COPYRIGHT RESERVED

No Part Of This Presentation

May Be Reproduced, Copied,
.
Or Transmitted In Any Form
Or By Any Means!
Prepared By :
Pn Norisah bt Mustaffa
( 013-9327266)
03/13/17 1
 Chapter 5
Prepared By
Norisah Mustaffa
(COPYRIGHT RESERVED)

INDICES
5.1 Indices
5.2 Simplification Of Numbers In Index Notation
5.3 Division Of Numbers In Indices Form
5.4 Index Expressions Raised To A Power
5.5 Negative Integer Indices
5.6 Fractional Indices
5.7 Calculation That Involves Law Of Indices

03/13/17 2
 5.1 Indices
5.1
A Expressing Repeated Multiplication As an And Vice Versa
Repeated multiplication can be expressed as
an :
Number 3 is
Example: multiplied by
itself four
34 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 times.
33is4 the base as
is read andthree
4 is the
to index.
the power of four
In general, an an = a x a x a...x a
means the nth
power of a.
n factors
(Number a is multiplied
n times)
03/13/17 3
 5.1 Indices
5.1
A Expressing Repeated Multiplication As an And Vice-4Versa
Number
is
Example 1:
: Number 2 multiplied
is
Express each of the following
multiplied
as repeated 4 times.
multiplication. 6 times.
a) 26
Solution: b) (-4)4
Solution
=2x2x2x2x2x2 = (-4) x (-4) x (-4) x (-4)
Do you still remember?
A number to the
power of 2 is square
of a number. 32 = 3 x 3 (three
A number to the squared)
power of 3 is cube of
a number. 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 (two cube)

03/13/17 4
 5.1 Indices
5.1
Convert
B Finding The Value of an mixed
The values for the numbers in index notation
number caninto be
simplified using the repeated multiplication method.
improper
Example: fraction
Find the values for the following.
a) 43 b) (2 )4

Solution: Solution
=4x4x4 = (5) x (5) x (5) x (5)
= 64 2 2 2 2
= 625
16
= 39 1
16
03/13/17 5
 5.1 Indices
5.1
C Expressing Numbers In Index Notation
Example:
Express each of the following in index notation with
lowest base.
a) 81 3 81 b) 128 2 128
Solution: 3 27 Solution: 2 64
3 9 2 32
81 = 34 128 = 27
3 3 2 16
1 2 8
81 can be expressed in two index notation. 2 4
128 can
81 be
= 9expressed
2
in one index notaion only.
81 is a 2 2
81
squared
= 3 4
(lowest base)
81 = 92
number. 1
03/13/17 6
 5.2 Simplification Of Numbers In Index Notation
1 a) Verifying am x an = am+n
The product of two or more numbers and two or
more algebraic terms expressed in index notation
with the same base can be simplified by adding
the indices.
Same base,a. a xb
m
2
Example: 2n
x
24
a xa
m n
adding the
=am x bn
indices.
= 22+4
=a m+n Cannot be simplified
=2 by6adding the
indices, both a and
Add up the =
b 2x2x2x2x2x2
are different base.
indices.
= 64
03/13/17 7
5.2 Simplification Of Numbers In Index Notation
1 b) Verifying am x an = am+n
Example:
Simplify the following
a) p3 x p2 b) (-2)4 X (-2)3
Solution: Solution:
Method 1 Method 1- Repeated multiplication
Repeated
b) (-2)x(-2)x(-2)x(-2)x (-2)x(-2)x(-2)
multiplication
a) p x p x p x p x p = (-2)7
= p5 Method 2 Addition of indices
= (-2)4 x (-2)3
Method 2
= (-2)4 + 3
Addition of indices
= p3 x p2 = (-2)7
= p3 + 2 = -128
= p5
03/13/17 8
 5.3
5.3 Division of Of Numbers In Index Notation
2 a) Verifying am an = am - n
Division of numbers expressed in index notation
with the same base can be simplified by
subtraction of indices. m
a b n

Same base,a. Examlple: 38 33

Division of numbers =a8-3 b
m n
or algebraic terms =3
a a
m n expressed in index
notation with the = a
= 35
m
same base can be
=am - n simplified by bn
subtraction of = 3x3x3x3x3
Cannot be simplified
indices. by subtraction of
Subtract the
=indices,
243 both a and
indices. b are different base.
03/13/17 9
5.3 Simplification Of Numbers In Index Notation
5.2
2 b) Verifying am an =It aismeasier
-n
and faster to
use the method 2,
Example:
subtraction of indices for
Simplify the followingdivision of numbers in
a) b5 b2 b)notation.
index 64 63
Solution: Solution:
Method 1 Method 1- Repeated multiplication
Repeated 1 1 1
1 1 b) 6x6x6x6
multiplication 1 1
1 1 6 x 6 x 16
a) b x b xb xbxb
bxb = 61 = 6
= b3 Method 2 Subtraction of indices
= 6 4 63
Method 2
Subtraction of indices = 64 -3

= b5 b2
= 61 = 6
= b 52
= b3
03/13/17 10
 5.4
5.4
Index Expressions Raised to The
Power
3 a) Verifying (a ) = a
m n mx n

A number in index notation raised to a power can

be simplified by multiplying the indices.
Consider, (3a2)3
Index notation
raised to a power = 31x3 x a2x3
Examlple: (38)3
(a )
m n = 33 x a6
= 38x3
= 27a6
=a mxn
=3 24 All indices of terms
in the bracket must
be multiplied by the
Multiply the indices. index outside the
bracket.

03/13/17 11
 5.4
5.4
Index Expressions Raised to The
Power
3 b) Verifying (a ) = a
m n mx n

Example:
Simplify each of the following
a) (65 x 52)3 b) (3x2y)4

Solution: Solution:
(65 x 52)3 (3x2y)4
= 65x3 x 52x3 = 31x4 x x2x4 x y1x4
= 615 x 56 = 34x 8y4
Multiply each Multiply each
index in the index in the
bracket with 3 bracket with 4
(the positive (the positive
integer) integer)
03/13/17 12
 5.5 Zero Indices
4 a) Verifying a0 = 1
Consider, 83 83 and simplify,
a) repeated multiplication b) subtraction the indices.

Solution: Solution:
a)Repeated b) Subtraction of
multiplication
1 1 1
indices
1 1 1
=8x8x8 = 8 3 83
8x8x8
= 83-3
=1
= 80
Thus, 80 =
03/13/17
1 13
 5.5 Zero Indices
4 b) Verifying a0 = 1
Any number raised to a power of zero is
always equal to one.
Example:
ab0 = a x 1
25 = 1
0
=a

(52x4y3)0 = 1 3q0r3 = 3x1xr3

= 3r3
03/13/17 14
 5.6 Negative Integer Indices
5 a) Verifying a-n = 1
an
Consider, 73 75 and simplify,
a) repeated multiplication b) subtraction the indices.
Solution: Solution:
a)Repeated b) Subtraction of
multiplication
1 1 1
indices
1 1 1
7x7x7 = 7 3 75
7x7x7x7x7
= 73-5
=1
72 = 7-2
Thus, 1 = 7-2
72
03/13/17 15
 5.6 Negative Integer Indices
5 b) Verifying a-n = 1
an
An index can be a positive integer or a negative
integer. 8
3 -2
2 a-4
x -8
m 6

If the power of a number is a negative number, the

power is-6known as negative index.
a can be written as,1
a6

2-3 =1 3y-2 = 3 4 -4
= 5 4

Thus, 23 y2 5 4

03/13/17 16
 5.7 Fractional Indices
1
n
6 a) Verifying a = a
n

If the power of a number is fraction, the

power is known as fractional index.
1 1
2
25 = 25 4 = 4
2 3 3

3 3
2 4
36 = 36 16 = 16
2 3 4 3

03/13/17 17
 5.7 Fractional Indices
1

6 b) Finding the value of a n

1. Calculate the value of the following.

1 Convert number 27 into

27 1 3 index form. The index

must same to the
denominator of its
= (33) 3 fractional index.
Thus, 27 = 33
3x
=3
1
3 Index notation raised to a
power, multiply the
=3 indices.

03/13/17 18
 5.7 Fractional Indices
1

5 c) Finding the value of a n

2. Calculate the value of the following.

2 Convert number 64 into

64 3 index form. The index

must same to the
2 denominator of its
= (43) 3 fractional index.
Thus, 64 = 43
3x
=4
2
3 Index notation raised to a
power, multiply the
= 42 = 16 indices.

03/13/17 19
 5.7 Fractional Indices
1

6 d) Finding the value of a n

3. Calculate the value of the following.

3 Convert number 81 into

81 4 index form. The index

must same to the
3 denominator of its
= (34) 4 fractional index.
Thus, 81 = 34
4x
=3
3
4 Index notation raised to a
power, multiply the
= 33 = 27 indices.

03/13/17 20
LAWS OF INDICES Brief Notes

1 a xa =a
m n m+n Add up the indices.

2 a a =a
m n m-n Subtract the indices.

3 (a ) = a
m n mx n Multiply the indices.

4 a = 1 always equal to 1.
0 A number raised to a power of zero

5 a = 1 Negative index written with a

-n

1
a n postive index.
n
6 an
= a Fractional indices give us root
terms.
03/13/17 21
 Lets
Practice..

03/13/17 22
Question 1:
Find the values of the following.
a) (-5)3
b) 2 4
3

Solution: Solution:
Method 1 Method 1
Repeated Repeated multiplication
multiplication b) 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
a) -5 x -5 x -5 3x3x3x3

= -125 = 16
81
03/13/17 23
 Question 2:
Find the values of the following.
Negative sign
a) (-0.2) 4
is multiplied 4
b) (1.2)2 times, the
answer is (+).
Solution: Solution:

a) -0.2 x -0.2 x -0.2 x b) 1.2 x 1.2

-0.2 = 1.44
= 0.0016
1 d.p + 1 d.p + 1
1 d.p + 1 d.p = 2
d.p + 1 d.p = 4
decimal points
decimal points

03/13/17 24
Question 3:
Express the following in index notation with
a base given in the brackets.
a) 8 [2] b) 243 [3]
2 8
Solution: Solution: 3 243
2 4
3 81
8 = 23 2 2 243 = 35 3 27
1
3 9
3 3
8 = 23 1
8 is two
cubed.

03/13/17 25
 Question
4:
Express 64 in index notation with a base of,
a) 2 b) 4 c) 8
Solution: Solution: Solution:
a) 64 = 26 b) 64 = 43 c) 64 = 82
2 64
2 32 4 64
8 64
2 16 4 16
8 8
2 8 4 4
1
2 4 1
2 2 64 can be expressed in three index notation.
1 64 = 26, 64 = 43, 64 = 82

03/13/17 26
 Question
5:
Simplify each of the following.
(a) 43 x 47 (b) 5a2 x 3a6 (c) 25 x 34 x 23 x 33
Solution:

Solution: b) (5 x 3)a2+6 Solution:

a) = 43+7 = 15a8 c) = 25 x 23 x 34 x 33

=4 10 = 25+3 x 34+ 3
= 28 x 37
Multiplication of numbers expressed in index notation
with the same base can be simplified by addition of
indices.

03/13/17 27
 Question
6:
Simplify each of the following.
(a) 119 114 (b) m5n8 mn3 (c) 45r5 3r4
Solution:

Solution: b) m5-1 x n8-3 Solution:

a) = 119-4 = m4n5 c) =(45 )r5-4
3
= 115
= 15r

Division of numbers expressed in index notation with the

same base can be simplified by subtraction of
indices.

03/13/17 28
 Question
7:
Simplify each of the following.
a) (57)4 b) (-65)8 c) x3 5

Solution: Solution: Solution:

a) = 57x4 b) = -65x8 c) = x3x5
= 528 = -640 y1x5

A number in index notation = x15

raised to a power can be y5
simplified by multiplying
the indices.

03/13/17 29
 Question
8:
Simplify each of the following.
a) (a3b2c4)3 b) (24x43x52)2 c) (3x3y2)5

Solution: Solution:
a)= a3x3b2x3c4x3 c) = 31x5x3x5y2x5
= a9b6c12 = 35x15y10
Solution: A number in index
notation raised to a
b) = 24x243x252x2 power can be simplified
by multiplying the
= 28x46x54
indices.
03/13/17 30
 Question
9:
Simplify each of the following.
a) (p7q2r3)2 x (-2p3q2r)2 b) 32(x5y2)3 4(x4y2)2
8p2qr3
Solution: Solution:
a)= (-2)2(p14+6q4+4r6+2) b) =32 (x15y6) (x8y4)
8p2qr3 4
= 4(p20-2q8-1r8-3) = 8(x15-8y6-4)
8 = 8x7y2
= 1(p18q7r5)
2
03/13/17 31
 Question 10:
Simplify each of the following.
a) (4a5b2)3 (2a3b)4 b) 23 x-3 x3
a2b
Solution:
Solution:
b) = 8 x-3- 3
a)= (4324)(a15-12b6-4)
a 2b = 8 x-6
=8 1
= (6416)(a 3-2
b 2-1
)
x6
= 4ab = 8 x x6
= 8x6
03/13/17 32
 Question 11:
Simplify each of the following.
a) 16y7 2 b) (x3y4)2 (x4y2)0
2y3

Solution: Solution:
a)= (8y7-3)2 b) = x3x2y4x2 1
= (8y4)2 = x6y8 1
= 82y4x2 = x6y8
= 64y8

03/13/17 33
 Question 12:
RewriteReciprocal
eachReciprocal
ofofthe following with a positve
2 is of 3 is
index. 5 1
5 2 3
a) 3 -4
Thus, the b) 2 -2
Thus, the
negative
negative index isindex is 5
Solution: changed
changed to a to a Solution:
positive index.
positive index.
a)= 1 4 b)= 5 2

3 2

= 1 = 25
81 4
= 6
03/13/17 34
 Question 13:
Simplify each of the following.
a) 3
8y4 b) 2253p6
1 4 3 6
=8 3
X y 3
= 25 2X p 2

1 4 3
= (2 3 3
) X y 3 = (5 )
2 2
X p 3

3x1 4 2x3
=2 3 X y 3
=5 2 X p3
4
= 2y 3
= 53p 3 = 125p3
03/13/17 35
 Question 14:
Simplify each of the following.
a) 5
2433 b) 6645m18
3 5 18
5
= 243 = 64 6X m6
3 5
= (3 5 5
) = (2 )
6 6
X m
3

5x3 6x5
=3 5
=2 6 X m3
3
= 3 = 27 = 25m 3 = 32m3
03/13/17 36
 Question 15:
Simplify each of the following.
4 2 1
5 3 4
a) 100 000 b) 27 x 33 81
4 2 1
= (10 5 5
) = (3 ) 3 3
X 3 (3 )
3 4 4

3x2 3 4x1
= 10
5x4
5 =3 3x3 3 4

2
= 10 4 =3 X 3 3
3 1

= 10 000 = 32+3-1 = 34 = 81
03/13/17 37
 Thank You
We cannot do everything at once
... but we can do something at
once.

03/13/17 38