Example 3

Determine the reactions for the beam shown in Fig., by

the method of least work. EI is constant.

5 kN 30 kN

B
A D
C
2m 4m 4m

31
Solution
The beam is supported by four reactions. The equations
of equilibrium is three, so the beam is indeterminate to
the first degree.
degree

5 kN 30 kN

B D
A Dx
C
MD
By
Dy

Let us select the reaction By to be the redundant.

32
Solution 5 kN 30 kN

B D
A Dx
C
MD
By
Dy

The magnitude of the redundant will be determined by

minimizing the strain energy of the beam with respect to
By.
The strain energy of a beam subjected only to bending is

L M2
U dx (1)
0
2 EI
33
Solution 5 kN 30 kN

B D
A Dx
C
MD
By
Dy

According to the Principle of Least Work.

wU L wM M
dx 0 (2)
wB y y
0 wB EI

q
To determine the equations for bendingg moments,, M,,
the beam is divided into three segments, AB, BC, and CD.
The x coordinates used for determining the equations are
shown in Figure on next slide.
34
Solution
The bending moment equations , in terms of By, are
tabulated in Table.
5 kN 30 kN

B D
A Dx
C
x MD
By
Dy
2m

Segment Origin Limits M M/By

AB A 02 5x 0

35
Solution
The bending moment equations , in terms of By, are
tabulated in Table.
5 kN 30 kN

B D
A Dx
C
x MD
By
Dy
2m 4m

Segment Origin Limits M M/By

AB A 02 5x 0
BC A 26 5x + By((x2)) x2

36
Solution
The bending moment equations , in terms of By, are
tabulated in Table.
5 kN 30 kN

B D
A Dx
C
x MD
By
Dy
2m 4m 4m

Segment Origin Limits M M/By

AB A 02 5x 0
BC A 26 5x + By((x2)) x2
CD A 6 10 5x + By(x2) 30(x6) x2
37
Solution
By substituting the expressions for M and M/By into
Eq. (2), we write
wU L wM M
dx 0 (2)
wB y 0
wB y EI

1 2 1 6
 5 x 0 dx  y
EI 0
EI 2
 5 x  B x  2 x  2 dx 
1 10
y 0
EI 6
 5 x  B x  2   30 x  6 x  2 dx
By integrating, we obtain
 2773 .327  170 .66 B y 0 By 16 .25 kN n ANS

38
Solution
By using the equations of equilibrium, the remaining
reactions are find as
Dy 18 .8 kN n ANS
Dx 0 ANS
MD 40 kN  m ANS

5 kN 30 kN

MD = 40 kNm
B D
A Dx = 0
C

16.25
By = 16 25 kN
Dy = 18.8 kN

39
 5 kN 30 kN
Solution
MD = 40 kNm
B D
A Dx = 0
C

By = 16.20 kN
Dy = 18.8 kN

11 2
11.2
Shear Diagram

18.8

35
Moment Diagram

10
40
40