According to the study entitled, Solid Waste Management and Exhibition on

Municipal Services, Urban Development, Public Works & Clean technology

by Shwetmala et al. (2011, November ), due to urbanization of areas in India,

the cities develop and expanded, the open lands are converted to concreted

surfaces, now, the natural water courses and waterways suffered, which

contributes to urban flooding. As a result, the level of infiltration of rain water

is greatly reduced and the volume of run-off greatly increased. Among the

reasons of urban flooding in such water courses or open sewers stated are

accumulation of silt or dumped debris and disposal of solid waste in the

channel. This solid wastes blocks the drainage channels and the sewer pipes

can no longer take the large flow. With the high intensity rains that leads to

large runoff, the water level in these drains rise releasing obstructed

components. They come up with a solution of a door-to-door and community

bin collection. But the system is incomplete or not accessible to many slums

depending on the layout and location of common bins thats why they come

up again with storm water drains under low lying areas: A digital elevation

model (DEM) was created for Bangalore city using ASTER image of 30m

resolution to analyse water catchment areas and drainage basins within the

boundary of the city. They found out that the commonalities of flooding

observed is caused by: low lying areas and poor drainage makes the location

quite prone to flooding; a large load of solid waste disposed into the drain

aggravates the situation by choking the water course; and the presence of
other pipes across the flow path provides barriers on which solid waste

particle can adhere and allow the drainage path to be choked.

The study of Assessment of Impediments and Factors Affecting Waste

Management: A Case of Accra Metropolis by Clifford James Fagariba and

Shaoxian Song ( 2016,September) states that the rapidly increasing

population together with the poor capacity of municipal and private waste

management companies to manage the waste effectively has created

environmental concerns. Most of the households dispose their waste

indiscriminately that leads to flooding and health issues. According to the

study about 60% of the household waste is organic, and includes plastic and

rubbers that blocks the major storm drains and gutter which is 11% of the

total components of most household waste generated daily. The study

revealed that dumping waste in skip containers is preferred as a method of

disposing waste while other prefer burying and burning. But the inadequate

skip containers and irregularity of tracks picking these containers became a

problem .Aside from these, the poor public attitude towards waste

management, poor enforcement of sanitation by-laws, inadequate and

untimely release of government funds were seen as the main factors

affecting waste management. As a result, the area studied is faced with

frequent floods. The study conducted suggested the introduction of

recycling of waste materials into compost, bio energy and other forms of raw
materials to reduce environmental pollution. And also if the government

would focus its attention on waste management incorporating prudent

policies and allocating enough funds for the work to be efficient to achieve a

good result.