Tiu chun nc ung ng chai TCVN 6096 2004

(Ban hnh theo quyt nh s 23/2004/Q-BKHCN ngy 25 thng 8 nm 2004 ca B trng

B Khoa hc v Cng ngh)
Nc ung ng chai (Bottled/packaged drinking waters): c s dng ung trc tip v c
th cha khong cht v cacbon dioxit (CO2) t nhin hoc b sung nhng khng phi l nc
khong thin nhin ng chai v khng c cha ng, cc cht to ngt, cc cht to hng
hoc bt k loi thc phm no khc.
A. Ch tiu cm quan

Tn ch tiu Mc

1. Mu sc, TCU, khng ln hn 15

2. c, NTU, khng ln hn 2

3. Mi, v Khng c mi, v l

B. Ch tiu ha l

1. pH 6.5 8.5

2. Tng cht rn ho tan, mg/l, khng ln hn 500

3. Clorua, mg/l, khng ln hn 250

4. Sunfat, mg/l, khng ln hn 250

5. Natri, mg/l, khng ln hn 200

6. Florua, mg/l, khng ln hn 1.5

7. Amoni, mg/l, khng ln hn 1.5

8. Km, mg/l, khng ln hn 3

9. Nitrat, mg/l, khng ln hn 50

10. Nitit, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.02

11. ng, mg/l, khng ln hn 1

12. st, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.5

13. Nhm tng s, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.2

14. Mangan, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.5

15. Bari, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.7

16. Borat, mg/l tnh theo B, khng ln hn 5

17. Crm, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.05

18. Asen, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.01

19. Thu ngn, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.001

20. Cadimi, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.003

21. Xyanua, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.07

22. Niken, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.02

23. Ch, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.01

24. Selen, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.01

25. Antimon, mg/l, khng ln hn 0.005

26. Hydrocacbon thm a vng TCVN 1329-2002

27. Mc nhim x
Tng phng x , Bq/l, khng ln hn
Tng phng x , Bq/l, khng ln hn
0.1
1

28. D lng thuc bo v thc vt TCVN 1329-2002

C. Ch tiu vi sinh vt ca nc ung ng chai :

Kim tra ln u
 E. Coli hoc coliform chu nhit

Coliforms tng s

Srteptococci feacal

Pseudomonas areruginosa

Bo t vi khun k kh kh sunphit

Kim tra ln th hai

Coliform tng s

Streptocci feacal

Bo t vi khun k kh kh sunphit

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Kim tra ln th hai c thc hin s dng cng th tch nh dng kim tra ln u.
n y bn c th t hnh dung c th no l nc NUC. Cn ai ni nc ung ng chai
khng tt cho sc kho th i kin B Khoa Hc v Cng Ngh
Xt nghim nc l cng vic cn lm tm ra nhng vn ca ngun nc. Da trn kt qu xt
nghim ta c th d dng chn la cng ngh v thit b s l nc .
Xin s lc cch c cc ch s trong bng xt nghim nh sau:

1. Mi v

Nc ging ngm: mi trng thi l do c kh H 2S, kt qu ca qu trnh phn hy cc cht

hu c trong lng t v ha tan vo mch nc ngm. Mi tanh ca st v mangan.
Nc mt (sng, sui, ao h): mi tanh ca to l do s xut hin ca cc loi to v vi sinh
vt. Trong trng hp ny nc thng c mu xanh.
Nc my: mi ha cht kh trng (clo) cn d li trong nc.
Mi v khc l s gy cm gic kh chu khi dng nc. Tu theo loi mi v m c cch x l ph
hp nh dng ha cht dit to trong ao h, keo t lng lc, hp ph bng than hot tnh,

2. Mu

Mu vng ca hp cht st v mangan.

Mu xanh ca to, hp cht hu c.
Nc c mu cao thng gy kh chu v mt cm quan. Vi cc quy trnh x l nh sc kh
ozn, clo ha s b, keo t, lng lc c th lm gim mu ca nc. Cn lu , khi ngun nc
 c mu do hp cht hu c, vic s dng Clo c th to ra cht mi l trihalomethane c kh nng
gy ung th.

3. pH
Ngun nc c pH > 7 thng cha nhiu ion nhm carbonate v bicarbonate (do chy qua nhiu
tng t ). Ngun nc c pH < 7 thng cha nhiu ion gc axit.
Bng chng d thy nht lin quan gia pH v sc khe ca ngi s dng l n lm hng men
rng
pH ca nc c lin quan n tnh n mn thit b, ng ng dn nc v dng c cha nc. c
bit, trong mi trng pH thp, kh nng kh trng ca Clo s mnh hn. Tuy nhin, khi pH > 8,5
nu trong nc c hp cht hu c th vic kh trng bng Clo d to thnh hp cht
trihalomethane gy ung th.
Theo tiu chun, pH ca nc s dng cho sinh hot l 6,0 8,5 v ca nc ung l 6,5 8,5.
4. c
c l i lng o hm lng cht l lng trong nc, thng do s hin din ca cht keo,
st, to v vi sinh vt.
Nc c gy cm gic kh chu cho ngi dng v c kh nng nhim vi sinh. Tiu chun nc
sch quy nh c nh hn 5NTU, nhng gii hn ti a ca nc ung ch l 2 NTU. Cc quy
trnh x l nh keo t, lng, lc gp phn lm gim c ca nc.

5. kim
kim ca nc l do cc ion bicarbonate, carbonate v hydroxide to nn. Trong thnh phn ha
hc ca nc, kim c lin quan n cc ch tiu khc nh pH, cng v tng hm lng
khong. Vic xc nh kim ca nc gip cho vic nh lng ha cht trong qu trnh keo t,
lm mm nc cng nh x l chng n mn.
Hin nay, khng c bng chng c th no lin quan gia kim v sc khe ca ngi s dng.
Thng thng, nc dng cho n ung nn c kim thp hn 100 mg/l.

6. cng
cng l i lng o tng cc cation a ha tr c trong nc, nhiu nht l ion canxi v magi.
Nc mt thng khng c cng cao nh nc ngm. Ty theo cng ca nc ngi ta chia
thnh cc loi sau:

cng t 0 50mg/l -> Nc mm

cng t 50 150mg/l -> Nc hi cng
cng t 150 300mg/l -> Nc cng
cng > 300mg/l -> Nc rt cng
Nc cng thng cn nhiu x phng hn to bt, hoc gy hin tng ng cn trng trong
thit b un, ng dn nc nng, thit b gii nhit hay l hi. Ngc li, nc cng thng khng
gy hin tng n mn ng ng v thit b.Theo tiu chun nc sch, cng c quy nh
nh hn 350 mg/l. i vi nc n ung, cng nh hn 300 mg/l. Tuy nhin, khi cng vt
qu 50 mg/l, trong cc thit b un nu xut hin cn trng. Trong thnh phn ca cng, canxi
v magi l 2 yu t quan trng thng c b sung cho c th qua ng thc n. Tuy nhin,
nhng ngi c nguy c mc bnh si thn cn hn ch vic hp th canxi v magi hm lng
cao.
C th kh cng bng phng php trao i ion.

7. Tng cht rn ha tan (TDS)

TDS l i lng o tng cht rn ha tan c trong nc, hay cn gi l tng cht khong.
Tiu chun nc sch quy nh TDS nh hn 1.000 mg/l. Tiu chun nc ung quy nh TDS nh
hn 500 mg/l.
8. oxy ha (Cht hu c)
oxy ha c dng nh gi mc nhim ca ngun nc. C 2 phng php xc nh
oxy ha ty theo ha cht s dng l phng php KMnO 4 v K2CrO7.
Tiu chun nc sch quy nh oxy ha theo KMnO 44) nh hn 2 mg/l. nh hn 4 mg/l. Tiu
chun nc ung quy nh oxy ha (theo KMnO
9. Nhm
Nhm l thnh phn chnh trong cc loi khong, t st. Nhm c dng trong cc ngnh cng
nghip sn xut cht bn dn, thuc nhum, sn v c bit l ha cht keo t trong x l nc .
Nc khai thc t vng t nhim phn thng c pH thp v hm lng nhm cao.
Nhm khng gy ri lon c ch trao i cht, tuy nhin c lin quan n cc bnh Alzheimei v gia
tng qu trnh lo ha. Tiu chun nc ung quy nh hm lng nhm nh hn 0,2 mg/l.

10. St
Do ion st hai d b oxy ha thnh hydroxyt st ba, t kt ta v lng nn st t tn ti trong ngun
nc mt. i vi nc ngm, trong iu kin thiu kh, st thng tn ti dng ion Fe 2+ v ho
tan trong nc. Khi c lm thong, st hai s chuyn ha thnh st ba, xut hin kt ta hydroxyt
st ba c mu vng, d lng. Trong trng hp ngun nc c nhiu cht hu c, st c th tn ti
dng keo (phc hu c) rt kh x l. Ngoi ra, nc c pH thp s gy hin tng n mn
ng ng v dng c cha, lm tng hm lng st trong nc.
St khng gy c hi cho c th. Khi hm lng st cao s lm cho nc c v tanh, mu vng,
c v mu tng nn kh s dng. Tiu chun nc ung v nc sch u quy nh hm lng
st nh hn 0,5 mg/l.

11. Mangan
Mangan thng tn ti trong nc cng vi st nhng vi hm lng t hn. Khi trong nc c
mangan thng to lp cn mu en ng bm vo thnh v y bn cha.
Mangan c c tnh rt thp v khng gy ung th. hm lng cao hn 0,15 mg/l c th to ra v
kh chu, lm hoen qun o. Tiu chun nc ung v nc sch u quy nh hm lng
mangan nh hn 0,5 mg/l.

12. Asen (thch tn)

Do thm qua nhiu tng a cht khc nhau, nc ngm thng cha asen nhiu hn nc mt.
Ngoi ra asen c mt trong ngun nc khi b nhim nc thi cng nghip, thuc tr su.
Khi b nhim asen, c kh nng gy ung th da v phi. Tiu chun nc sch quy nh asen nh
hn 0,05 mg/l. Tiu chun nc ung quy nh asen nh hn 0,01 mg/l.

13. Cadimi
Do thm qua nhiu tng a cht khc nhau, nc ngm thng cha hm lng cadimi nhiu hn
nc mt. Ngoi ra Cadimi cn thy trong ngun nc b nhim nc thi cng nghip khai thc m,
nc r bi rc. Cadimi c th xut hin trong ng ng thp trng km nu xy ra hin tng n
mn.
Cadimi c tc ng xu n thn. Khi b nhim c cao c kh nng gy i ma. Tiu chun nc
ung quy nh Cadimi nh hn 0,003 mg/l.

14. Crm
Crm c mt trong ngun nc khi b nhim nc thi cng nghip khai thc m, xi m, thuc da,
thuc nhum, sn xut giy v gm s.
Crm ha tr 6 c c tnh mnh hn Crm ha tr 3 v tc ng xu n cc b phn c th nh
gan, thn, c quan h hp. Nhim c Crm cp tnh c th gy xut huyt, vim da, u nht. Crm
c xp vo cht c nhm 1 (c kh nng gy ung th cho ngi v vt nui). Tiu chun nc
ung quy nh crm nh hn 0,05 mg/l.
15. ng
ng hin din trong nc do hin tng n mn trn ng ng v cc dng c thit b lm bng
ng hoc ng thau. Cc loi ha cht dit to c s dng rng ri trn ao h cng lm tng hm
lng ng trong ngun nc. Nc thi t nh my luyn kim, xi m, thuc da, sn xut thuc tr
su, dit c hay phim nh cng gp phn lm tng lng ng trong ngun nc.
ng khng tch ly trong c th nhiu n mc gy c. hm lng 1 2 mg/l lm cho nc
c v kh chu, v khng th ung c khi nng cao t 5 8 mg/l. Tiu chun nc ung v
nc sch u quy nh hm lng ng nh hn 2 mg/l.

16. Ch
Trong ngun nc thin nhin ch pht hin hm lng ch 0,4 0,8 mg/l. Tuy nhin do nhim
nc thi cng nghip hoc hin tng n mn ng ng nn c th pht hin ch trong nc ung
mc cao hn.
Khi hm lng ch trong mu cao c th gy tn thng no, ri lon tiu ha, yu c, ph hy hng
cu. Ch c th tch ly trong c th n mc cao v gy c. Tiu chun nc ung v nc sch
u quy nh hm lng ch nh hn 0,01 mg/l.

17. Km
Km t khi c trong nc, ngoi tr b nhim t ngun nc thi ca cc khu khai thc qung.
Cha pht hin km gy c cho c th ngi, nhng hm lng > 5 mg/l lm cho nc c
mu trng sa. Tiu chun nc ung v nc sch u quy nh hm lng km < 3mg/l.

18. Niken
Niken t khi hin din trong nc, ngoi tr b nhim t ngun nc thi ca ngnh in t, gm
s, c quy, sn xut thp.
Niken c c tnh thp v khng tch ly trong cc m. Tiu chun nc ung v nc sch u quy
nh hm lng niken nh hn 0,02mg/l.

19. Thy ngn

Thy ngn him khi tn ti trong nc. Tuy nhin cc mui thy ngn c dng trong cng ngh
khai khong c kh nng lm nhim ngun nc.
Khi nhim c thy ngn cc c quan nh thn v h thn kinh s b ri lon. Tiu chun nc ung
v nc sch u quy nh hm lng thy ngn nh hn 0,001 mg/l.

20. Molybden
Molybden t khi c mt trong nc. Molybden thng c trong nc thi ngnh in, ha du, thy
tinh, gm s v thuc nhum.
Molybden d hp th theo ng tiu ha v tn cng cc c quan nh gan, thn. Tiu chun nc
ung quy nh molybden nh hn 0,07 mg/l.

21. Clorua
Ngun nc c hm lng clorua cao thng do hin tng thm thu t nc bin hoc do
nhim t cc lai nc thi nh m km, khai thc du, sn xut giy, sn xut nc t quy trnh
lm mm.
Clorua khng gy hi cho sc khe. Gii hn ti a ca clorua c la chn theo hm lng natri
trong nc, khi kt hp vi clorua s gy v mn kh ung. Tiu chun nc sch quy nh Clorua
nh hn 300 mg/l. Tiu chun nc ung quy nh Clorua nh hn 250 mg/l.

22. Amni Nitrit Nitrat

Cc dng thng gp trong nc ca hp cht nit l amni, nitrit, nitrat, l kt qu ca qu trnh
phn hy cc cht hu c hoc do nhim t nc thi. Trong nhm ny, amni l cht gy c
nhiu nht cho c v cc loi thy sinh. Nitrit c hnh thnh t phn ng phn hy nit hu c v
amni v vi s tham gia ca vi khun. Sau nitrit s c oxy ha thnh nitrat. Ngoi ra, nitrat cn
c mt trong ngun nc l do nc thi t cc ngnh ha cht, t ng rung c s dng phn ha
hc, nc r bi rc, nc ma chy trn. S c mt hp cht nit trong thnh phn ha hc ca
nc cho thy du hiu nhim ngun nc.

23. Sunfat
Sunfat thng c mt trong nc l do qu trnh oxy ha cc cht hu c c cha sunfua hoc do
nhim t ngun nc thi ngnh dt nhum, thuc da, luyn kim, sn xut giy. Nc nhim phn
thng cha hm lng sunfat cao.
nng sunfat 200mg/l nc c v cht, hm lng cao hn c th gy bnh tiu chy.
Tiu chun nc ung quy nh sunfat nh hn 250 mg/l.
24. Florua
Nc mt thng c hm lng flo thp khong 0,2 mg/l. i vi nc ngm, khi chy qua cc tng
vi, dolomit, t st, hm lng flo trong nc c th cao n 8 9 mg/l.
Kt qu nghin cu cho thy khi hm lng flo t 2 mg/l lm en rng. Nu s dng thng
xuyn ngun nc c hm lng Flo cao hn 4 mg/l c th lm mc xng. Flo khng c biu hin
gy ung th. Tiu chun nc ung quy nh hm lng flo trong khong 0,7 1,5 mg/l.

25. Xyanua
Xyanua c mt trong ngun nc do nhim t cc loi nc thi ngnh nha, xi m, luyn kim,
ha cht, si tng hp.
Xyanua rt c, thng tn cng cc c quan nh phi, da, ng tiu ha. Tiu chun nc ung
v nc sch u quy nh hm lng xuanua nh hn 0,07 mg/l.

26. Coliform
Vi khun Coliform (ph bin l Escherichia Coli) thng c trong h tiu ha ca ngi. S pht hin
vi khun Coli cho thy ngun nc c du hiu nhim.
Tiu chun nc ung v nc sch u quy nh hm lng E. Coliform bng 0. Ring Coliform
tng s trong nc sch c cho php 50 vi khun / 100 ml.
(Trch Handbook of Drinking Water Quality Standards & Control)