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PROTOZOANS

Class Rhizopoda
All amoeba are COMMENSAL exc. E. histolytica (Patho)
All amoeba inhabit the COLON exc. E. gingivalis (Oral cavity)
All amoeba are WITH CYSTIC stage exc. E. gingivalis (Troph only)
NOTE:
a) ENTAMOEBA True amoeba with PERIPHERAL CHROMATIN
b) ENDOLIMAX & IODAMOEBA NO visible peripheral chromatin

TROPHOZOITE CYST
MOTILE NON-MOTILE
Feeding stage Non-Feeding stage
Vegetative stage INFECTIVE STAGE
Diarrheal and liquid stools Formed stools
SALINE mount Saline and Iodine mount (d Antonis iodine
(*Iodine- destroys troph) stain)
*Permanently stained-most reliable

E. histolytica E. coli
(PATHO) (NON-PATHO)
Trophozoite -Extraintestinal amoebiasis
IS: mature cyst w/ 4 nuclei

-moves only ine ONE direction -several direction (sluggish motion)

-only one pseudopod -several pseudopods
-Endoplasm: w/ RBC -Endoplasm: w/ bact, yeasts and cell
-centrally located karyosome detritus
-eccentrically located karyosome
Cyst Chromatoidal bars: COFFIN-SHAPED Chromatoidal bars: SPINTER-LIKE needles
Mature: w/ 4 nuclei (Quadrinucleated Mature: w/ 8 nuclei
cyst)
NOTES E. hartmanni: differ only in size from
E.histolytica
Large rare E.H.: cyst >10um diameter

NON-PATHOGENIC AMOEBA (Cause: Fecal contam)

TROPH CYST
E. coli -15-50 microns (larger than EH) -10-30 microns
-Bact and cellular debris in endoplasm -Nuclei: 1-8
-Movement: SLUGGISH
-Pseudopodia: Blunt and Granular
-Karyosome: ECCENTRIC
E. nana -6-12 microns (smallest amoeba) = -6-16 microns
comp to RBC -usually oval
-Movement: SLUGGISH -Nuclei: 4 (CROSS EYED)
-Karyosome: Large Round Dot
I. butschlii -6-25 microns -Nucleus: 1
I. will iamsi -intracellular exclusions and motility are -Most prominent feature: Large iodine
those EC staining vacuole
-Karyosome: irreg, rounded, cluster of
achromatic kayosomal granules

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E. gingivalis -5-35 microns

-oral cavity -extrudes pseudopodia similar to EH but
-GUM infection DOES NOT exhibit true progressive NO CYSTIC STAGE
locomotion
-Karyosome: Small, CENTRALLY located

OPPORTUNISTIC AMOEBA
-1 Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

Naegleria Acanthamoeba
-major causative agent of 1 Amoebic -contam of contact lens care solution
Meningoencephalitis Cult: BAP flooded w/ E.coli
-both amoeba and flagellate -Chronic nervous sys infec (GRANULOMATOUS
-amoeboflagellate ENCEPHALITIS)
-purulent spinal fluid with motile amoeba

CLASS MASTIGOPHORA (FLAGELLATES)

TROPH CYST
E. hominis -Pear shaped or ovoid Nuclei: 2-4
-Motility: JERKY
Embadomo -Cleft like cytostome -Pear shaped
nas -2 ant flagella Nucleus: 1
intestinalis
C. mesnilii -Spiral groove -Lemon to Oval shaped
-3 ant flagella and 1 w/in cytostome -Protrusion at one end
-Motility: Spiral boring, JERKY American Lemon Shape, Nipple
like cyst
G. lamblia -only BILATERALLY SYMMETRICAL protozoan Nuclei: 2-4
Lamblia -4prs of flagella
intestinalis -w/ sucking disk
-Old Mans Face/ Old man with
Eyeglasses

TRICHOMONAS SP. troph only; UNDULATING MEMBRANE

T. hominis T. tenax T. vaginalis

Habitat Intestine Oral cavity Genitalia
Size Medium Smallest Largest
Inclusion - - Siderophil Granules
bodies
Spx Stool Oral scrapings FEMALE: urine, vaginal
-can be recovered in the -can be recovered in the discharge
SPUTUM SPUTUM MALE: urine, prostatic
secretion
NOTES FEMALE: Burning sensation
-STRAWBERRY CERVIX
Cult: 1)Mod diamonds med
2) Feinberg Whittington Med
MALE: Chronic Urethritis

*PINGPONGs disease

HEMOFLAGELLATES
Vector: Phlebotomus

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Leismania tropica Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania donovani

-Old world cutaneous -American mucocutaneous -Visceral Leishmaniasis
leishmaniasis leishmaniasis -Kala-azar(Black fever)
-Oriental Sore -Espundia -Dum-dum fever
-Aleppo button -Bubas
-Baghdad or Jericho Boil -Wheeping lesions
-Dry Lesions -Chiclero ulcer
Skin test: Dr. Montenegros BM, visceral lymph nodes,liver,
skin test spleen

Pathology Vector NOTES

T. rhodesiense East African Sleeping
Sickness
Tsetse flies (Genus
Sleeping sickness
Glossina)
T. gambiense West African Sleeping
Sickness
T. cruzi Chagas disease Triatomid bug, Kissing Changs medium,
American bug, Reduviid bugs, Cardiac Dse, XenoDx, c-
Trypanosomiasis Assassin bug (Genus shaped trypomastigotes
Triatoma/Rhodvius)

Phil: Triatoma
rubrofasciata

CILIATES

Balantidium coli
-only human patho
-Largest parasitic protozoan
-NH: Pigs

SPOROZOA
P. vivax P. malariae P. falciparum P. ovale
Benign Tertian Malaria Quartan Malaria Malignant Tertian Malaria Ovale Malaria
(every 48hrs) (every 72hrs) (every 36hrs)
Schuffners dot Ziemanns dot Maurers dots James dots
(band form) (Stephen
Christopher/Cuneiform
dots)
Only reticulocyte Old Red cells All ages of RBC
Round gametocyte Ovoid gametocyte Crescent shaped
gametocyte
16 merozoites/RBC Fruit Pie/ Rosette/ 24-32merozoites/RBC 8-9 merozoites/RBC
Daisy head merozoite
Amoeboid troph Cerebral Malaria
Blackwater fever
*multiple ring infec
*marginal/appliqu/accol
e formation, double
chromatin dot

NOTE:
P. vivax and P. ovale: a) Schuffners dots
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b) Relapse (hypnozoites)
CM: Atabrine/Mepacrine (anti-malarial) = YELLOW URINE
LAB:
1) Exam of Blood Film
THICK BLOOD FILM THIN BLOOD FILM
Screening ID of sp
Dehemoglobinize Fix (Methanol)
Stain with GIEMSA

2)QBC Technique (Quanti buffy coat)

-Fluorochrome: ACRIDINE ORANGE
3) Immuno
a)Optimal Assay-detects parasitic LDH (pLDH)
b) Malaquick (HRP2 Ag: P.falciparum)

PATHO:
1) Paroxysm: Chills and Fever
a)every 36hrs: P. falciparum
b) every 48hrs: P. vivax, P. falciparum
c) every 72hrs: P. malariae
2) Anemia

BABESIA sp.
a) No Malarial Pigment
b) No growing troph
c) Vector: TICKS (Ixodes)
-res P. falciparum rings

B. bigemia: RED water fever in cattle

COCCIDIA:
IS: oocyst

DH: Man Lab:

IH: Pigs
ISOSPORA BELLI CRYPTOSPORIDIUM TOXOPLASMA
GONDII

DH Man Cat (Sporogony)

-oocysts
IH Pigs Man (Schizogony)
-Bradyzoites: inactive
-Tachyzoites: active
IS Oocyst
Lab Stool exam Stool Exam Sabin Feldman dye test
Mod AFS [C I] Mod AFS [C I] IFA
Sheather Sugar Floatation
Tech
Pathology Watery, frothy diarrhea Congenital Infec
[TORHCES]
NOTES C. parvum
C. hominis

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