction
Madeleine Leininger is considered as the founder of the theory of
transcultural nursing.
Her theory has now developed as a discipline in nursing.
Evolution of her theory can be understood from her books:
Culture Care Diversity and Universality (1991)
Transcultural Nursing (1995)
Transcultural Nursing (2002)
Transcultural nursing theory is also known as Culture Care theory.
Theoretical framework is depicted in her model called the Sunrise
Model (1997).
 About the theorist
One of the frst nursing theorist and transcultural global
nursing consultant.
MSN - Catholic University in Washington DC.
PhD in anthropology - University of Washington.
She developed the concept of transcultural nursing and
the ethnonursing
research model
 Defenitio
ns
Transcultural nursing is a comparative study of
cultures to understand similarities (culture universal) and
difference (culture-specifc) across human groups
(Leininger, 1991)
Culture is :
Set of values, beliefs and traditions, that are held by a specifc
group of people and
handed down from generation to generation.
 Culture is also beliefs, habits, likes, dislikes, customs and rituals
learn from ones family.
 Defenitio
ns
Culture is :
Culture is the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs,
norms and life way practices
of a particular group that guide thinking, decisions, and actions in
patterned ways.
Culture is learned by each generation through both formal and
informal life experiences.
Language is primary through means of transmitting culture.
The practices of particular culture often arise because of the
group's social and physical
environment.
 Culture practice and beliefs are adapted over time but they
mainly remain constant as long as they satisfy needs.
 Defenitio
ns
Religion is a set of belief in a divine or super human
power (or powers) to
be obeyed and worshipped as the creator and ruler of
the universe.
Ethnic refers to a group of people who share a common
and distinctive
culture and who are members of a specifc group.
Ethnicity is a consciousness of belonging to a group
 Cultural identity is the sense of being part of an ethnic
group or culture
 Defenitio
ns
Culture-universals is commonalities of values, norms of
behavior, and life
patterns that are similar among different cultures
Culture-specifies is values, beliefs, and patterns of
behavior that tend to be
unique to a designate culture
Material culture refers to objects (dress, art, religious
artefacts)
 Non-material culture refers to beliefs customs,
languages, social
institutions.
 Defenitio
ns
Sub culture composed of people who have a distinct
identity but are related
to a larger cultural group
Bicultural a person who crosses two cultures, lifestyles,
and sets of values.
Diversity refers to the fact or state of being diferent.
Diversity can occur
between cultures and within a cultural group.
 Acculturation is people of a minority group tend to
assume the attitudes, values, beliefs, fnd practices of
the dominant society resulting in a blended cultural
pattern
 Defenitio
ns
Cultural shock is the state of being disoriented or
unable to respond to a different cultural environment
because of its sudden strangeness, unfamiliarity, and
incompatibility to the stranger's perceptions and
expectations at is differentiated from others by symbolic
markers (cultures, biology, territory, religion).
Ethnic groups share a common social and cultural
heritage that is passed on
to successive generations.
 Defenitio
ns
Ethnic identity refers to a subjective perspective of
the person's heritage and to a sense of belonging to a
group that is distinguishable from other groups
Race is the classifcation of people according to shared
biologic characteristics, genetic markers, or features.
Not all people of the same race have the same culture
 Defenitio
ns
Cultural awareness is an in-depth self-examination of
one's own background, recognizing biases and prejudices
and assumptions about other people
Culturally congruent care refers to care that fits the
people's valued life patterns and set of meanings
-which is generated from the people themselves, rather
than based on predetermined criteria
 Defenitio
ns
Culturally competent care is the ability of the
practitioner to bridge cultural gaps in caring, work with
cultural differences and enable clients and families to
achieve meaningful and supportive caring
Reference :
Leininger, M. (1997, Winter). Transcultural nursing research to tranform
nursing education and practice: 40 years. Image: Journal of Nursing
Scholarship, 29(4), 341+.Retrieved from http://0-g o.g aleg roup.com.mel.org/
ps/i.do?id=GALE
%7CA20125511&v=2.1&u=lom_accessmich&it=r&p=AONE&SW=w
Cameron, C. & Luna, L. (2005). Leiningers transcultural nursing. In Fitzpatrick, J. J. &
Whall, A. L., Conceptual
models of nursing: Analysis and application (p. 177). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Prentice Hall.
Florida Atlantic University. (2011, March 15). The Madeleine M. Leininger Collection
on Human Caring and
Transcultural Nursing, circa 1950-. Retrieved from
http://nursing.fau.edu/uploads/docs/527/Leininger_M_ARC-
008_GenDescr.pdf.
Sagar, P. L. (2012). Madeleine Leininger Theory, In Transcultural nursing theory &
models: Application in nursing education,
practice, & application (pp.1-13). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Tomey & Alligood. (2001). Madeleine Leiningers culture care: Diversity and
universality theory. Understanding the
Work of Nurse Theorists, (p. 94). Retrieved from
http://nursing.jbpub.com/sitzman/ch15pdf.pdf
Weiner, l., Mcconnell, D. G., Latella, l., & Ludi, E. (2012). Cultural and religious
considerations in pediatric palliative care. Palliative Support Care. 11(1): 47-67. doi:
10.1017/S1478951511001027.