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De Moivre's Theorem
The process of mathematical induction can be used to prove a very
important theorem in mathematics known as De Moivre's theorem. If the
complex number z = r(cos + i sin ), then
The quantities for which a general function equals 0 are also called roots, or
sometimes zeros.
(1
)
Writing the th power of a complex number in terms of its norm and phase
gives
(2
)
(3
)
(4)
Submitted to:
Mr. Luis Ronquillo III
Trigonometric Form of a Complex Number
The trigonometric form of a complex number z = a + bi is
z = r(cos + isin ),
where r = |a + bi| is the modulus of z, and tan = b a . is called the
argument of z. Normally, we will require 0 < 2.
Example Write the following complex numbers in trigonometric form:
(a) 4 + 4i
To write the number in trigonometric form, we need r and .
r = 16 + 16 = 32 = 4 2
tan = 4 4 = 1
= 3 4 ,
since we need an angle in quadrant II (we can see this by graphing the
complex number).
Then,
4 + 4i = 4 2 cos 3 4 + isin 3 4
Note: You want to the leave the angle in your answer instead of
simplifying. There are several reason for this. First, we worked hard to get
the angle. Second, it will be easier to do certain mathematical operations
if we have the angle, as well see later in this section.
De Moivres Theorem
A formula useful for finding powers and roots of complex numbers.
nth Roots
The last discovery is that of taking roots of complex numbers in polar form.
Using De Moivres Theorem we can develop another general rule one for
finding the nth root of a complex number written in polar form.
znr(cos+isin)
n[r(cos+isin)]1nr1n(cos1n+isin1n)r1n(cosn+isinn)=v=s(cos+
isin)=s(cos+isin)=s(cos+isin)=s(cos+isin)
From this derivation, we can conclude that r1n=s or sn=r and =n.
Project
In
Trigonometr
y
Submitted by:
Jingle Gonzales
Submitted to:
Mr. Luis Ronquillo III
Trigonometric Form of a Complex Number
The last discovery is that of taking roots of complex numbers in polar form.
Using De Moivres Theorem we can develop another general rule one for
finding the nth root of a complex number written in polar form.
znr(cos+isin)
n[r(cos+isin)]1nr1n(cos1n+isin1n)r1n(cosn+isinn)=v=s(cos+
isin)=s(cos+isin)=s(cos+isin)=s(cos+isin)
From this derivation, we can conclude that r1n=s or sn=r and =n.
Project
In
Trigonometry
Submitted by:
Alexis Denise Nebres
Submitted to:
Mr. Luis Ronquillo III