Score Sheet for HVAC SYSTEM Efficiency NOTES

HVAC University of Alabama - Mechanical Engineering Enter values for items in yellow cells that apply to system.
Item # System Description: Water Cooled Centrifugal Chiller Std. 90.1 Not all systems will contain all seven HVAC items.
with FPVAV kW Ton hp/ton hp/1000cfm The required power input is computed in Column D. Column E includes the base
1 Chiller/Compressor: kW/Ton -----> 0.5 0.50 1.00 0.6032 output (1 ton) and indoor fan and chilled water pump heat penalties (in tons).
2 Supply Air Handling Unit Total Fan Pressure 4 0.30 -0.08 0.36 0.90 Column F converts values to motor hp/ton. Column G computes the value of
Motor Eff (%) -----> 90 hp/1000 cfm that is used in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 to limit fan power.
Fan Eff. (%) -----> 70 The Standard limits fan power to 1.5 hp/1000 cfm for AHUs > 20,000 cfm
Airflow in cfm/ton -----> 400 and 1.7 hp/1000 cfm for AHUs < 20,000 cfm for VAV systems
3 Return Fan Pressure: Inches of Water -----> 2 0.15 -0.03 0.18 0.45 For CAV systems limits are 1.1 hp/1000 cfm and 1.2 hp/cfm.
Motor Eff (%) -----> 90
Fan Eff. (%) -----> 70
Exhaust Air Percent of Return Air (%) -----> 20 Return fan heat in % exhausted air is not included in fan heat penalty.
4 Chilled Water Pump Head - Ft. of Water ------> 70 0.05 -0.01 0.06 For primary-secondary, add pump heads.
Motor Eff (%) -----> 90
Pump Eff. (%) -----> 70
Chilled Water Flow in gpm/ton -----> 2.4
5 Condenser Pump Head - Ft. of Water ------> 70 0.06 0.08
Motor Eff (%) -----> 90
Pump Eff. (%) -----> 70
Condenser Water Flow in gpm/ton -----> 3
6 Cooling Tower or Condenser Fan kW/Ton----> 0.065 0.07 0.08 kW/ton values from generic manufacurer data, use actual values if known
7 Zone FCU or VAV Terminal Fans kW/ton -----> 0.130 0.13 -0.04 0.11 0.28 kW/ton values from generic manufacurer data, use actual values if known
1.26 0.83 1.63 Eg.: A fan for a 3-ton unit draws 0.5 kW, kW/Ton=0.5 kW 3 tons = 0.167
kW/Ton= 1.513 Summation in "Ton" column includes fan, pump, and motor heat deductions.
EER = 7.9
COP = 2.325
 Chiller & Compressor kW/Ton Values at Standard Conditions with Corrections Factors to Other Operating Conditions

Chiller or Condenser Fluid Cond. Fluid Evap. Fluid High Efficiency ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999
Compressor Type Temp (F) Temp. (F) Minimum Minimum
Chillers >300 ton 300-150 ton <150 ton >300 ton
Cent. Chiller Water CWT=85F 45/55F 0.48 0.58 0.63 0.7 0.68
Screw Chiller Water CWT=85F 45/55F 0.6 0.64 0.72 0.79 0.68
Screw Chiller Air OAT=95F 45/55F 1.1 1.14* 1.14*
Scroll Chiller Water CWT=85F 45/55F 0.62 0.64 0.72 0.79 0.68
Scroll Chiller Air OAT=95F 45/55F 1.1 1.14* 1.14*
Recip. Chiller Water CWT=85F 45/55F 0.8 0.84 0.93
Recip. Chiller Air OAT=95F 45/55F 1.1 1.14* 1.14*
DX Compressors High Eff. Medium Efficency Low Efficiency
Scroll - DX Water CWT=85F 45F 0.62 0.71 0.8
Scroll - DX Air OAT=95F 45F 0.81 0.85 0.95
Recip. - DX Water CWT=85F 45F 0.64 0.73 0.82
Recip. - DX Air OAT=95F 45F 0.83 0.88 0.98
kW/Ton Correctors Chillers Input Req'd for: *Use Std. 90.1 ratings that do not include condenser fan power.
CondGpmTon 3 WC only
ChillerLWT 45 1.00 AC & WC
CondEWT 85 1.00 WC only kW/ton kW/ton
OAT 95 1.00 AC only Std.Cond Corrected ASHRAE Standard 90.1
Net Correction Water Cooled 1.00 WC Chiller 0.65 0.65 Chiller and DX Equipme
Net Correction Air Cooled 1.00 AC Chiller 1.14 1.13 Efficiencies
Direct Expansion
EvapCfmTon 400 1.00 AC & WC
EvapTemp 45 1.00 AC & WC
DXCondGpmTon 3 WC only
DXCondEWT 85 1.00 WC only kW/ton kW/ton
DXOAT 95 1.00 AC only Std.Cond Corrected
Net Correction Water Cooled 1.00 WC DX 0.7 0.70
Net Correction Air Cooled 1.00 AC DX 0.85 0.85
 ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999
Minimum
300-150 ton <150 ton
0.84 0.93
0.84 0.93
1.14*
0.84 0.93
1.14*
0.93
1.14*
Low Efficiency
0.8
0.95
0.82
0.98
t include condenser fan power.

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004

Chiller and DX Equipment
Efficiencies

Standard 90.1-2004 Chiller Performance Requirements for: Chilled water = 44F (7C) LWT and
Water Cooled Condenser in/out = 85F/95F (29C/35C) OR Air Cooled = 95F (35C) Outdoor Air
Temperature
 Chiller Type <150 tons (530 kW) >150, <300 tons >300 tons (1060 kW)
COP kW/Ton EER COP kW/Ton EER COP kW/Ton EER
Air-Cooled 2.8 1.26 9.6 2.8 1.26 9.6 2.8 1.26 9.6
w. Cond. Fan
Air-Cooled 3.1 1.14 10.6 3.1 1.14 10.6 3.1 1.14 10.6
w/o. Cond. Fan
Water Cooled 4.2 0.84 14.3 4.2 0.84 14.3 4.2 0.84 14.3
Reciprocating
Water Cooled 4.45 0.79 15.2 4.9 0.72 16.7 5.5 0.64 18.8
Scroll & Screw
Water Cooled 5 0.7 17.1 5.55 0.63 18.9 6.1 0.58 20.8
Centrifugal

Direct Expansion Equipment: Evaporating temperature = 45F (7C) LWT and Water Cooled Condenser in/out
= 85F/95F (29C/35C) OR Air Cooled = 95F (35C) Outdoor Air Temperature
Compressor Type High Efficiency Medium Efficiency Minimum Efficiency
COP kW/Ton EER COP kW/Ton EER COP kW/Ton EER
Scroll 4.5 0.78 15.4 4.0 0.88 13.6 3.6 0.98 12.2
Air Cooled
Scroll 5.4 0.65 18.5 4.7 0.75 16.0 4.1 0.85 14.1
Water Cooled
Reciprocating 4.4 0.8 15.0 3.9 0.9 13.3 3.5 1 12.0
Air Cooled
Reciprocating 5.2 0.68 17.6 4.5 0.78 15.4 4.0 0.88 13.6
Water Cooled
 6
U p p e r T r a y ( ~ 9 5 F ) Fan
C o n d e n se r
I m p e lle r D isc h a rg e P o rt
W a te r

C ond en ser 1
F ill F ill M o to r
R e tu rn C h ille
C o m p re sso r
~ 5 5 F W a te
C h ille r ( E v a p o ra to r)

S u p p ly
W a te r B a sin ( ~ 8 5 F ) 5 C e n trifu g a l C h ille r
~ 4 5 F

C o o lin g T o w e r
3 R etu r n E x h a u s t A ir
7 7 A ir
7
V A V V A V V A V
T e r m in a l T e r m in a l T e r m in a l R e tu r n A ir F a n R e -C ir c u la te d
A ir
S u p p ly
F an
S u p p ly C h ille d W a te r C o il
A ir

7 V S F an
7 M ix e d A ir
V A V V A V
VA V
7 M o to r 2
T e r m in a l T e r m in a l F ilte r
T e r m in a l V e n tila tio n
A ir
P r im a r y I n v e r te r C h ille d W a te r R e tu r n
To
R oom 7 D r iv e A ir
S e r ie s F a n D r iv e C h ille d W a te r S u p p ly

A ir V a lv e
P ow ered V A V
T e r m in a l
4
R e -C ir c u la te d L o o p P u m p (s)
H o t W a ter o r R o o m A ir C e n t r a l A H U w ith V a r ia b le - S p e e d D r iv e F a n M o t o r O th e r A
E le c tr ic C o il
 e P o rt

o to r
R e tu rn C h ille d
sso r
~ 5 5 F W a te r
C h ille r
Pum p
S u p p ly
~ 4 5 F 4

E x h a u s t A ir

R e -C ir c u la te d
A ir

C o il

V e n tila tio n
A ir

e d W a te r R e tu r n
W a te r S u p p ly

4
L o o p P u m p (s)
O th e r A H U s
 6
U p p e r T ra y (~ 9 5 F ) F an

B o il e r o r
W a te r
F i ll H e a te r
F ill
C o nd enser H W P um p
W a te r I m p e lle r D is c h a r g e P o r t

C ondenser
M o to r
W a t e r B a s in ( ~ 8 5 F )
R e tu rn
C o m p re sso r
C o o li n g T o w e r 1 ~5 5 F

T w o -P ip e F a n C o il U n it ( F C U ) 5 C h ille r ( E v a p o r a t o r )
4
In d o o r C h ille r C W Pum p
C h i ll e d W a t e r
F an
S u p p ly ~ 4 5 F
R e tu rn M M M M
S u p p ly A ir FC U FC U FC U FC U
A ir
2 or 7
F i lt e r S u p p ly

A u x i l ia r y H e a t R e tu rn
R e tu rn M
( E le c t r ic F u r n a c e ) M M
FC U FC U FC U FC U
M

C h i l le d o r H o t
W a t e r S u p p ly
 T w o - P ip e F a n C o il U n it ( F C U ) 6 6 6
C o ndenser F ans
In d o o r
Fan
C o ndenser 1
R e tu rn C o m p re sso rs
S u p p ly
A ir 7 A ir
R e tu rn C
~5 5 F W
A u x ilia r y H e a t V e n t ila tio n
F ilte r
( E le c t r ic F u r n a c e ) A ir C h ille r ( E v a p o r a t o r )

S u p p ly
R e tu rn A ir - C o o le d C h ille r
~4 5 F 5
W a t e r S u p p ly

M M M M

FC U FC U FC U FC U
7
7 7 7
S u p p ly

R e tu rn
M FC U M FC U M FC U M FC U
7 7 7 7
C o ndenser F ans

1
C o m p re sso rs
R e tu rn C h ille d
~5 5 F W a te r
)

S u p p ly
r
~4 5 F 5
M

C U FC U
7
S u p p ly 7

R e tu rn
U M FC U

7 7
 C o ndenser
F an

F a n M o to r E va p o ra to r
6 2 In d o o r F a n
(B e lt D riv e )
C o ndenser
F a n P u lle y

1 V e n tila tio n A ir
F ilte r o r E c o n o m iz e r
C om p resso r
F u rn ace M o d e A ir

C u rb R oof D eck

S u p p ly R e tu rn
A ir A ir
A ttic S p a c e

C e ilin g F ilte r-G rill S u p p ly

R e tu rn R e g is te rs
 S u p p ly
A ir
S u p p ly D u c t

* T h e o u td o o r c o il is c o n d e n s e r in th e E m ergen cy H eat
c o o lin g m o d e a n d th e e v a p o r a to r in A u x ilia r y H e a t
th e h e a tin g m o d e . T h e in d o o r c o il is (E le c tr ic F u r n a c e )
th e e v a p o r a to r in th e c o o lin g m o d e M u lti-S p e e d
a n d th e c o n d e n s e r in th e h e a tin g m o d e . D ir e c t D r iv e 7
M o to r
I n d o o r U n it
O u td o o r In d o o r
C o il F a n Fan

B i-F lo w R e tu r n
6 TX V A ir
R e v e r s in g
V a lv e

O u td o o r F ilte r
In d o o r C o il*
1 C o il*
C o n d e n sa te
L iq u id
C o m p ressor H C
C H
V apor
O u t d o o r U n it
 S u p p ly
A ir
S u p p ly D u c t

A u x ilia r y H e a t A ir C o il
(E le c tr ic F u r n a c e ) C o n d e n se r in H e a tin g
E v a p o r a to r in C o o lin g

In d o o r F a n
w ith M u lti-S p e e d
D ir e c t D r iv e M o to r R e tu r n
A ir
7
B i-F lo w
TX V F ilte r

R e v e r s in g
V a lv e C o n d e n sa te
To H o t W a te r
Pum p F rom Tank

H e a t R e c o v e r y C o il
5 1
C o m p resso r

T o G rou n d P r im a r y W a te r C o il
H eat E xch an ger C on d en ser in C o o lin g
E v a p o r a to r in H e a tin g
(r e p la c e s o u td o o r c o il)
S e a le d s le e v e (P V C lo n g s w e e p e lb o w )
cfm PSC ECM VAV
Fan Power - Unitary Coils & VAV Terminals
600 210 150 250
800 310 235 331 1000
1000 370 315 410
1200 470 300 540 f(x) = 0.4505122951x
0.5071721311x - 118.8114754098
16.2008196721
800

Motor Power - Watts

1400 580 370 640 PSC - FPVAV
f(x) = 0.4923155738x - 201.987704918
1600 640 550 750
2000 950 900 840 600

400
PSC - Unitary & FCU

200
ECM - Unitary & FCU

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Air Flow Rate - CFM

Nom. Tons BAC-Cent. Im/Fr-Cent Im/Fr-Ax. Marley-Ax Protec-Ax

100 16.4 16.4 6.3 4.3 2.6 Fluid Cooler/Cooling Tower Fan De
200 33.1 32.8 8.3 8.3 4.3
300 48.2 48.2 18.6 12.3 8.3 70
400 60.5 32.6 16.4 12.3
500 20.3 12.3 60
kW with EPACT Motors

50

40 Centrifugal

30

Axi
20

10

0
100 150 200 250 300 350

Tons @ T(App.) & T(Range) = 10

rminals

8.8114754098
2008196721
1.987704918

ary & FCU

2000 2500

Cooling Tower Fan Demand

Centrifugal

Axial - Cross flow

Axial fan - Fiberglass shell

250 300 350 400 450 500

s @ T(App.) & T(Range) = 10 F