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Given Data
R = 801
Width of beam, b = 300 mm
, = 0.75 = 0.75 801 = 600.75
= 18
= 280 = 280
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 801 = 2002.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2002.5
= = = 109.94
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 600.75 109.94
= 0.003 = 0.003
109.94
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
109.94
= 0.9 2802002.5 600.75
2
= 275.4169614
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 801 = 4005
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4005
= = = 219.88
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 600.75 219.88
= 0.003 = 0.003
219.88
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
219.88
= 0.9 2804005 600.75
2
= 495.3549006
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
190.97
= 0.9 2803478.34 600.75
2
= 442.8858319452
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 802 = 2005
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2005
= = = 110.08
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 601.5 110.08
= 0.003 = 0.003
110.08
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
110.08
= 0.9 2802005 601.5
2
= 276.1043796
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 802 = 4010
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4010
= = = 220.16
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 601.5 220.16
= 0.003 = 0.003
220.16
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
220.16
= 0.9 2804010 601.5
2
= 496.5897384
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
191.21
= 0.9 2803482.69 601.5
2
= 443.9926153026
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 803 = 2007.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2007.5
= = = 110.22
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 602.25 110.22
= 0.003 = 0.003
110.22
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
110.22
= 0.9 2802007.5 602.25
2
= 276.7926546
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 803 = 4015
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4015
= = = 220.43
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 602.25 220.43
= 0.003 = 0.003
220.43
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
220.43
= 0.9 2804015 602.25
2
= 497.8311723
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
191.44
= 0.9 2803487.03 602.25
2
= 445.1038970868
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 804 = 2010
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2010
= = = 110.35
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 603 110.35
= 0.003 = 0.003
110.35
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
110.35
= 0.9 2802010 603
2
= 277.484319
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 804 = 4020
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4020
= = = 220.71
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 603 220.71
= 0.003 = 0.003
220.71
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
220.71
= 0.9 2804020 603
2
= 499.0690908
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
191.68
= 0.9 2803491.37 603
2
= 446.2121687184
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 805 = 2012.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2012.5
= = = 110.49
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 603.75 110.49
= 0.003 = 0.003
110.49
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
110.49
= 0.9 2802012.5 603.75
2
= 278.17431075
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 805 = 4025
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4025
= = = 220.98
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 603.75 220.98
= 0.003 = 0.003
220.98
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
220.98
= 0.9 2804025 603.75
2
= 500.313618
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
191.92
= 0.9 2803495.71 603.75
2
= 447.3218183868
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 806 = 2015
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2015
= = = 110.63
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 604.5 110.63
= 0.003 = 0.003
110.63
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
110.63
= 0.9 2802015 604.5
2
= 278.8651593
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 806 = 4030
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4030
= = = 221.25
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 604.5 221.25
= 0.003 = 0.003
221.25
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
221.25
= 0.9 2804030 604.5
2
= 501.559695
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
192.16
= 0.9 2803500.06 604.5
2
= 448.4341273104
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 807 = 2017.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2017.5
= = = 110.76
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 605.25 110.76
= 0.003 = 0.003
110.76
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
110.76
= 0.9 2802017.5 605.25
2
= 279.5594067
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 807 = 4035
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4035
= = = 221.53
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 605.25 221.53
= 0.003 = 0.003
221.53
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
221.53
= 0.9 2804035 605.25
2
= 502.8022377
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
192.4
= 0.9 2803504.4 605.25
2
= 449.54653464
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 808 = 2020
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2020
= = = 110.9
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 606 110.9
= 0.003 = 0.003
110.9
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
110.9
= 0.9 2802020 606
2
= 280.251972
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 808 = 4040
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4040
= = = 221.8
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 606 221.8
= 0.003 = 0.003
221.8
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
221.8
= 0.9 2804040 606
2
= 504.051408
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
192.64
= 0.9 2803508.74 606
2
= 450.6603200064
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 809 = 2022.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2022.5
= = = 111.04
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 606.75 111.04
= 0.003 = 0.003
111.04
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
111.04
= 0.9 2802022.5 606.75
2
= 280.9453941
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 809 = 4045
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4045
= = = 222.08
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 606.75 222.08
= 0.003 = 0.003
222.08
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
222.08
= 0.9 2804045 606.75
2
= 505.2970314
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
192.87
= 0.9 2803513.08 606.75
2
= 451.7799098904
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 810 = 2025
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2025
= = = 111.18
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 607.5 111.18
= 0.003 = 0.003
111.18
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
111.18
= 0.9 2802025 607.5
2
= 281.639673
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 810 = 4050
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4050
= = = 222.35
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 607.5 222.35
= 0.003 = 0.003
222.35
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
222.35
= 0.9 2804050 607.5
2
= 506.549295
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
193.11
= 0.9 2803517.42 607.5
2
= 452.8964567988
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 811 = 2027.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2027.5
= = = 111.31
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 608.25 111.31
= 0.003 = 0.003
111.31
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
111.31
= 0.9 2802027.5 608.25
2
= 282.33736335
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 811 = 4055
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4055
= = = 222.63
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 608.25 222.63
= 0.003 = 0.003
222.63
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
222.63
= 0.9 2804055 608.25
2
= 507.7979991
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
193.35
= 0.9 2803521.77 608.25
2
= 454.015670913
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 812 = 2030
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2030
= = = 111.45
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 609 111.45
= 0.003 = 0.003
111.45
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
111.45
= 0.9 2802030 609
2
= 283.033359
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 812 = 4060
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4060
= = = 222.9
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 609 222.9
= 0.003 = 0.003
222.9
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
222.9
= 0.9 2804060 609
2
= 509.053356
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
193.59
= 0.9 2803526.11 609
2
= 455.1349754826
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 813 = 2032.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2032.5
= = = 111.59
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 609.75 111.59
= 0.003 = 0.003
111.59
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
111.59
= 0.9 2802032.5 609.75
2
= 283.73021145
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 813 = 4065
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4065
= = = 223.18
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 609.75 223.18
= 0.003 = 0.003
223.18
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
223.18
= 0.9 2804065 609.75
2
= 510.3051408
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
193.83
= 0.9 2803530.45 609.75
2
= 456.255658089
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 814 = 2035
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2035
= = = 111.73
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 610.5 111.73
= 0.003 = 0.003
111.73
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
111.73
= 0.9 2802035 610.5
2
= 284.4279207
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 814 = 4070
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4070
= = = 223.45
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 610.5 223.45
= 0.003 = 0.003
223.45
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
223.45
= 0.9 2804070 610.5
2
= 511.563591
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
194.07
= 0.9 2803534.8 610.5
2
= 457.379012664
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 815 = 2037.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2037.5
= = = 111.86
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 611.25 111.86
= 0.003 = 0.003
111.86
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
111.86
= 0.9 2802037.5 611.25
2
= 285.129054
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 815 = 4075
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4075
= = = 223.73
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 611.25 223.73
= 0.003 = 0.003
223.73
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
223.73
= 0.9 2804075 611.25
2
= 512.8184565
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
194.31
= 0.9 2803539.14 611.25
2
= 458.5024529316
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 816 = 2040
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2040
= = = 112
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 612 112
= 0.003 = 0.003
112
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
112
= 0.9 2802040 612
2
= 285.82848
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 816 = 4080
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4080
= = = 224
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 612 224
= 0.003 = 0.003
224
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
224
= 0.9 2804080 612
2
= 514.08
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
194.54
= 0.9 2803543.48 612
2
= 459.6317360208
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 817 = 2042.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2042.5
= = = 112.14
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 612.75 112.14
= 0.003 = 0.003
112.14
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
112.14
= 0.9 2802042.5 612.75
2
= 286.5287628
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 817 = 4085
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4085
= = = 224.27
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 612.75 224.27
= 0.003 = 0.003
224.27
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
224.27
= 0.9 2804085 612.75
2
= 515.3430933
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
194.78
= 0.9 2803547.82 612.75
2
= 460.7579378304
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 818 = 2045
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2045
= = = 112.27
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 613.5 112.27
= 0.003 = 0.003
112.27
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
112.27
= 0.9 2802045 613.5
2
= 287.2324791
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 818 = 4090
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4090
= = = 224.55
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 613.5 224.55
= 0.003 = 0.003
224.55
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
224.55
= 0.9 2804090 613.5
2
= 516.602583
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
195.02
= 0.9 2803552.17 613.5
2
= 461.8868179716
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 819 = 2047.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2047.5
= = = 112.41
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 614.25 112.41
= 0.003 = 0.003
112.41
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
112.41
= 0.9 2802047.5 614.25
2
= 287.93447865
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 819 = 4095
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4095
= = = 224.82
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 614.25 224.82
= 0.003 = 0.003
224.82
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
224.82
= 0.9 2804095 614.25
2
= 517.8687696
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
195.26
= 0.9 2803556.51 614.25
2
= 463.0157774424
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 820 = 2050
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2050
= = = 112.55
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 615 112.55
= 0.003 = 0.003
112.55
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
112.55
= 0.9 2802050 615
2
= 288.637335
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 820 = 4100
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4100
= = = 225.1
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 615 225.1
= 0.003 = 0.003
225.1
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
225.1
= 0.9 2804100 615
2
= 519.13134
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
195.5
= 0.9 2803560.85 615
2
= 464.14611495
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 821 = 2052.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2052.5
= = = 112.69
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 615.75 112.69
= 0.003 = 0.003
112.69
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
112.69
= 0.9 2802052.5 615.75
2
= 289.34104815
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 821 = 4105
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4105
= = = 225.37
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 615.75 225.37
= 0.003 = 0.003
225.37
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
225.37
= 0.9 2804105 615.75
2
= 520.4006199
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
195.74
= 0.9 2803565.19 615.75
2
= 465.2778304944
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 822 = 2055
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2055
= = = 112.82
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 616.5 112.82
= 0.003 = 0.003
112.82
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
112.82
= 0.9 2802055 616.5
2
= 290.0482074
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 822 = 4110
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4110
= = = 225.65
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 616.5 225.65
= 0.003 = 0.003
225.65
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
225.65
= 0.9 2804110 616.5
2
= 521.666271
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
195.97
= 0.9 2803569.54 616.5
2
= 466.4167283412
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 823 = 2057.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2057.5
= = = 112.96
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 617.25 112.96
= 0.003 = 0.003
112.96
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
112.96
= 0.9 2802057.5 617.25
2
= 290.7536373
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 823 = 4115
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4115
= = = 225.92
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 617.25 225.92
= 0.003 = 0.003
225.92
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
225.92
= 0.9 2804115 617.25
2
= 522.9386442
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
196.21
= 0.9 2803573.88 617.25
2
= 467.5512070152
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 824 = 2060
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2060
= = = 113.1
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 618 113.1
= 0.003 = 0.003
113.1
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
113.1
= 0.9 2802060 618
2
= 291.459924
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 824 = 4120
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4120
= = = 226.2
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 618 226.2
= 0.003 = 0.003
226.2
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
226.2
= 0.9 2804120 618
2
= 524.207376
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
196.45
= 0.9 2803578.22 618
2
= 468.687063726
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 825 = 2062.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2062.5
= = = 113.24
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 618.75 113.24
= 0.003 = 0.003
113.24
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
113.24
= 0.9 2802062.5 618.75
2
= 292.1670675
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 825 = 4125
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4125
= = = 226.47
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 618.75 226.47
= 0.003 = 0.003
226.47
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
226.47
= 0.9 2804125 618.75
2
= 525.4828425
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
196.69
= 0.9 2803582.56 618.75
2
= 469.8242984736
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 826 = 2065
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2065
= = = 113.37
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 619.5 113.37
= 0.003 = 0.003
113.37
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
113.37
= 0.9 2802065 619.5
2
= 292.8776697
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 826 = 4130
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4130
= = = 226.75
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 619.5 226.75
= 0.003 = 0.003
226.75
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
226.75
= 0.9 2804130 619.5
2
= 526.754655
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
196.93
= 0.9 2803586.9 619.5
2
= 470.962911258
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 827 = 2067.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2067.5
= = = 113.51
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 620.25 113.51
= 0.003 = 0.003
113.51
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
113.51
= 0.9 2802067.5 620.25
2
= 293.58652995
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 827 = 4135
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4135
= = = 227.02
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 620.25 227.02
= 0.003 = 0.003
227.02
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
227.02
= 0.9 2804135 620.25
2
= 528.0332148
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
197.17
= 0.9 2803591.25 620.25
2
= 472.104216675
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 828 = 2070
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2070
= = = 113.65
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 621 113.65
= 0.003 = 0.003
113.65
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
113.65
= 0.9 2802070 621
2
= 294.296247
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 828 = 4140
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4140
= = = 227.29
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 621 227.29
= 0.003 = 0.003
227.29
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
227.29
= 0.9 2804140 621
2
= 529.3133244
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
197.4
= 0.9 2803595.59 621
2
= 473.250117564
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 829 = 2072.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2072.5
= = = 113.78
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 621.75 113.78
= 0.003 = 0.003
113.78
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
113.78
= 0.9 2802072.5 621.75
2
= 295.0094322
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 829 = 4145
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4145
= = = 227.57
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 621.75 227.57
= 0.003 = 0.003
227.57
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
227.57
= 0.9 2804145 621.75
2
= 530.5897611
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
197.64
= 0.9 2803599.93 621.75
2
= 474.3928715148
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 830 = 2075
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2075
= = = 113.92
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 622.5 113.92
= 0.003 = 0.003
113.92
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
113.92
= 0.9 2802075 622.5
2
= 295.720866
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 830 = 4150
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4150
= = = 227.84
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 622.5 227.84
= 0.003 = 0.003
227.84
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
227.84
= 0.9 2804150 622.5
2
= 531.872964
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
197.88
= 0.9 2803604.28 622.5
2
= 475.5383228736
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 831 = 2077.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2077.5
= = = 114.06
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 623.25 114.06
= 0.003 = 0.003
114.06
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
114.06
= 0.9 2802077.5 623.25
2
= 296.4331566
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 831 = 4155
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4155
= = = 228.12
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 623.25 228.12
= 0.003 = 0.003
228.12
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
228.12
= 0.9 2804155 623.25
2
= 533.1524814
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
198.12
= 0.9 2803608.62 623.25
2
= 476.6838344856
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 832 = 2080
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2080
= = = 114.2
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 624 114.2
= 0.003 = 0.003
114.2
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
114.2
= 0.9 2802080 624
2
= 297.146304
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 832 = 4160
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4160
= = = 228.39
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 624 228.39
= 0.003 = 0.003
228.39
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
228.39
= 0.9 2804160 624
2
= 534.4387776
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
198.36
= 0.9 2803612.96 624
2
= 477.8307241344
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 833 = 2082.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2082.5
= = = 114.33
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 624.75 114.33
= 0.003 = 0.003
114.33
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
114.33
= 0.9 2802082.5 624.75
2
= 297.86293215
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 833 = 4165
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4165
= = = 228.67
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 624.75 228.67
= 0.003 = 0.003
228.67
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
228.67
= 0.9 2804165 624.75
2
= 535.7213757
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
198.6
= 0.9 2803617.3 624.75
2
= 478.97899182
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 834 = 2085
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2085
= = = 114.47
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 625.5 114.47
= 0.003 = 0.003
114.47
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
114.47
= 0.9 2802085 625.5
2
= 298.5777963
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 834 = 4170
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4170
= = = 228.94
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 625.5 228.94
= 0.003 = 0.003
228.94
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
228.94
= 0.9 2804170 625.5
2
= 537.0107652
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
198.84
= 0.9 2803621.65 625.5
2
= 480.129963264
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 835 = 2087.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2087.5
= = = 114.61
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 626.25 114.61
= 0.003 = 0.003
114.61
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
114.61
= 0.9 2802087.5 626.25
2
= 299.29351725
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 835 = 4175
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4175
= = = 229.22
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 626.25 229.22
= 0.003 = 0.003
229.22
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
229.22
= 0.9 2804175 626.25
2
= 538.296444
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
199.07
= 0.9 2803625.99 626.25
2
= 481.2855573582
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 836 = 2090
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2090
= = = 114.75
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 627 114.75
= 0.003 = 0.003
114.75
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
114.75
= 0.9 2802090 627
2
= 300.010095
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 836 = 4180
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4180
= = = 229.49
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 627 229.49
= 0.003 = 0.003
229.49
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
229.49
= 0.9 2804180 627
2
= 539.5889268
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
199.31
= 0.9 2803630.33 627
2
= 482.4379662102
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 837 = 2092.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2092.5
= = = 114.88
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 627.75 114.88
= 0.003 = 0.003
114.88
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
114.88
= 0.9 2802092.5 627.75
2
= 300.7301661
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 837 = 4185
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4185
= = = 229.76
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 627.75 229.76
= 0.003 = 0.003
229.76
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
229.76
= 0.9 2804185 627.75
2
= 540.8829594
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
199.55
= 0.9 2803634.67 627.75
2
= 483.591753099
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 838 = 2095
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2095
= = = 115.02
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 628.5 115.02
= 0.003 = 0.003
115.02
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
115.02
= 0.9 2802095 628.5
2
= 301.4484606
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 838 = 4190
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4190
= = = 230.04
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 628.5 230.04
= 0.003 = 0.003
230.04
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
230.04
= 0.9 2804190 628.5
2
= 542.1732624
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
199.79
= 0.9 2803639.02 628.5
2
= 484.7482501092
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 839 = 2097.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2097.5
= = = 115.16
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 629.25 115.16
= 0.003 = 0.003
115.16
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
115.16
= 0.9 2802097.5 629.25
2
= 302.1676119
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 839 = 4195
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4195
= = = 230.31
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 629.25 230.31
= 0.003 = 0.003
230.31
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
230.31
= 0.9 2804195 629.25
2
= 543.4703883
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
200.03
= 0.9 2803643.36 629.25
2
= 485.9047946592
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 840 = 2100
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2100
= = = 115.29
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 630 115.29
= 0.003 = 0.003
115.29
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
115.29
= 0.9 2802100 630
2
= 302.890266
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 840 = 4200
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4200
= = = 230.59
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 630 230.59
= 0.003 = 0.003
230.59
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
230.59
= 0.9 2804200 630
2
= 544.763772
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
200.27
= 0.9 2803647.7 630
2
= 487.062717246
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 841 = 2102.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2102.5
= = = 115.43
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 630.75 115.43
= 0.003 = 0.003
115.43
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
115.43
= 0.9 2802102.5 630.75
2
= 303.61113405
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 841 = 4205
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4205
= = = 230.86
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 630.75 230.86
= 0.003 = 0.003
230.86
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
230.86
= 0.9 2804205 630.75
2
= 546.0639912
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
200.5
= 0.9 2803652.04 630.75
2
= 488.22661944
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 842 = 2105
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2105
= = = 115.57
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 631.5 115.57
= 0.003 = 0.003
115.57
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
115.57
= 0.9 2802105 631.5
2
= 304.3328589
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 842 = 4210
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4210
= = = 231.14
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 631.5 231.14
= 0.003 = 0.003
231.14
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
231.14
= 0.9 2804210 631.5
2
= 547.3604556
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
200.74
= 0.9 2803656.38 631.5
2
= 489.3873035688
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 843 = 2107.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2107.5
= = = 115.71
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 632.25 115.71
= 0.003 = 0.003
115.71
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
115.71
= 0.9 2802107.5 632.25
2
= 305.05544055
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 843 = 4215
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4215
= = = 231.41
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 632.25 231.41
= 0.003 = 0.003
231.41
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
231.41
= 0.9 2804215 632.25
2
= 548.6637681
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
200.98
= 0.9 2803660.73 632.25
2
= 490.5507057696
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 844 = 2110
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2110
= = = 115.84
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 633 115.84
= 0.003 = 0.003
115.84
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
115.84
= 0.9 2802110 633
2
= 305.7815376
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 844 = 4220
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4220
= = = 231.69
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 633 231.69
= 0.003 = 0.003
231.69
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
231.69
= 0.9 2804220 633
2
= 549.9633132
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
201.22
= 0.9 2803665.07 633
2
= 491.7141475596
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 845 = 2112.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2112.5
= = = 115.98
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 633.75 115.98
= 0.003 = 0.003
115.98
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
115.98
= 0.9 2802112.5 633.75
2
= 306.505836
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 845 = 4225
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4225
= = = 231.96
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 633.75 231.96
= 0.003 = 0.003
231.96
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
231.96
= 0.9 2804225 633.75
2
= 551.269719
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
201.46
= 0.9 2803669.41 633.75
2
= 492.8789673864
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 846 = 2115
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2115
= = = 116.12
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 634.5 116.12
= 0.003 = 0.003
116.12
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
116.12
= 0.9 2802115 634.5
2
= 307.2309912
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 846 = 4230
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4230
= = = 232.24
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 634.5 232.24
= 0.003 = 0.003
232.24
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
232.24
= 0.9 2804230 634.5
2
= 552.5723448
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
201.7
= 0.9 2803673.76 634.5
2
= 494.046510048
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 847 = 2117.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2117.5
= = = 116.25
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 635.25 116.25
= 0.003 = 0.003
116.25
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
116.25
= 0.9 2802117.5 635.25
2
= 307.95967125
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 847 = 4235
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4235
= = = 232.51
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 635.25 232.51
= 0.003 = 0.003
232.51
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
232.51
= 0.9 2804235 635.25
2
= 553.8818439
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
201.93
= 0.9 2803678.1 635.25
2
= 495.218721942
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 848 = 2120
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2120
= = = 116.39
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 636 116.39
= 0.003 = 0.003
116.39
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
116.39
= 0.9 2802120 636
2
= 308.6865432
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 848 = 4240
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4240
= = = 232.78
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 636 232.78
= 0.003 = 0.003
232.78
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
232.78
= 0.9 2804240 636
2
= 555.1928928
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
202.17
= 0.9 2803682.44 636
2
= 496.3876829352
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 849 = 2122.5
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2122.5
= = = 116.53
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 636.75 116.53
= 0.003 = 0.003
116.53
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
116.53
= 0.9 2802122.5 636.75
2
= 309.41427195
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 849 = 4245
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4245
= = = 233.06
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 636.75 233.06
= 0.003 = 0.003
233.06
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
233.06
= 0.9 2804245 636.75
2
= 556.5001428
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
202.41
= 0.9 2803686.78 636.75
2
= 497.5580219652
Case (i):
= 2.5 = 2.5 850 = 2125
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 2125
= = = 116.67
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 637.5 116.67
= 0.003 = 0.003
116.67
= 0.0109
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
116.67
= 0.9 2802125 637.5
2
= 310.1428575
Case (ii):
= 5 = 2.5 850 = 4250
Solution
First we assume the under-reinforced behavior
280 4250
= = = 233.33
0.85 0.85 20 300
Now we find the strain in steel
0.85 637.5 233.33
= 0.003 = 0.003
233.33
= 0.004
280
= = 0.0014
=
2
233.33
= 0.9 2804250 637.5
2
= 557.814285
Case (iii):
First we find the Maximum Steel Ratio as under
20
= 0.318 = 0.318 0.85 = 0.0193
280
=
2
202.65
= 0.9 2803691.12 637.5
2
= 498.729739032