1961

This article is about the year 1961. For other uses, see
1961 (disambiguation).
1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday
(dominical letter A) of the Gregorian calendar, the 1961st
year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD)
designations, the 961st year of the 2nd millennium, the
61st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the
1960s decade. As MAD Magazine pointed out on its cover
for the March 1961 issue, this was the rst upside-up
year i.e., one in which the numerals that form the year
look the same as when the numerals are rotated upside
down, a strobogrammatic number since 1881.[1] The
next such year will be 6009.[2]
1 Events
forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the
Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Cemal Grsel forms the new government of
Turkey (25th government).
January 7 Following a four-day conference in
Casablanca, ve African chiefs of state announce
plans for a NATO-type African organization to en-
sure common defense. The Charter of Casablanca
involves the Casablanca Group: Morocco, the
United Arab Republic, Ghana, Guinea, and Mali.
January 8 In France, a referendum supports
Charles de Gaulle's policies on independence for
Algeria.
January 9 British authorities announce that they
have discovered a large Soviet spy ring in London.
January 17

1.1 January President Dwight Eisenhower gives his nal

State of the Union Address to Congress. In
Main article: January 1961 a Farewell Address the same day, he warns of
the increasing power of a "militaryindustrial
complex.
January 3 Patrice Lumumba of Republic of Congo is as-
sassinated.
United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower
announces that the United States has severed
diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba.
CubaUnited States relations are later restored
in 2015.
At the National Reactor Testing Station near
Idaho Falls, atomic reactor SL-1 explodes,
killing three military technicians.
Aero Flight 311 (Koivulahti air disaster):
Douglas DC-3C OH-LCC of Finnish airline
Aero crashes near Kvevlax (Koivulahti) on ap-
proach to Vaasa Airport in Finland killing all
25 on board, due to pilot error: an investiga-
tion nds that the captain and rst ocer were
both exhausted for lack of sleep and had taken
excessive alcohol at the time of the crash. It
remains the deadliest air disaster to occur in
the country.

January 5 Jan. 20: John F. Kennedy inaugurated as President of the U.S.

Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti marches

into the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and con- January 20 John F. Kennedy is sworn in as Presi-
fesses that he was part of the team that dent of the United States.

1
2 1 EVENTS
January 24 A B-52 Stratofortress, with two nuclear
bombs, crashes near Goldsboro, North Carolina.
January 25
In Washington, D.C., President John F.
Kennedy delivers the rst live presidential
news conference. In it, he announces that the
Soviet Union has freed the two surviving crew-
men of a USAF RB-47 reconnaissance plane
shot down by Soviet yers over the Barents Sea
July 1, 1960 (see RB-47H shot down).
One Hundred and One Dalmatians is released
in cinemas.
Acting to halt 'leftist excesses, a junta com-
posed of two army ocers and four civilians
takes over El Salvador, ousting another junta
that had ruled for three months.
Jnio Quadros is elected president of Brazil.
He later resigns on August 25.
January 26 President John F. Kennedy appoints
Janet G. Travell to be his physician, the rst woman
to hold this appointment.
January 28 Supercar, the rst family sci- TV se-
ries lmed in Supermarionation debuts on ATV.
January 30 President John F. Kennedy delivers his
rst State of the Union Address.
January 31 Ham the Chimp, a 37-pound (17-
kg) male, is rocketed into space aboard Mercury-
Redstone 2, in a test of the Project Mercury cap-
sule, designed to carry United States astronauts into
space.
1.2 February
Main article: February 1961
February 1 The United States tests its rst
Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile.[3]
February 3 China buys grain from Canada for $60
million.
February 4 The Portuguese Colonial War begins
in Angola.
February 5 February 9 In Congo, President
Joseph Kasa-Vubu names Joseph Ilo as the new
Prime Minister.
February 9 The Beatles perform for the rst time
at The Cavern Club.
February 12 The USSR launches Venera 1 towards
Venus.
February 13 The Congo government announces
that villagers have killed Patrice Lumumba.
February 14 Discovery of the chemical elements:
Element 103, Lawrencium, is rst synthesized in
Berkeley, California.
February 15
President Kennedy warns the Soviet Union to
avoid interfering with the United Nations paci-
cation of the Congo.[4]
A Sabena Boeing 707 crashes near Brussels,
Belgium, killing 73, including the entire
United States gure skating team and several
coaches.
A total solar eclipse occurs in the southern part
of Europe.
February 25 The last public trams in Sydney, Aus-
tralia, cease operation, bringing to an end the South-
ern Hemispheres largest tramway network.
February 26 Hassan II is pronounced King of
Morocco.
1.3 March
Main article: March 1961
MarchApril Drilling for Project Mohole is under-
taken o the coast of Guadalupe Island, Mexico.
March 1 United States President John F. Kennedy
establishes the Peace Corps.
March 3 Hassan II is crowned King of Morocco.
March 8
Max Conrad circumnavigates the earth in 8
days, 18 hours and 49 minutes, setting a new
world record.
The rst U.S. Polaris submarines arrive at Holy
Loch.
March 13
Black and white 5 notes cease to be legal ten-
der in the UK.
A dam bursts in Kiev, USSR, killing 145.
United States delegate to the United Nations
Security Council Adlai Stevenson votes against
Portuguese policies in Africa.
United States President John F. Kennedy pro-
poses a long-term "Alliance for Progress" be-
tween the United States and Latin America.[5]
1.4 April 3

Cyprus joins the Commonwealth of Na-

tions, becoming the rst small country in the
Commonwealth.[6]
Monash University in Melbourne, Australia,
takes in its rst students.
A second B-52 crashes near Yuba City, Cali-
fornia after cabin pressure is lost and the fuel
runs out. Two nuclear weapons are found un-
exploded.

March 15

South Africa withdraws from the

Commonwealth of Nations. The nation
rejoins the organization in 1994.
The Union of Peoples of Angola, led by
Holden Roberto, attacks strategic locations in
the north of Angola. These events result in the
beginning of the colonial war with Portugal.

March 18

A ceasere takes eect in the Algerian War of

Independence.
Nous les amoureux by Jean-Claude Pascal
(music by Jacques Datin, text by Maurice Vi-
dalin) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1961 April 12: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin through outer space.
for Luxembourg.

March 29 The Twenty-third Amendment to the April 13 In Portugal, a coup attempt against
United States Constitution is ratied, allowing res- Antnio de Oliveira Salazar fails.
idents of Washington, D.C. to vote in presidential
elections. April 17

March 30 The Single Convention on Narcotic The Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba begins; it
Drugs is signed at New York. fails by April 19.
The 33rd Academy Awards ceremony is held.

1.4 April April 18 Portugal sends to Angola its rst military

reinforcement.
Main article: April 1961 April 20 Fidel Castro announces that the Bay of
Pigs Invasion has been defeated.

April 5 The New Guinea Council of Western
Papua is installed.
April 8 The British passenger ship Dara blows up
and sinks o Dubai; 238 passengers and crew are
killed.
April 11 The trial of Nazi Adolf Eichmann begins
in Jerusalem.
April 12
Vostok 1: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin be-
comes the rst human in space, orbiting the
Earth once.
Albert Kalonji takes the title Emperor Albert I
Kalonji of South Kasai.
April 22 Algiers putsch: Four French generals who
oppose de Gaulle's policies in Algeria fail in a coup
attempt.
April 23 Judy Garland performs in a legendary
comeback concert at Carnegie Hall in New York
City.
April 24 The Swedish ship Vasa is removed from
the water after being sunk 333 years earlier.
April 27
President Kennedy urges newspapers to con-
sider national interest in times of struggle
against a monolithic and ruthless conspiracy
in an address before the American Newspaper
Publishers Association.[7]
4 1 EVENTS
Sierra Leone becomes independent from the
United Kingdom.
1.5 May
Main article: May 1961
May 4 U.S. Freedom Riders begin interstate bus
rides to test the new U.S. Supreme Court integration
decision.
May 5 Mercury program: Alan Shepard be-
comes the rst American in space aboard Mercury-
Redstone 3.
May 6 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. becomes the rst
team in the 20th century to win the English league
and cup double. This being the last time Tottenham
won the English League.
May 8 Briton George Blake is sentenced to 42
years imprisonment for spying.
May 9 In a speech on "Television and the Public In-
terest" to the National Association of Broadcasters,
FCC chairman Newton N. Minow describes com-
mercial television programming as a vast waste-
land.
May 14 African-American Civil Rights Move-
ment: A Freedom Riders bus is re-bombed near
Anniston, Alabama and the civil rights protestors are
beaten by an angry mob of Ku Klux Klan members.
May 15 J. Heinrich Matthaei alone performs the
Poly-U-Experiment and is the rst person to recog- 1.6 June
nize and understand the genetic code. This is the
birthdate of modern genetics.[8] Main article: June 1961
May 16 Park Chung-hee takes over in a military
coup in South Korea.
May 19 Venera 1 becomes the rst man-made ob-
ject to y-by another planet by passing Venus (how-
ever, the probe had lost contact with Earth a month
earlier and does not send back any data).
May 21 African-American Civil Rights Move-
ment: Alabama Governor John Patterson declares
martial law in an attempt to restore order after race
riots break out.
May 22 An earthquake rocks New South Wales.
May 24 African-American Civil Rights Move-
ment: Freedom Riders are arrested in Jackson, Mis-
sissippi for disturbing the peace after disembark-
ing from their bus.
May 25 Apollo program: President Kennedy an-
nounces before a special joint session of Congress
his goal to put a man on the Moon before the end of
the decade.
May 27 Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister
of Malaya, holds a press conference in Singapore,
announcing his idea to form the Federation of
Malaysia, comprising Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak,
Brunei and North Borneo (Sabah).
May 28 Peter Benenson's article The Forgot-
ten Prisoners is published in several internationally
read newspapers. This is later considered the found-
ing of the human rights organization Amnesty Inter-
national.
May 30 Rafael Lenidas Trujillo, totalitarian
despot of the Dominican Republic since 1930, is
killed in an ambush, putting an end to the second
longest-running dictatorship in Latin American his-
tory.
May 31
In France, rebel generals Maurice Challe and
Andre Zelelr are sentenced to 15 years in
prison.
South Africa ocially leaves the
Commonwealth of Nations.
President John F. Kennedy and Charles de
Gaulle meet in Paris.
Benca beats Barcelona 3-2 at Wankdorf Sta-
dium, Bern and wins the 196061 European
Cup (football).
June 1 Ethiopia experiences its most devastating
earthquake of the 20th century, with a magnitude
of 6.7. The town of Majete is destroyed, 45% of the
houses in Karakore collapse, 17 kilometers (11 mi)
of the main road north of Karakore are damaged by
landslides and ssures, and 5,000 inhabitants in the
area are left homeless.
June 4 Vienna summit: John F. Kennedy and
Nikita Khrushchev meet during two days in Vienna.
They discuss nuclear tests, disarmament and Ger-
many.
June 16 Russian ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev
requests asylum in France while in Paris with the
Kirov Ballet.
June 17
1.8 August
A Paris-to-Strasbourg train derails near Vitry-
le-Franois; 24 are killed, 109 injured.
The New Democratic Party of Canada is
founded with the merger of the Coopera-
tive Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and the
Canadian Labour Congress.
1.8
June 19 The British protectorate ends in Kuwait Main article: August 1961
and it becomes an emirate.
June 22 Moise Tshombe is released for lack of
evidence of connection to the murder of Patrice Lu-
mumba.
June 23 The Antarctic Treaty comes into eect.
June 25 Iraqi president Abd al-Karim Qasim an-
nounces he is going to annex Kuwait (such an an-
nexation of Kuwait would occur in 1990).
June 27 Kuwait requests British help; the United
Kingdom sends in troops.
1.7 July
Main article: July 1961
July 4 The Soviet submarine K-19 reactor leak oc-
curs in the North Atlantic.
July 5 The rst Israeli rocket, Shavit 2, is
launched.[9][10]
July 8 A mine explosion in Czechoslovakia leaves
108 dead.
July 12 A Czechoslovakian Ilyushin Il-18 crashes
while attempting to land at Casablanca, Morocco,
killing all 72 persons on board.
July 17 Baseball legend Ty Cobb dies at the age of
74 at Emory University Hospital.
July 21 Mercury program: Gus Grissom, pilot-
ing the Mercury-Redstone 4 capsule Liberty Bell Main article: September 1961
7, becomes the second American to go into space
(sub-orbital). Upon splashdown, the hatch prema-
turely opens, and the capsule sinks (it is recovered September 1
in 1999).
July 25 U.S. President John F. Kennedy gives
a widely watched TV speech on the Berlin cri-
sis, warning we will not be driven out of Berlin.
Kennedy urges Americans to build fallout shelters,
setting o a four-month debate on civil defense.
July 31
At Fenway Park in Boston, the rst Major
League Baseball All-Star Game tie occurs,
when the game is stopped in the 9th inning due
to rain (the only tie until 2002).
5
Ireland submits the rst application from a
non-founding country to join the European
Economic Community.
August
August The United States founds the Alliance for
Progress.
August 1 The Six Flags Over Texas theme park
ocially opens to the public.
August 6 Vostok 2: Soviet cosmonaut Gherman
Titov becomes the second human to orbit the Earth,
and the rst to be in outer space for more than one
day.
August 7 Vostok 2 (with Titov on board) lands in
the Soviet Union.
August 10 The United Kingdom applies for mem-
bership in the European Economic Community.
August 13 Construction of the Berlin Wall begins,
restricting movement between East Berlin and West
Berlin and forming a clear boundary between West
Germany and East Germany, Western Europe and
Eastern Europe. On August 22 Ida Siekmann jumps
from a window in her tenement building trying to
ee to the West, becoming the rst of at least 138
people to die at the Wall.
August 21 Jomo Kenyatta is released from prison
in Kenya.
August 25 Joo Goulart replaces Jnio Quadros as
President of Brazil. He is ousted in 1964.
1.9 September
The Eritrean War of Independence ocially
begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian po-
lice by Hamid Idris Awate.
The rst meeting is held of the Non-Aligned
Movement. The Soviet Union resumes nu-
clear testing, escalating fears over the ongoing
Berlin crisis.
September 7 Tom and Jerry make a return with
their rst episode since 1958, Switchin' Kitten. The
new creator, Gene Deitch, makes 12 more Tom and
Jerry episodes until 1962.
6 1 EVENTS
September 10 During the F1 Italian Grand Prix on
the circuit of Monza, German Wolfgang von Trips,
driving a Ferrari, crashes into a stand, killing 14
spectators and himself.
September 14
The new military government of Turkey sen-
tences 15 members of the previous govern-
ment to death.
The Focolare Movement opens its rst North
American center in New York.
September 17 Military rulers in Turkey hang for-
mer prime minister Adnan Menderes.
September 18 United Nations Secretary-General
Dag Hammarskjld dies in an air crash en route to
Katanga, Congo.
September 21 In France, the OAS slips an anti-de
Gaulle message into TV programming.
September 24
The old Deutsche Opernhaus in the Berlin
neighborhood of Charlottenburg is returned to
its newly rebuilt house as the Deutsche Oper
Berlin.
In the U.S., the Walt Disney anthology tele-
vision series, renamed Walt Disneys Wonder-
ful World of Color, moves from ABC to NBC
after seven years on the air, and begins tele-
casting its programs in color for the rst time.
Years later, after Disneys death, the still-on-
the-air program will be renamed The Wonder-
ful World of Disney.
September 28 A military coup in Damascus, Syria
eectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union
between Egypt and Syria.
September 30 The Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD) is formed to
replace the Organisation for European Economic
Co-operation (OEEC).
1.10 October
Main article: October 1961
October 1 Baseball player Roger Maris of the New
York Yankees hits his 61st home run in the last game
of the season, against the Boston Red Sox, setting
a new record for the longer baseball season. The
record for the shorter season is still held by Babe
Ruth.
October 10 A volcanic eruption on Tristan da
Cunha causes the whole population to be evacuated
to Britain, where they will remain until 1963.
October 12 The death penalty is abolished in New
Zealand.
October 17 Paris massacre of 1961: French po-
lice in Paris attack about 30,000 protesting a curfew
applied solely to Algerians. The ocial death toll is
3, but human rights groups claim 240 dead.
October 18 West Side Story is released as a lm in
the United States.
October 19 The Arab League takes over protecting
Kuwait; the last British troops leave.
October 25 The rst edition of Private Eye, the
British satirical magazine, is published.
October 26 Cemal Grsel becomes the fourth
president of Turkey. (His former title is head of
state and government; he is elected as president by
constitution referendum.)
October 27
An armistice begins in Katanga, Congo.
Mongolia and Mauritania join the United Na-
tions.
Confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie: A stand-
o between Soviet and American tanks in
Berlin, Germany heightens Cold War tensions.
Fahrettin zdilek becomes the acting prime
minister of Turkey.
October 29
DZBB-TV Channel 7, the Philippines third
TV station, is launched.
Devrim, the rst ever car designed and pro-
duced in Turkey, is released. The project
has been completed in only 130 days almost
from scratch, a period including decision on
the project, research, design, development and
production of four vehicles.
October 30
Nuclear weapons testing: The Soviet Union
detonates a 58-megaton yield hydrogen bomb
known as Tsar Bomba over Novaya Zemlya. It
remains the largest ever man-made explosion.
The Note Crisis: The Soviet Union issues a
diplomatic note to Finland proposing military
co-operation.
October 31
1.12 December
Hurricane Hattie devastates Belize City,
Belize killing over 270. After the hurri-
cane, the capital moves to the inland city of
Belmopan.
Joseph Stalin's body is removed from the
Lenin Mausoleum.
1.11 November
Main article: November 1961
November 1
The Hungry generation Movement is launched
in Calcutta, India.
The Interstate Commerce Commissions fed-
eral order banning segregation at all interstate
public facilities ocially comes into eect.
The Madame Alexander Doll Club is founded Main article: December 1961
by Margaret Doris Winson of Sweet Springs,
MO.
December 1 Netherlands New Guinea raises the
November 2 Kean opens at Broadway Theater in new Morning Star ag and changes its name to West
New York City for 92 performances. Papua.
November 3 The United Nations General Assem-
bly unanimously elects U Thant to the position of
acting Secretary-General.
November 6 The U.S. government issues a stamp
honoring the 100th birthday of James Naismith.
November 8 Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8
crashes while attempting to land at Richmond, Vir-
ginia, killing 77 persons on board.
November 9 Neil Armstrong records a world
record speed in a rocket plane of 6,587 km/h ying
a X-15.
November 10 Catch-22 by Joseph Heller is rst
published.
November 11
Congolese soldiers murder 13 Italian United
Nations pilots.
Stalingrad is renamed Volgograd.
November 17 Michael Rockefeller, son of New
York Governor and later Vice President Nelson
Rockefeller, disappears in the jungles of New
Guinea.
November 18 U.S. President John F. Kennedy
sends 18,000 military advisors to South Vietnam.
November 20
7
The funeral of longtime House Speaker Sam
Rayburn is held in Washington, D.C. Two for-
mer Presidents (Truman, Eisenhower) and one
future one (Lyndon B. Johnson) join President
Kennedy in paying their respects.
smet nn of CHP forms the new govern-
ment of Turkey (26th government, rst coali-
tion in Turkey, partner AP)
November 21 The "La Ronde" opens in Honolulu,
the rst revolving restaurant in the United States
November 24 The World Food Programme
(WFP) is formed as a temporary United Nations
program.
November 30 The Soviet Union vetoes Kuwait's
application for United Nations membership.
1.12 December
December 2 Cold War: In a nationally broad-
cast speech, Cuban leader Fidel Castro announces
he is a MarxistLeninist, and that Cuba will adopt
socialism.
December 5 U.S. President John F. Kennedy gives
support to the Volta Dam project in Ghana.
December 9
Tanganyika gains independence and declares
itself a republic, with Julius Nyerere as its rst
President.
The Australian government of Robert Menzies
is re-elected for a sixth term.
December 10 The Soviet Union severs diplomatic
relations with Albania.
December 11
The American involvement in the Vietnam
War ocially begins, as the rst American he-
licopters arrive in Saigon along with 400 U.S.
personnel.
Adolf Eichmann is pronounced guilty of
crimes against humanity by a panel of three
Israeli judges.
December 14 Walt Disney's rst live-action Tech-
nicolor musical, Babes in Toyland, a remake of the
famous Victor Herbert operetta, is released, but
ops at the box oce.
8 2 BIRTHS

December 15 An Israeli war crimes tribunal sen-

tences Adolf Eichmann to death for his part in The
Holocaust.
December 17 A circus tent re in Niteri, Brazil
kills 323.[11]
December 18 India opens hostilities in its an-
nexation of Portuguese India, the colonies of Goa,
Damao and Diu.
December 19
The Portuguese surrender Goa to India after
400 years of Portuguese rule.
Indonesian president Sukarno announces that
he will take West Irian by force if necessary.
December 21 In Congo, Katangan prime minister
Moise Tshombe recognizes the Congolese constitu-
tion.
December 23 Luxembourg's national holiday, the
Grand Dukes Ocial Birthday, is set on June 23 by
Grand Ducal decree.
December 30 Congolese troops capture Albert
Wayne Coyne
Kalonji of South Kasai (who soon escapes).
December 31 Irelands rst national television sta-
tion, Telefs ireann (later RT), begins broadcast-
ing.

1.13 Date unknown

"Barbie" gets a boyfriend when the "Ken" doll is in-
troduced in the United States.
Sheila Burnford's The Incredible Journey, a story of
three pets travelling through the Canadian wilder-
ness, is published in the United Kingdom.

2 Births

2.1 January
January 1
Sergei Babayan, American classical pianist
Sam Backo, Australian rugby league footballer
Julia Louis-Dreyfus
January 2
Neil Dudgeon, English actor January 8 Calvin Smith, American athlete
Todd Haynes, American lm director
January 9
January 5 Iris DeMent, American singer-
songwriter Candi Milo, American voice actress
January 7 Supriya Pathak,Indian actress Al Jean, American television writer
2.2 February 9

Daniel Johnston, American singer-songwriter,

musician, and artist
Shigeru Nakahara, Japanese voice actor

January 24 Guido Buchwald, German football

player

January 26

Sharyl Attkisson, American author and for-

mer television journalist and investigative cor-
respondent
Wayne Gretzky, Canadian hockey player
Li Cunxin, Artistic Director for Queensland
Ballet

January 28 Arnaldur Indriason, Icelandic writer

January 29 Petra Thmer, German swimmer

January 30 Dexter Scott King, son of Martin

Luther King, Jr.

January 31 Lloyd Cole, British singer and song-

Wayne Gretzky writer

January 10 Mark Venturini, American actor (d. 2.2 February

1996)

January 11

Jasper Fforde, British fantasy novelist

Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, Austrian politi-
cian and noble

January 12 Sean Blowers, English actor

January 13

Wayne Coyne, American musician and front-

man of the band The Flaming Lips
Julia Louis-Dreyfus, American actress, pro-
ducer and comedian
Suggs, British singer and TV presenter Henry Rollins

January 14 Mike Tramp, Danish rock singer

(White Lion) February 1 Volker Fried, German eld hockey
player
January 16 Peter Taneld, British concert violinist
February 3 Jim Balsillie, Canadian CEO and
January 17 Maia Chiburdanidze, Georgian chess
philanthropist
player
February 6 Yuko Kobayashi, Japanese voice ac-
January 18
tress
Peter Beardsley, English footballer February 8 Vince Neil, American singer
Mark Messier, Canadian hockey player
February 9
January 19 William Ragsdale, American actor
John Kruk, American baseball player and
January 22 commentator
10
Jussi Lampi, Finnish musician and actor
February 10 George Stephanopoulos, American
political consultant and commentator
February 11 Mary Docter, American speed skater
February 13 Henry Rollins, American musician
and activist
February 14 Latifa, Tunisian singer
February 17
Meir Kessler, Israeli rabbi
Andrey Korotayev, Russian anthropologist,
economic historian, and sociologist
February 18 Hironobu Kageyama, Japanese singer
February 20
Phil Powers, American alpinist
Dwayne McDue, American writer of comics
and television (d. 2011)
February 21 Geo Moore, American Christian
musician
February 22 Akira Takasaki, Japanese guitarist
February 25 Davey Allison, American race car
driver (d. 1993)
February 27 James Worthy, American basketball
player and analyst
February 28 Mark Latham, Australian politician
2.3 March
March 3
Mary Page Keller, American actress
John Matteson, Pulitzer Prize-winning Amer-
ican biographer
March 4
Ray Mancini, American boxer
Steven Weber, American actor
Roger Wessels, South African golfer
March 9
Mike Leach, American college football coach
Rick Steiner, American professional wrestler
March 10
Mike Bullard, American hockey player
Laurel Clark, American astronaut (d. 2003)
Mitch Gaylord, American gymnast
2 BIRTHS
March 14
Kim Boyce, American Christian musician
Gary Dell'Abate, American radio producer
Marc Koska, English businessman and inven-
tor
March 16
Brett Kenny, Australian rugby league player
Michiru shima, Japanese composer
March 17
Umayya Abu-Hanna, Palestine-born Finnish
writer and politician
Alexander Bard, Swedish musician (Army of
Lovers)
Sam Bowie, American basketball player
Dana Reeve, American actress, singer and ac-
tivist (d. 2006)
March 21
Lothar Matthus, German footballer
Kassie DePaiva, American actress
March 23
Ali Hewson, Irish activist and businesswoman
Helmi Johannes, Indonesian television news-
caster
March 24 Yanis Varoufakis, Greek economist,
current Greek Finance Minister
March 25 Reggie Fils-Aim, American business-
man
March 27 Tak Matsumoto, Japanese guitarist (B'z)
March 28 Byron Scott, American basketball player
and coach
March 29
Amy Sedaris, American actress, comedian and
writer
Gerardo Teissonniere, Puerto Rican pianist
2.4 April
April 1
Susan Boyle, Scottish singer
Kujira, Japanese voice actress
April 2 Christopher Meloni, American actor
April 3 Eddie Murphy, African-American actor
and comedian
2.5 May 11

April 7 Thurl Bailey, American basketball player

April 11 Vincent Gallo, American actor
April 12 Lisa Gerrard, Australian musician
April 14
Robert Carlyle, Scottish lm and television ac-
tor
Neil Dougherty, American basketball coach
(d. 2011)
April 17
Frank J. Christensen, American labor leader
Daphna Kastner, Canadian actress
April 18 Jane Leeves, English actress
April 20
Konstantin Lavronenko, Russian actor
Don Mattingly, American baseball player
April 21 Cathy Cavadini, American voice actress
Eddie Murphy
April 23
Dirk Bach, German actor and comedian (d.
2012)
George Lopez, American actor and comedian
April 26 Anthony Cumia, American radio person-
ality
April 27 Moana Pozzi, Italian porn actress (d.
1994)
April 28 Futoshi Matsunaga, Japanese serial killer
April 29 Fumihiko Tachiki, Japanese voice actor
April 30 Isiah Thomas, African-American basket-
ball player, coach, and team owner

2.5 May
May 1 Marilyn Milian, American judge
May 2 Steve James, English snooker player
May 3
Joe Murray, American animator
David Vitter, U.S. Senator (R-LA)
George Lopez May 4
Jay Aston, British singer (Bucks Fizz)
April 5 Lisa Zane, American actress
Mary Elizabeth McDonough, American ac-
tress, producer, director and author
April 6 Gene Eugene, Canadian actor and singer
(d. 2000) May 5
12 2 BIRTHS

Joe Murray

Tim Roth

George Clooney

Hiroshi Hase, Japanese professional wrestler Enya

Sarah Zivale, American actress
May 7 Robert Spano, American conductor and pi-
May 6 George Clooney, American actor anist
2.6 June 13

May 8

Janet McTeer, British actress

Akira Taue, Japanese professional wrestler

May 9 Rene Capo, American judoka (d. 2009)

May 10 Danny Carey, American drummer (Tool,

Pigmy Love Circus)

May 11

Paul Begala, American political commentator

Lar Park Lincoln, American actress

May 12 Billy Duy, British guitarist (The Cult)

May 13 Dennis Rodman, American basketball

player and actor
Michael J. Fox
May 14

Tim Roth, English actor

Urban Priol, German Kabarett artist and co-
median

May 16

Kevin McDonald, Canadian comedian and ac-

tor
Charles Wright, American professional
wrestler

May 17 Enya, Irish musician

May 18 Jim Bowden, American baseball executive

May 20 Clive Allen, British footballer

May 22 Mike Breen, American sports announcer

May 23 Karen Duy, American actress

May 27 Peri Gilpin, American actress

May 28 Roland Gift, British singer and musician

(Fine Young Cannibals)

May 29 Melissa Etheridge, American musician

May 30
Boy George
Ralph Carter, American actor
Harry Eneld, English comedian, actor, writer 2.6 June
and director
June 1 Paul Coey, Canadian hockey player
May 31
June 2 Dez Cadena, American musician
Ray Cote, Canadian ice hockey player
Justin Madden, Australian footballer and June 3
politician Lawrence Lessig, American academic and po-
Lea Thompson, American actress litical activist
14 2 BIRTHS

Curt Smith
Bidhya Devi Bhandari

Joko Widodo Ricky Gervais

Ed Wynne, English musician (Ozric Tenta-
cles)
June 4 El DeBarge, African-American singer
June 5
Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress
(d. 1999)
Anthony Burger, American musician and
singer (d. 2006)
Rosie Kane, Member of Scottish Parliament
June 6 Tom Araya, Chilean-born rock musician
(Slayer)
June 8 Katy Garbi, Greek singer
June 9
Michael J. Fox, Canadian-American actor,
producer, and author
2.7 July 15

Aaron Sorkin, American screenwriter, pro-

ducer, and playwright

June 10

Kim and Kelley Deal, American musicians

Maxi Priest, born Max Elliott, British reggae
singer

June 14 Boy George, born George O'Dowd,

British singer-songwriter and music producer

June 15 Dave McAuley, Northern Irish boxer

June 17 Kichi Yamadera, Japanese voice actor

June 18

Andrs Galarraga, Venezuelan baseball player

Alison Moyet, English singer-songwriter

June 19 Bidhya Devi Bhandari, 2nd President of

Nepal

June 20 Karin Kania, German speed skater

June 21
Diana, Princess of Wales
Manu Chao, French singer
Joko Widodo, President of Indonesia

June 23

Zoran Janjetov, Serbian comic artist

David Leavitt, American novelist

June 24

Lisa Bevill, American Christian musician

Curt Smith, British musician and lead singer
and keyboardist of rock group Tears For Fears

June 25

Mike Breen, American broadcaster

Ricky Gervais, English comedian, actor,
writer and director. Former singer in Seona
Dancing

June 26 Greg LeMond, American cyclist

June 27 Meera Syal, British-Indian comedian and

actress

June 28

Je Malone, American basketball player

Eliezer Melamed, Israeli rabbi Forest Whitaker

June 29 Greg Hetson, American rock guitarist

(Bad Religion, Circle Jerks)
16 2 BIRTHS

Gary Cherone

Antnio Costa

Laurence Fishburne

2.7 July

July 1
Woody Harrelson

Vito Bratta, American rock guitarist (White

Lion)
2.8 August 17

Diana, Princess of Wales, British Princess

and rst wife of Charles, Prince of Wales (d.
1997)
Carl Lewis, American athlete

July 4 Andrew Zimmern, American television per-

sonality (Bizarre Foods)

July 5 Patrizia Scianca, Italian voice actress

July 7 Eric Jerome Dickey, American writer

July 8 Toby Keith, American country music singer

July 10

Jacky Cheung, Hong Kong singer and actor

Ulla Kock am Brink, German television pre-
senter

July 14 Jackie Earle Haley, American actor

July 15 Forest Whitaker, American actor and lm

director

July 16 J. Alan Brogan, Irish programmer

Barack Obama
July 17

Guru, American emcee (d. 2010)

Jonathan Potts, Canadian actor
Antnio Costa, Portuguese politician, 119th
Prime Minister (2015present)

July 19

Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast

Benot Mariage, Belgian lm director
Noriyuki Abe, Japanese anime director

July 22 Keith Sweat, American singer

July 23

Milind Gunaji, Indian actor, model, television

show host
Woody Harrelson, American actor and come-
dian

July 25 Hugo Teufel III, 2nd Chief Privacy Ocer,

Department of Homeland Security

July 26 Lauren Tom

Keiko Matsui, Japanese pianist and composer

Gary Cherone, American rock singer and
2.8 August
songwriter
August 3 Nick Harvey, English politician
July 30 Laurence Fishburne, American actor and
lm director August 4
18 2 BIRTHS

Roland Orzabal

John Key

Billy Ray Cyrus

Stephen Hillenburg
Robin Carnahan, Secretary of State of Mis-
souri
Barack Obama, 44th President of the United
States
Lauren Tom, American actress
August 5 Clayton Rohner, American actor
August 7
Brian Conley, English presenter, comedian,
singer and actor
Yelena Davydova, Soviet gymnast
August 8
The Edge, Irish rock guitarist (U2)
Bruce Matthews, American football player
Rikki Rockett, American rock drummer
(Poison)
August 9 John Key, 38th Prime Minister of New
Zealand
2.9 September 19

August 11

Sunil Shetty, Indian Bollywood lm actor

Jukka Tapanimki, Finnish game programmer
(d. 2000)

August 14 Susan Olsen, American actress and an-

imal welfare advocate

August 16

Elpidia Carrillo, Mexican-American actress

Urara Takano, Japanese voice actress

August 18

Huw Edwards, BAFTA award-winning Welsh

journalist and presenter
Bob Woodru, American television journalist

August 21 Stephen Hillenburg, American marine

biologist, cartoonist, and animator

August 22 Roland Orzabal, British musician and

songwriter

August 24 Jared Harris, English actor

August 25 Billy Ray Cyrus, American actor and James Gandolni

singer

August 27 Tom Ford, American fashion designer

and lm director

August Date Unknown Joseph Kony, leader of the

Lords Resistance Army

2.9 September

Jack Dee

Bam Bam Bigelow, American professional

wrestler (d. 2007)
Ccilia Rodhe, Miss Sweden
September 2
Carlos Valderrama, Colombian footballer
Anthony Wong Chau-sang, Hong Kong actor
September 4 Felix Wong, Hong Kong actor
Bam Bam Bigelow September 5 Karim Abdul Razak, Ghanaian foot-
baller
September 1 September 6
20 2 BIRTHS

September 7 Kevin Kennedy, British actor

September 11
Elizabeth Daily, American voice actress and
singer
Virginia Madsen, American actress
September 12 Mylne Farmer, Canadian singer
and songwriter
September 13 Dave Mustaine, American metal
singer, guitarist (Megadeth)
September 14 Martina Gedeck, German actress
September 15
Dan Marino, American football player
Lidia Yusupova, Chechen human-rights
lawyer
September 16 Jen Tolley, American-Canadian
voice actress
September 18 James Gandolni, American actor
(d. 2013)
September 20 Caroline Flint, British Labour MP
September 22
Edward M. Kennedy Jr. Bonnie Hunt, American actress, comedian,
writer, director and television producer
Catherine Oxenberg, British actress
September 23 William C. McCool, U.S. Army
Commander and astronaut (d. 2003)
September 24 Jack Dee, English stand-up come-
dian, actor and writer
September 25
Heather Locklear, American actress
Steve Scott, British journalist and presenter
September 26 Edward M. Kennedy Jr., son of U.S.
Senator Ted Kennedy
September 27 Andy Lau, Hong Kong actor and
singer
September 28
Yordanka Donkova, Bulgarian athlete
Wayne Westner A South African Golfer who
won twice on the European Tour (d. 2017)
September 29 Julia Gillard, 27th Prime Minister
of Australia
Julia Gillard
September 30
Akira Kuroiwa, Japanese speed skater Crystal Bernard, American actress and singer
Paul Waaktaar-Savoy, Norwegian rock musi- Eric Stoltz, American actor and director
cian and songwriter (A-ha) Sally Yeh, Hong Kong singer and actress
2.10 October 21

2.10 October

Rachel De Thame

Amr Diab

October 1
Gary Ablett, Australian rules footballer
Rico Constantino, American professional
wrestler
October 2 Edmond Yu, Chinese student (d. 1997)
October 3 Ludger Sthlmeyer, German cantor,
composer and musicologist
October 4
Philippe Russo, French singer
Jon Secada, Cuban-American singer and song-
writer
October 5 Matthew Kauman, American journal-
ist and George Polk Award winner
October 6 Mark Shasha, American artist, author,
illustrator
October 10 Jodi Benson, American actress and
singer
Dylan McDermott
October 11
Amr Diab, Egyptian singer
22 2 BIRTHS

October 29 Randy Jackson, African-American

musician

October 31

Alonzo Babers, American runner

Peter Jackson, New Zealand lm director
Larry Mullen, Jr., Irish rock drummer (U2)

2.11 November

Peter Jackson

Steve Young, American football player

October 13
Rachel De Thame, English gardener and tele-
vision presenter
Doc Rivers, American basketball player and
coach
October 14 Jim Burns, British science-ction il-
lustrator
October 16 Randy Vasquez, American actor
Ralph Macchio
October 18
Wynton Marsalis, African-American trum-
peter and composer November 1 Anne Donovan, American basketball
player
Rick Moody, American writer
November 2 k.d. lang, Canadian singer and song-
October 20 Michie Tomizawa, Japanese voice ac- writer
tress
November 4
October 24 Dave Meltzer, American wrestling
journalist Daron Hagen, American composer
October 25 Dominic Heale, British journalist and news-
reader
Pat Sharp, British radio DJ and host
Ralph Macchio, American actor
Chad Smith, American musician
Je Probst, American television personality
Ward Burton, American NASCAR driver
Jerry Sadowitz, American-born British stand-
October 26 Dylan McDermott, American actor up comic and card magician
2.11 November 23

Nadia Comneci
Meg Ryan

Nigel Worthington, Northern Irish footballer

and football manager

November 9

Jill Dando, British journalist and television

presenter (d. 1999)
Jackie Kay, Scottish poet and novelist

November 12 Nadia Comneci, Romanian gym-

nast

November 14

Jurga Ivanauskait, Lithuanian writer (d.

2007)
D. B. Sweeney, American actor

November 16 Corinne Herms, French singer,

Eurovision Song Contest 1983 winner

November 18

Jan Kuehnemund, American guitarist (Vixen) Mariel Hemingway

(d. 2013)
Steven Moat, Scottish screenwriter
November 20 Dave Watson, English footballer
Anthony Warlow, Australian singer

November 19 Meg Ryan, American actress and November 21 Maria Kawamura, Japanese voice
lm director actress
24 2 BIRTHS

November 22

Mariel Hemingway, American actress

Randal L. Schwartz, American computer pro-
grammer

November 24 Arundhati Roy, Indian writer and

activist

November 28 Alfonso Cuarn, Mexican lm di-

rector, screenwriter and producer

2.12 December

Matthew Waterhouse

Bill Hicks

December 3 Marcelo Fromer, Brazilian guitarist

December 4

Roy Dennis, disabled American boy (d. 1978)

Frank Reich, American football player

December 8 Ann Coulter, American author, con-

servative commentator and attorney

December 10 Nia Peeples, American actress

December 12

Daniel O'Donnell, Irish singer Ilham Aliyev

Sarah Sutton, British actress

December 13 Karen Witter, American actress and December 16 Bill Hicks, American comedian (d.
model 1994)
December 15 Karin Resetarits, Austrian journalist
and politician December 19
3.1 January 25

Eric Allin Cornell, American physicist, Nobel

Prize laureate
Matthew Waterhouse, British actor
Reggie White, American football player (d.
2004)

December 20 Mohammad Fouad, Arab singer and

actor

December 21 Francis Ng, Hong Kong actor

December 23 Ezzat el Kamhawi, Egyptian novelist

December 24 Ilham Aliyev, 7th Prime Minister of

Azerbaijan and 4th President of Azerbaijan

December 25 ngrid Betancourt, Colombian sen-

ator

December 26 John Lynch, Northern Irish actor

December 27 Guido Westerwelle, German politi-

cian (d. 2016)

December 29 Jim Reid, Scottish musician

December 30

Douglas Coupland, Canadian author Erwin Schrdinger

Bill English, Prime Minister of New Zealand

Matt Goldman, American performance artist
Sean Hannity, American radio/television host
and conservative commentator
Ben Johnson, Canadian athlete

2.13 Date unknown

Judie Bamber, American artist

Jaime Crespo, Mexican-American artist

James Rolfe, Canadian composer

Acharya S, American writer and proponent of the

Christ myth theory (d. 2015)

Lefred Thouron, French cartoonist

3 Deaths

3.1 January
January 4 Erwin Schrdinger, Austrian physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887) Patrice Lumumba

January 9 Emily Greene Balch, American writer

and pacist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. January 10 Dashiell Hammett, American writer
1867) (b. 1894)
26 3 DEATHS

January 13 Blanche Ring, American singer and

actress (b. 1871)

January 14 Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (b. 1888)

January 17 Patrice Lumumba, Prime Minister of

the Republic of the Congo (b. 1925)

January 18 Thomas Anthony Dooley III, physician

(b. 1927)

January 21

Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (b. 1887)

John J. Becker, American composer and pi-
anist (b. 1886)

January 24 Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American

swimmer and inventor (b. 1884)

January 26 Stan Nichols, English cricketer (b.

1900)

January 29 Jesse Wallace, American naval ocer,

29th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1899)

January 30 Dorothy Thompson, American jour-

nalist (b. 1893)

King Mohammed V of Morocco

3.2 February
February 2 Anna May Wong, Chinese-American
actress (b. 1905)

February 3 Viscount Dunrossil, Australian

Governor-General (b. 1893)

February 7 William Duncan, American actor (b.

1879)

February 9 Carlos Luz, 19th President of Brazil

(b. 1894)

February 12 Richmond K. Turner, American ad-

miral (b. 1885)

February 13 Arthur Ripley, American lm direc-

tor (b. 1897)

February 15 Laurence Owen, American Figure

Skater (b. 1944)

February 16 Dazzy Vance, American baseball

player (Brooklyn Dodgers) and a member of the
MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1891)

February 17 Nita Naldi, American actress (b.

1897)

February 20 Percy Grainger, Australian composer

(b. 1882)
Carlos Luz
February 22
3.4 April 27

Nick LaRocca, American jazz musician (b.
1889)
George de Cuevas, Chilean-American ballet
impresario and choreographer (b. 1885)
February 26
Karl Albiker, German sculptor (b. 1878)
King Mohammed V of Morocco (b. 1909)
Victor d'Arcy, British Olympic athlete (b.
1887)
Belinda Lee, English actress (b. 1935)
March 17 Susanna M. Salter, rst woman mayor
in the United States (b. 1860)
March 23 Valentin Bondarenko, Russian
cosmonaut (b. 1937)

February 28 Aaron S. Tip Merrill, American ad- March 25 Arthur Drewry, English administrator,
miral (b. 1890) 5th President of FIFA (b. 1891)
March 26 Carlos Duarte Costa, founder of the
Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church (b. 1888)
3.3 March

3.4 April

Victor d'Arcy Ahmet Zog

March 3 Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist April 6 Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and
(b. 1887) microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Phys-
iology or Medicine (b. 1870)
March 6 George Formby, British singer, comedian
& actor (b. 1904) April 7 Vanessa Bell, English artist and interior
designer (b. 1879)
March 8
April 9 Ahmet Zog, King of Albania (b. 1895)
Sir Thomas Beecham, English conductor (b.
1879) April 21 James Melton, American tenor (b. 1904)
Gala Galaction, Romanian writer (b. 1879) April 24 Lee Moran, American actor (b. 1888)
March 12 April 25
28
Robert Garrett
Robert Garrett, American athlete (b. 1875)
George Melford, American actor (b. 1877)
April 27
Roy Del Ruth, American lm director (b.
1893)
Minoru Sasaki, Japanese general (b. 1893)
3.5 May
May 3 Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French phe-
nomenological philosopher (b. 1908)
May 6 Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet and philoso-
pher (b. 1895)
May 13 Gary Cooper, American actor (High
Noon) (b. 1901)
May 14 Albert Svigny, Canadian politician (b.
1881)
May 16 George A. Malcolm, American jurist &
educator (b. 1881)
May 22 Joan Davis, American actress (b. 1907)
May 30 Rafael Lenidas Trujillo, 2-Time
President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1891)
May 31 Walter Little, Canadian politician (b.
1877)
3 DEATHS
Gary Cooper
3.6 June
June 2 George S. Kaufman, American playwright
(b. 1889)
June 6 Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (b. 1875)
June 9 Camille Gurin, French bacteriologist and
immunologist (b. 1872)
June 14 Eddie Polo, Austro-American dramatist
(b. 1875)
June 15 Peyami Safa, Turkish journalist and writer
(b. 1899)
June 16 Marcel Junod, Swiss physician (b. 1904)
June 17
Je Chandler, American actor (b. 1918)
Thomas Darden, American Rear admiral,
37th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1900)
June 24
William J. Connors, American politician (b.
1891)
George Washington Vanderbilt III, American
philanthropist (b. 1914)
June 25 John A D McCurdy, Lieutenant Governor
of Nova Scotia & pilot (b. 1886)
June 30 Lee de Forest, American inventor (b.
1873)
3.8 August 29

Ernest Hemingway

Carl Jung

3.7 July
July 1 Louis-Ferdinand Cline, French writer (b.
1894)

July 2 Ernest Hemingway, American writer, Nobel

Prize laureate (suicide) (b. 1899)

July 4 Franklyn Farnum, American actor (b.

1878)

July 6 Woodall Rodgers, Mayor of Dallas, Texas

(b. 1890)
Ty Cobb
July 17 Ty Cobb, American baseball player
(Detroit Tigers) and a member of the MLB Hall of
Fame (b. 1886) 3.8 August
July 23 August 4 Maurice Tourneur, French lm director
Esther Dale, American actress (b. 1885) (b. 1873)

Valentine Davies, American screenwriter (b. August 8 Mei Lanfang, Beijing opera star (b.
1905) 1894)
30 3 DEATHS

August 9 Walter Bedell Smith, American general

and diplomat (b. 1895)

August 14

Henri Breuil, French priest, archaeologist, an-

thropologist and ethnologist (b. 1877)
Clark Ashton Smith, American writer and
sculptor (b. 1893)

August 20 Percy Williams Bridgman, American

physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)

August 23

Gotthard Sachsenberg, German World War I

naval aviator and ghter ace (b. 1891)
Beals Wright, American tennis player (b.
1879)

August 26

Howard P. Robertson, American physicist (b.

1903)
Gail Russell, American actress (b. 1924)

August 30 Charles Coburn, American actor (b.

1877) Marion Davies

September 1 Eero Saarinen, Finnish architect (b.

3.9 September
1910)

September 10 Leo Carrillo, American actor (b.

1880)

September 11 George Irving, American actor (b.

1874)

September 17 Adnan Menderes, 9th Prime Min-

ister of Turkey (b. 1899)

September 18 Dag Hammarskjld, 2nd Secretary

General of the United Nations, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1905)

September 22 Marion Davies, American actress

(b. 1897)

September 24 Sumner Welles, American diplomat

(b. 1892)

September 25 Frank Fay, American actor (b.

1897)

September 26

Robert L. Eichelberger, American general (b.

1886)
Dag Hammarskjld
Juanita Hansen, American actress (b. 1895)
3.11 November 31

October 19

emsettin Gnaltay, Turkish historian, politi-

cian and 8th Prime Minister of Turkey (b.
1883)
Sergio Osmena, 4th President of the Philip-
pines (b. 1878)

October 22 Joseph Schenck, Russian-born lm

studio executive (b. 1878)

3.11 November
November 1 Mordecai Ham, American evangelist
(b. 1877)

November 2

James Thurber, American humorist (b. 1894)

Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa I, 12th Hakim
of Bahrain (b. 1894)

November 9 Ferdinand Bie, Norwegian athlete (b.

1888)

November 15

Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b. 1883)

Chico Marx
Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch plant pathologist
(b. 1883)
3.10 October
November 16 Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the
October 1 Donald Cook, American actor (b. United States House of Representatives (b. 1882)
1901)
November 24 Ruth Chatterton, American actress,
October 2 Essington Lewis, Australian industrial- novelist, and aviator (b. 1892)
ist (b. 1881)
November 30
October 4
Metropolitan Benjamin (Fedchenkov), Anna Gould, American heiress and socialite;
Eastern Orthodox missionary and writer, daughter of nancier Jay Gould (b. 1875)
Exarch of Russian Church in North America Ehrenfried Pfeier, German scientist (b.
(b. 1880) 1899)
Max Weber, Polish-American artist (b. 1881)
October 11 3.12 December
Lucy Tayiah Eads, Kaw tribal chief (b. 1888) December 2 Herbert Pitman, British sailor, third
Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887) ocer of the RMS Titanic (b. 1877)
October 13 December 6 Frantz Fanon, philosopher (b. 1925)
Maya Deren, Russian-born lmmaker (b. December 13 Anna Mary Robertson Moses aka
1917) Grandma Moses, painter (b. 1860)
Zoltn Korda, Hungarian screenwriter and di-
rector (b. 1895) December 20
Dun Karm Psaila, Maltese writer (b. 1871) Moss Hart, American dramatist (b. 1904)
October 14 Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political Earle Page, 11th Prime Minister of Australia
activist (b. 1876) (b. 1880)
32 5 REFERENCES

or Medicine (b. 1873)

December 28 Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, First

Lady of the United States from 1915-21 (b. 1872)

December 29

Anton Flettner, German aviation engineer and

inventor (b. 1885)
Sibyl Morrison, rst female barrister in New
South Wales, Australia (b. 1895)

3.13 Date unknown

Frantiek Flos, Czech novelist

Wyncie King, American illustrator

4 Nobel Prizes

Earle Page

Physics Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mssbauer

Chemistry Melvin Calvin

Physiology or Medicine Georg von Bksy

Literature Ivo Andri

Peace Dag Hammarskjld (posthumously)

Edith Wilson

December 23 Kurt Panzermeyer Meyer, Ger- 5 References

man Generalmajor der Waen-SS and war criminal
(b. 1910) [1] Doug Gilfords Mad Cover Site - Mad #61.

December 25 Otto Loewi, German-born pharma- [2] Gardner, Martin (2001). The Colossal Book of Mathemat-
cologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology ics. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 194.
 33

[3] The 6555th, Chapter III, Section 8, The MINUTEMAN

Ballistic Missile Test Program.

[4] Selected Milestones of the Kennedy Presidency - John

F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Jfkli-
brary.org. Retrieved 2012-04-27.

[5] JFK Library.org

[6] McIntyre, W. David (April 2008). The Expan-

sion of the Commonwealth and the Criteria for
Membership. Round Table. 97 (395): 27385.
doi:10.1080/00358530801962089.

[7] John F. Kennedy (April 27, 1961). The President and

the Press. Before the American Newspaper Publishers
Association, New York City. The American Presidency
Project. Retrieved June 5, 2015.

[8] Hans-Jrg Rheinberger, Experimentalsysteme Eine

Geschichte der Proteinsynthese im Reagenzglas Wall-
stein; ISBN 3-89244-454-4

[9] Missile Overview. Nuclear Threat Initiative. Archived

from the original on 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2007-12-18.

[10] July 1961. NASA. Archived from the original on 2007-

11-17. Retrieved 2007-12-18.

[11] Incndio Gran-Circus Norte-Americano 1961. Blog-

ger. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
34 6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

6 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1 Text
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Gabbe, Dave Farquhar, Dori, Skysmith, Minesweeper, Looxix~enwiki, Ahoerstemeier, Docu, CatherineMunro, TUF-KAT, Bluelion,
Notheruser, Kingturtle, Rlandmann, Darkwind, Ugen64, Nikai, Jacques Delson, Gh, Rob Hooft, Lee M, BRG, Adam Bishop, Fuzheado,
Wik, Astrotrain, Ed g2s, Scarequotes, Fvw, Warofdreams, Camerong, Shpxurnq, RadicalBender, Calieber, Dimadick, Sjorford, Rob-
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E. Heresiarch, Jleedev, JackandJill, ScudLee, Sj, Everyking, Michael Devore, Broux, DO'Neil, Hugh2414, Jackol, Bobblewik, Edcolins,
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lisits, Ta bu shi da yu, Adambondy, Popski~enwiki, EugeneZelenko, Bornintheguz, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Guanabot, Xezbeth,
Guanabot2, Antaeus Feldspar, MarkS, Art LaPella, Dennis Brown, EurekaLott, Thuresson, Bobo192, Deathawk, Meggar, Zarateman, B
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Trades, Cmapm, Ianblair23, Djsasso, Dismas, Cuyaya, Bastin, A D Monroe III, Woohookitty, PatGallacher, Lifung, ^demon, JeremyA,
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BD2412, Chun-hian, JIP, HelenWatt, Rjwilmsi, Mayumashu, Tim!, Allenc28, Isaac Rabinovitch, Nigosh, Yar Kramer, FlaBot, Bleeker74,
Jeman52001, SonicSynergy, JdforresterBot, TheMidnighters, AI, JYOuyang, RexNL, Atrix20, Peter1219, Jean, Darranc, Scimitar,
Chobot, Deyyaz, Metropolitan90, Mhking, Gdrbot, Korg, Bgwhite, Noble Skuld the Legend Killer, YurikBot, Quentin X, Dkkicks, Mon-
gol, Jlittlet, Gridlock Joe, RussBot, Chaser, Nesbit, Stephenb, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Pseudomonas, Davidrstone, Nawl-
inWiki, EgbertW, Mal7798, Bruxism, LiniShu, ExRat, Sylvain1972, Wolbo, BOT-Superzerocool, Lcmortensen, Christian Plattner, Ral-
lette, Wknight94, Arthur Rubin, Rms125a@hotmail.com, David Justin, Spin Boy 11, Canley, LeonardoRob0t, Tryptofeng, Calilasseia,
Katieh5584, NeilN, GrinBot~enwiki, KnightRider~enwiki, Burnwelk, SmackBot, Estoy Aqu, Jacek Kendysz, KocjoBot~enwiki, D C
McJonathan, WookieInHeat, Gilliam, Yamilpr, Dahn, Pietaster, SlimJim, Quaidy, Ktvick, MalafayaBot, Schftythree628, Akanemoto,
Bazonka, Oxhop, Colonies Chris, Neil Erickson, GoodDay, WDGraham, Trekphiler, Egsan Bacon, Skoglund, V1adis1av, Jennica,
AMK152, Shunpiker, Homestarmy, Mr.Z-man, Beeatch, RFD, -Stamps95, BryanG, DMacks, Victor Lopes, Maelnuneb, Blockinblox, Ugur
Basak Bot~enwiki, Respighi, SashatoBot, Jcurtis, J 1982, Tazmaniacs, Costinha~enwiki, A. Parrot, Luokehao, Dicklyon, Waggers, Novan-
gelis, MTSbot~enwiki, BigT2006, Peteboro, Jim Tour, TheFarix, WilliamJE, Embele, Jetman, Skapur, DefLeppardVanHalen, Aeternus,
Courcelles, JForget, AlbertSM, Picaroon, TheMightyOrb, JohnCD, DanielRigal, Neelix, Gran2, Linux Rocks, Jamarenyo, Jcsrauch, Steb-
bins, Kanags, Kirkesque, Loopla, Gogo Dodo, Kmcneil, Bazzargh, Pete Davis, DBaba, Optimist on the run, Thijs!bot, Anyo Niminus,
Epbr123, Wikid77, Ivan Jericho, Marek69, Missvain, Ronald W Wise, A3RO, NorwegianBlue, Ttg, AgentPeppermint, Ludde23, Cha-
vando, Pfranson, Dawnseeker2000, Escarbot, Mr MaRo, Hmrox, Histrydude, AntiVandalBot, Ozzieboy, QuiteUnusual, Siangla, Edokter,
Bluetooth954, MaroonFrog, Qwerty Binary, JAnDbot, NapoliRoma, LonesomeMoon, Rothorpe, Redatom65, Mmorgil, Bongwarrior,
VoABot II, HamidVahtra, Catgut, CalendarWatcher, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, HandigeHarry~enwiki, Nono64, Lilac Soul, Nyutko, Ko-
plimek, Rct247, Numbo3, Uncle Dick, EH74DK, LordAnubisBOT, Redl@nds597198, Peter I. Vardy, BigHairRef, Juliancolton, STBotD,
Mfbinc, Jevansen, DorganBot, Bonadea, 81 with love, Thismightbezach, Samian, Idioma-bot, P.O.F.D., ACSE, VolkovBot, Dba1990,
Katydidit, Kyle the bot, Aesopos, TXiKiBoT, Xfactor1234, Hobe, Dendodge, Drappel, Gibson Flying V, CCCHYCC, Amidamaru89,
Finngall, Faulhaber, Joseph A. Spadaro, Enviroboy, Turangalila, John Daye, Bewat, Jlwiley123, Ponyo, Rita 0569, SieBot, Ttonyb1,
WereSpielChequers, BotMultichill, Coimbra68, Belle Equipe, Dakota777, Caltas, Aoxiang, Barliner, Jalanb, Mandsford, Yerpo, Esaons,
Phil Bridger, PhiEaglesfan712, Lisatwo, Mtys, Cloudzz, Jons63, Francvs, Msm3, Mx. Granger, ClueBot, PipepBot, Motaros, Franamax,
Corfe83, JimboV1, PolarYukon, Ralphierce, Pekin Republican, DragonBot, Excirial, Jwkyle, Socrates2008, Winston365, Abrech, The
Polar Man, Rhododendrites, Tommymckeown1, Arjayay, Josephew, Leroyinc, Europe22, Rainbow87, Footballfan190, DumZiBoT, Life
of Riley, Camboxer, Bearsona, Mglezer, BodhisattvaBot, PseudoBot, Nightrider 83, RyanCross, TravelinSista, Jrl101, Addbot, Willk-
ing1979, RandySavageFTW, Jafeluv, Landon1980, Ronhjones, Wikimichael22, Blue954, CarsracBot, Filippo2192, Architect61, An-
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Bombshell90, Subo Acharya, SimpleJYouTube, Samhuddy, Jim1138, Tucoxn, JackieBot, Ulric1313, Materialscientist, Racdac, GB fan,
ArthurBot, Zackisan, Williamtellpalindrome, MauritsBot, Xqbot, Timir2, Maestroso simplo, BDF5000, Davshul, Grim23, Pizzama-
niac09, Supergabbyshoe, Sir Stanley, Nedim Ardoa, Jannuarry8567, Doulos Christos, GhalyBot, Giggity5, Pablei, FrescoBot, Lucien-
BOT, Zenecan, Andre Kritzinger, Twinsdude, MissyMusic13, HayleyMuzik12, Best name, HamburgerRadio, Calistemon, Pinethicket, I
dream of horses, HRoestBot, Tussin92, LittleWink, Vox populeye, Crime researcher, Dvm362, Jujutacular, Bestlaugh, MistySpock, Whit-
soxrule, Trappist the monk, BaldBoris, Nasrmisr, Dinamik-bot, ThinkEnemies, Theemor, Innotata, Romanlapp, Ripchip Bot, ,
Bossanoven, Rolandorios, DARTHGALE, DASHBot, Steve03Mills, EmausBot, Albert.kaloustian, -- -- --, WikitanvirBot, Dewritech,
WikiKiwi, Jim Michael, AnthroMimus, Wikipelli, Werieth, ZroBot, Josve05a, Aesopposea, TamahomeJenkins, JayJ9100, Jeromemo-
reno, WikiCopter, BobM3, ChuispastonBot, Sven Manguard, Zen Oracle, Rocketrod1960, Mtdewme, ClueBot NG, Mattymcfatty13, S-d
n r, ATX-NL, Jakeking12, Proscribe, TigerToos, Editr, Frietjes, WikiEditor242526, Clare Zanzucchi, Bourbonandcigar, JPHirsh, Billy
Liakopoulos, Keivan.f, Northamerica1000, HardinCreek, Jacob.clarke19617, Girlillameagan, JHobson2, Argento Surfer, Miss Bono, Wiz-
zardofwas, Ninmacer20, YamiFangirlQueen, Mediran, Dobie80, Tahc, Einstein2, MaorHL, Nouniquenames, Makecat-bot, Mtambalika,
Mchanges!, Mecury1234, UW Dawgs, Jasveen09, Aaanni, Sol1, Ugog Nizdast, OccultZone, Chipperdude15, SaucyJimmy, Filedelinker-
bot, Yanksterdj, Ptb1997, Bob3458, Bry4n esp, Dai Pritchard, BroadwayWest, SLBedit, Cletus28, Michael0986, , SoSivr, Ra-
dosaw Winiewski, Ogeldke, Daxueshan, DvidErHer, Murph9000, Marintosalla, Swardzy70, Quintorambano, Retu5643, Wiki.geekster,
88URAnus88, GreenC bot, I2padams, GolferDylan and Anonymous: 607

6.2 Images
File:1913_Ty_Cobb_portrait_photo.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/1913_Ty_Cobb_portrait_
photo.png License: Public domain Contributors: RMY Auctions Original artist: International Film Service

File:Ahmet-Zogu-1895--$-$1961.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Ahmet-Zogu-1895--$-$1961.

jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.bicephale-production.com/photo4105033.html Original artist: Marubi
6.2 Images 35

File:Amr_Abdul_Baset_Diab.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Amr_Abdul_Baset_Diab.jpg Li-

cense: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Amr Diab directly Original artist: Kareem Nour
File:Anefo_910-9740_De_Congolese2.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Anefo_910-9740_De_
Congolese2.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 nl Contributors: Nationaal Archief Fotocollectie Anefo Original artist: Nationaal Archief, Den
Haag, Rijksfotoarchief: Fotocollectie Algemeen Nederlands Fotopersbureau (ANEFO), 1945-1989 - negatiefstroken zwart/wit, nummer
toegang 2.24.01.05, bestanddeelnummer 910-9740
File:Antnio_Costa_12._Cimeira_Brasil-Portugal_2016-11-01.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/
eb/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa_12.%C2%AA_Cimeira_Brasil-Portugal_2016-11-01.png License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Brasil e Por-
tugal rmam parceria nas reas de educao, cincia e tecnologia (11m 49s), via Youtube Original artist: TVNBR
File:BASA-3K-7-422-22-1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/
BASA-3K-7-422-22-Robert_Garrett_throwing_the_discus_at_1896_Summer_Olympics.jpg License: Public domain Contributors:
Bulgarian Archives State Agency: <a href='http://www.archives.government.bg/' data-x-rel='nofollow'><img alt='Nuvola lesys-
tems folder home.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg/
20px-Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg.png' width='20' height='20' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/8/81/Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg/30px-Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg/40px-Nuvola_filesystems_folder_home.svg.png 2x'
data-le-width='128' data-le-height='128' /></a> Home page
Original artist: ?
File:BamBamBigelow.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/BamBamBigelow.jpg License: CC BY-SA
2.0 Contributors: originally posted to Flickr as Bam Bam Bigelow Original artist: Robert Newsome
File:Bill_Hicks_at_the_Laff_Stop_in_Austin,_Texas,_1991_(2)_cropped.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/9/9e/Bill_Hicks_at_the_Laff_Stop_in_Austin%2C_Texas%2C_1991_%282%29_cropped.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contribu-
tors: This le was derived from Bill Hicks at the La Stop in Austin, Texas, 1991 (2).jpg: <a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
Bill_Hicks_at_the_Laff_Stop_in_Austin,_Texas,_1991_(2).jpg' class='image'><img alt='Bill Hicks at the La Stop in Austin, Texas,
1991 (2).jpg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bill_Hicks_at_the_Laff_Stop_in_Austin%2C_
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height='33' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bill_Hicks_at_the_Laff_Stop_in_Austin%2C_
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https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Bill_Hicks_at_the_Laff_Stop_in_Austin%2C_Texas%2C_1991_
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le-height='585' /></a>
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File:Billy_Ray_Cyrus_2009_(cropped).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Billy_Ray_Cyrus_
2009_%28cropped%29.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.defense.gov/dodcmsshare/photoessay/2009-12/hires_
091218-N-0696M-371.JPG Original artist: Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Chad J. McNeeley
File:Boy_George_by_Dean_Stockings.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Boy_George_by_Dean_
Stockings.jpg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Dean Stockings
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Galeria de Presidentes Original artist: Governo do Brasil
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Public domain Contributors: RR Auctions Original artist: Unknown photographer
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nal artist: ?
File:Curt_Smith_08.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Curt_Smith_08.jpg License: Public domain
Contributors: The original image was uploaded on en.wikipedia as en:Curt_Smith_08.jpg. Original artist: User:Wzzy
File:Dag_Hammarskjld.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld.jpg
License: Public domain Contributors: Dag Hammarskjld. En minnesbok. Malm 1961. Original artist: Unknown<a
href='https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718' title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:Q4233718' src='https:
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srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x,
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cense: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/rebeccadru/12529071094/ Original artist: Rebecca Dru
File:EarlePage.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/EarlePage.jpg License: Public domain Contributors:
? Original artist: ?
File:Eddie_Murphy_by_David_Shankbone.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Eddie_Murphy_by_
David_Shankbone.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: ickr Original artist: David Shankbone
File:Edith_Wilson_cropped_2.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Edith_Wilson_cropped_2.jpg Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: Library of Congress ([1]) Original artist: Not given
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inal artist: US Department of Labor
File:Enyasweet.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Enyasweet.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors:
Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Transfer was stated to be made by User:Vinhtantran. Original artist: Niall More at English
Wikipedia
36 6 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:ErnestHemingway.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/

ErnestHemingway.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.phoodie.info/2013/07/19/
from-the-desk-of-ernest-hemingway-this-weekend-cuba-libre-celebrates-my-birthday/ Original artist: Lloyd Arnold
File:Erwin_Schrdinger_(1933).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_
%281933%29.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger-bio.html
Original artist: Nobel foundation
File:Forest_Whitaker_2014.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Forest_Whitaker_2014.jpg License:
CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Forest Whitaker Original artist: Siebbi
File:Gagarin_in_Sweden.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Gagarin_in_Sweden.jpg License: Public
domain Contributors: sydsvenskan.se Original artist: Arkiv: Sydsvenskan
File:Gandolfinigfdl.PNG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Gandolfinigfdl.PNG License: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Contributors: http://flickr.com/photos/99454305@N00/82696370/ http://ivautier.free.fr/ Original artist: Isabelle Vautier
File:Gary_Cherone-Extreme-2.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gary_Cherone-Extreme-2.jpg Li-
cense: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sezzles/3506164350/ Original artist: sezzles
File:Gary_Cooper_1936.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Gary_Cooper_1936.jpg License: Public
domain Contributors: eBay Original artist: Paramount Pictures
File:George_Clooney_Cannes_2016.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/George_Clooney_Cannes_
2016.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Georges Biard
File:George_Lopez_at_Kids{}_Inaugural_1-19-09_hires_090119-N-1928O-136a_(cropped).jpg Source: https://upload.
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/George_Lopez_at_Kids%27_Inaugural_1-19-09_hires_090119-N-1928O-136a_
%28cropped%29.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.defenselink.mil/photoessays/photoessaySS.aspx?id=1075
Original artist: Petty Ocer 1st Class Mark O'Donald, USN
File:HenryRollins2010.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/HenryRollins2010.jpg License: CC BY 2.0
Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/29605922@N03/4780188358/ Original artist: ceedub13
File:Jack_Dee_2014.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Jack_Dee_2014.JPG License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ed g2s
File:Jfk_inauguration.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Jfk_inauguration.jpg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Joe_Murray_publicity_shot.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Joe_Murray_publicity_shot.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: photosubmission@wikimedia.org Original artist: Work for hire owned by Joe Murray
File:John_Key_February_2015.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/John_Key_February_2015.jpg Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: This le has been extracted from another le: John Key and US Ambassador Mark Gilbert February
2015.jpg
Original artist: US Embassy NZ
File:Joko_Widodo_2014_official_portrait.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Joko_Widodo_2014_
official_portrait.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Indonesia Govt Portal Original artist: Government of Indonesia
File:Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Julia_Gillard_2010.jpg License: CC BY
2.0 Contributors: Prime Minister Julia Gillard (25) Original artist: MystifyMe Concert Photography (Troy)
File:Julia_Louis-Dreyfus_VF__2012_Shankbone_3.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Julia_
Louis-Dreyfus_VF_2012_Shankbone_3.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: David Shankbone
File:Jung_1910-crop.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Jung_1910-crop.jpg License: Public domain
Contributors: Commons File:Jung 1910-rotated.jpg Original artist: Prints & Photographs Division Library of Congress
File:Lauren_Tom_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Lauren_Tom_by_Gage_
Skidmore.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Gage Skidmore
File:Laurence_Fishburne_2009_-_cropped.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Laurence_
Fishburne_2009_-_cropped.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.defenseimagery.mil; <a data-x-rel='nofollow'
class='external text' href='http://www.defenseimagery.mil/imagery.html;jsessionid=C5A8CCE28EEDF5666D9CEE7ABB798928#
guid=5ff483e8f8a05513a1a34ea67cfb00bd939277c1'>VIRIN: 090524-N-0696M-205</a> (cropped) Original artist: Chad J. McNeeley,
U.S. Navy
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Ilham_Alijew_%2810%29.jpg License: GFDL 1.2 Contributors: www.prezydent.pl Original artist: Archiwum Kancelarii Prezydenta RP
File:Mariel_Hemingway_headshot,_free_use.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Mariel_
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Q4233718' title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img alt='wikidata:Q4233718' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/
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tributors: This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID
ggbain.34794.
This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.
Original artist: Bain News Service
6.3 Content license 37

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