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• Domestic drug markets appear to be increasingly supplied with methamphetamine produced in methamphetamine superlabs in Mexico.
• Production and distribution of ice methamphetamine—a higher purity, more addictive form of methamphetamine—by Mexican criminal groups has increased sharply over the past 2 years in many drug markets.
• Colombian DTOs are increasingly relying on Mexican DTOs and criminal groups to transport South American heroin to the United States much as they rely on Mexican DTOs to transport cocaine.
• The threat posed to the United States by the illegal diversion and abuse of prescription drugs has increased sharply since the mid-1990s and is now among the leading drug threats to the country.
• Law enforcement reporting indicates that transportation of bulk currency out of the United States—primarily overland across the U.S.–Mexico border—is the principal form of money laundering by DTOs.
February 2005 Product No. 2005-Q0317-006
• Increasing methamphetamine Foreign: Mexico and, to a much 3,845 kg Mexican: Direct from source Mexican: SWB states Los Angeles: Mexican, outlaw $3,500-$99,000 Mexican, Caucasian, and Asian $20-$300 per gram (powder) • Increases in foreign and domestic
availability in the Northeast region. lesser extent, Southeast Asia SE Asian: Direct from source (California, Texas, Arizona, and motorcycle gangs (OMGs) per kg* (powder); $13,200- criminal groups; Caucasian $60-$700 per gram (ice) production should raise domestic
• Ice availability has increased Domestic: California New Mexico) Phoenix: Mexican $154,000 per kg* (ice) independent dealers; Asian and methamphetamine availability.
Methamphetamine sharply since 2002. SE Asian: California, Hawaii San Diego: Mexican Hispanic street gangs; OMGs • Production and distribution of ice
• Production of methamphetamine in San Francisco: Mexican *normally sold in pound by Mexican criminal groups is likely
Mexico is increasing. (Hawaiian, Filipino, and Asian quantities $1,600-$45,000 per to increase.
• Sharp increase in DTOs distribute ice) pound (powder); $6,000-
methamphetamine seizures at and $70,000 per lb (ice)
between Arizona ports of entry
(POEs).
• Since 1994, marijuana emergency Foreign: Mexico, Colombia, 1,225,000 kg (seizures in Texas, Mexican: Direct from source Mexican: SWB states (primarily Chicago: Mexican $770-$4,400 per kg* Caucasian, Jamaican, African $5-$50 per gram • As DTOs continue to expand large-
department (ED) mentions and Canada, Jamaica Arizona, California, and New Colombian: Mexico, Caribbean Texas and Arizona followed by Dallas/Houston: Mexican (commercial-grade); American, Hispanic, Asian, and $2-$10 per joint scale domestic cultivation operations,
treatment admissions increased. Domestic: California, Mexico account for 1,139,000 kg) island nations California and New Mexico) Los Angeles/San Diego: $1,980-$13,200 per kg* Native American local overall marijuana production in the
• U.S. marijuana production Appalachia (Tennessee, Canadian: Direct from source Colombian: Miami/S Florida, Mexican, Jamaican; street gangs (sinsemilla) independent dealers; African U.S. will increase.
increasing partly because of Kentucky), Hawaii, Pacific Jamaican: Caribbean island SWB states, New York City Miami: Hispanic, Haitian, African American and Hispanic street • Expansion of cannabis cultivation
Marijuana increased involvement by U.S.- Northwest (Washington, Oregon) nations Canadian: Northern Border American *normally sold in pound gangs; Jamaican, Mexican, and on public lands may increase the
based Mexican DTOs. states New York: Jamaican, Mexican quantities $350-$2,000 per lb Asian criminal groups; OMGs; threat of violence against
• Size of marijuana shipments from Jamaican: Miami/S Florida, Phoenix/Tucson: Mexican, (commercial-grade); prison gangs unsuspecting passersby.
Canada increased. New York City Jamaican $900-$6,000 per lb (sinsemilla)
Seattle: Caucasian, Hispanic,
Vietnamese, OMGs
• Heroin treatment admissions Mexico, Colombia, Southeast 2,361.8 kg Mexican (MX): Direct from MX: SWB states (primarily Chicago: Colombian (SA), MX: $18,000-$50,000 per kg African American (MX, SA), Asian $10 per dose (approximately • Demand for heroin will remain lower
increased each year since 1992. Asia (Burma, Laos, Thailand); source California and Texas followed by Mexican (MX), Nigerian (SEA, SA: $52,000-$90,000 per kg (SEA, SWA), Caucasian (SA), 50-100 mg) than for other major drugs.
• Potential worldwide heroin Southwest Asia (Afghanistan, South American (SA): Direct Arizona and New Mexico) SWA) SEA: $40,000-$80,000 per kg Colombian (SA), Dominican (SA), • The increase in worldwide heroin
production increased in 2002, 2003, Pakistan) from source, Central/South SA: Miami/S Florida, NYC, Los Angeles: Mexican SWA: $60,000-$70,000 per kg Guatemalan (MX), Honduran production is unlikely to cause an
and 2004 primarily because of American countries, Caribbean Newark, SWB states (primarily New York: Colombian, (MX), Mexican (MX), Puerto increase in heroin availability in the
Heroin increased production in island nations, Mexico Texas) Dominican, Mexican, Chinese, Rican (SA) criminal groups; U.S. because the increase is mostly
Afghanistan. Southeast Asian (SEA): SEA: NYC, Los Angeles, Northern Nigerian, Pakistani African American (MX, SA, SEA, attributed to Southwest Asian heroin,
• Sharp increase in South American China, SE Asian countries, Border states (Washington, SWA), Hispanic (MX, SA, SEA, which is typically destined for Asian
heroin seizures along Southwest Taiwan, Hong Kong, Canada Michigan, New York) SWA) street gangs and European drug markets.
Border. Southwest Asian (SWA): SWA: NYC, Chicago, Detroit,
European and Central Asian Atlanta, Washington, D.C.
countries, Canada
• MDMA availability has decreased Foreign: Netherlands, Belgium 1,319,492 du Western European countries, New York City, Newark, Miami, Los Angeles: Israeli, Russian, $4-$20 per du Caucasian independent dealers; $6-$50 per du • MDMA abuse likely to continue
since 2001. (also Poland, Germany, Canada, Canada, Mexico, Dominican Los Angeles (via international Asian (1,000 du lots) African American, Asian, and declining among all age groups.
• More adolescents perceive risk in Latin America) Republic airports); Northern Border states Miami: Russian, Israeli, Eastern Hispanic street gangs; OMGs; • MDMA smuggling across the
using MDMA. Domestic: Limited (New York, Washington), Texas European, Dominican (also prison gangs Northern Border may increase as
MDMA • Decrease in MDMA smuggled Colombian, Caucasian) MDMA trafficking organizations
directly to the U.S. from source New York: Israeli, Russian, (also avoid transporting the MDMA directly
areas. Asian DTOs increasingly are Asian, Eastern European, to the U.S. by first transporting the
involved in MDMA trafficking and Dominican, Colombian, OMGs, drug to Canada.
may become the primary domestic Traditional Organized Crime
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suppliers. {TOC} groups)