LABORATORY REPORT

VERIFICATION OF OHMs LAW

STUDENT : MUHAMMAD ASYRAF BIN

NORAHAIRUZAN
STUDENT ID NO: TP039228
INTAKE CODE: APTD1F1505EE
LECTURER: DR LAU CHEE YONG
SUBMISSION DATE: 27 MAY 2016

Contents
Abstract
3
Introduction.
.4

Objectives
5
Procedure.
6
Analysis of
Data....7
Discussion..
8
Recommendation
.9

Conclusion
10
Abstract

Done carried out experiment about measurement of current and

voltage in the circuit. The objective of this experiment, we expected
to skilled in designing the circuit arrangement, skilled in placing and
using multimeter, understand the principle of Ohms law, plotting
the graph of current and voltage based on result obtained and
understanding characteristic and relationship of Ohms law
effectively. We did three experiments in this lab. In the first activity,
we aimed to know the voltage across the resistor. While in second
activity, we aimed to measure the current through the resistor.
Third, we aimed to calculate the amount of resistance across the
circuit. The apparatus used in this experiment consisted of power
supply DC supply, multimeter, a resistor, breadboard and jumper
wires. From the experiments we have done, we can conclude that
the current passing through a conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points
and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. It proved
the Ohms law applies to electrical circuit.
Introduction

Ohms law is used in electrical engineering to calculate the

relationship between current, voltage and resistance. The
calculations are required to design a safe circuit. Ohms law is apply
in our every day life in electrical things that we use, such as light
bulbs, electric stoves, and others. Ohms law was discovered by a
scientist named Georg Simon Ohm. It published in his paper titled
The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically in 1872. Ohms
principal discovery was that the amount of electric current through a
metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage
across it, for any given temperature.

According to Ohms, there is a linear relationship between the

voltage drop across a circuit element and the current flowing
through it. Therefore the resistance R is viewed as a constant
independent of the voltage and the current. In equation form, Ohms
law is:

V=IR

For this experiment, implies that, for a resistor with constant

resistance, the current flowing through it is proportional to the
voltage across it. If the voltage is held constant, then the current is
inversely proportional to the resistance.

By doing this lab we are expected to skilled in designing the simple-

safe circuit arrangement, skilled in placing and using multimeter,
plotting the graph of current versus voltage based on result
obtained and, understand the principle of Ohms law.

Procedure

1. The circuit is connected as shown in above figure on the

breadboard.
2. The DC power supply voltage is adjusted to 5V. The voltage
across the resistor and current flowing the resistor is
observed. The voltage and current readings are noted in the
tabular column.
3. Repeat step 2 for different DC power supply voltages in steps.
The observed readings are noted in the tabular column.
4. The graph is plotted by using the data in the tabular column
by taking voltage (V) across the resistor in the Y-axis and
current (I) through the resistor in the X-axis. The gradient is
found.
Analysis of data

DC Power Voltage Across Current Resistance, R

Supply, V (V) Resistor, V (V) Through ()
Resistor, I (mA)
0 0 0 0
5 4.990 2.500 1.996
10 10.130 5.100 1.986
15 15.150 7.700 1.968
20 20.210 10.200 1.981
25 25.280 12.900 1.960
30 30.420 15.600 1.950

Gradient= Y2 Y1
X2 - X1
= 20.0 5.0
10.2 - 2.5
= 1.948
 VOLTAGE VERSUS CURRENT

35

30

25

20

15

10
VOLTAGE/V
5

CURRENT/I

Discussion

The internal resistance exist everywhere. Internal resistance give

means when the power source delivers current, the measured
voltage output is lower than the no-load voltage. It caused the
voltage drop. Also it affect the reading of the measurement due to
fluctuation.

The reading of the measurement can be false also caused by the

system error. Systematic errors in experimental observations usually
come from the measuring instruments. They may occur because
there is something wrong with the instrument or its data handling
system, or because the instrument is wrongly used by the
experimenter.
Recommendation
Due to existence of internal resistance, to get the best result we can
conduct a few methods which is taking the average reading. Repeat
the same measurement and take the average reading.

In order to get the best measurement, always take the average

reading of the measurement.

Formula= 1st reading + 2nd reading + 3rd reading

Number of repeated measurement

Second, calibrate the device before taking measurement.

Calibration is a comparison between a known measurement (the
standard) and the measurement using your instrument. Typically,
the accuracy of the standard should be ten times the accuracy of
the measuring device being tested. Calibration of your measuring
instruments has two objectives. It checks the accuracy of the
instrument and it determines the traceability of the measurement.
Calibration improves the accuracy of the measuring device.
Accurate measuring devices improve product quality. Whenever
possible, the calibration of an instrument should be checked before
taking data. If a calibration standard is not available, the accuracy of
the instrument should be checked by comparing with another
instrument that is at least as precise, or by consulting the technical
data provided by the manufacturer. When making a measurement
with a micrometer, electronic balance, or an electrical meter, always
check the zero reading first. Re-zero the instrument if possible, or
measure the displacement of the zero reading from the true zero
and correct any measurements accordingly. It is a good idea to
check the zero reading throughout the experiment.

Conclusion
From the experiment we have done, we can conclude that the value
of voltages depend on how big are the value of resistors. The bigger
the value of resistors, the bigger the value of electromotive force
will be resulted. This shows that the voltage range and resistor
value is linear to each other, while perpendicular with the value of
current. The value voltage range in a circuit will be linear with the
value of resistor chosen, and perpendicular with the value of current
resulted.