COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 411

COMPOSITRE CONSTRUCTION

Generic term to describe any building construction involving multiple dissimilar

materials.
Increased strength, aesthetics, and environmental sustainability.
Why? Because concrete is good in compression and steel is good in tension.
Composite systems also offer benefits in terms of speed of construction and highly
efficient and lightweight design.
HOUSE BUILDING
Composite Construction
Flitch Beam
Is a compound beam used in the
construction of houses, decks, and
other primarily wood-frame
structures. Typically, the flitch
beam is made up of a steel plate
sandwiched between two wood
beams, the three layers being held
together with bolts. In that
common form it is sometimes
referenced as a steel flitch beam.
STRUCTURAL Engineering
Composite Construction
Structural Analysis
Composite construction exists when two
different materials are bound together so
strongly that they act together as a single
unit from a structural point of view. When Steel Beam
this occurs, it is called composite action.

One common example involves steel beams

supporting concrete floor slabs.
Concrete Slab
If the beam is not connected firmly to the
slab, then the slab transfers all of its weight
to the beam and the slab contributes nothing
to the load carrying capability of the beam.

However, if the slab is connected positively to Proper Connection

the beam with studs, then a portion of the
slab can be assumed to act compositely with
the beam. In effect, this composite creates a
larger and stronger beam than would be
provided by the steel beam alone.
Larger & Stronger Load Carrying Beam
Structural Components

Steel frame with |composite

Composite floor components Through deck welding of
beams during construction
shear studs
COMPOSITE
SLABS
Comprise reinforced concrete
cast on top of profiled steel
decking, which acts as
formwork during construction
and external reinforcement at
the final stage. The decking
may be either re-entrant or
trapezoidal.
COMPOSITE
COLUMNS
-Comprise reinforced
concrete cast on top of
profiled steel decking,
which acts as formwork
during construction and
external reinforcement at
the final stage. The
decking may be either re-
entrant or trapezoidal.
Deck Construction
Composite Construction
Composite Decking
Composite Wood Decking
The traditional decking material is
pressure treated wood. The current
material many contractors choose to use
is composite decking. This material is
typically made from wood-plastic
composite or Fiberglass Reinforced
Plastic (FRP). Such materials do not
warp, crack, or split and are as versatile
as traditional pressure treated wood.
Composite decking is made through
several different processes, and there are
a multitude of sizes, shapes, and
strengths available. Depending on the
type of composite selected the decking
materials can be used for a number of
other construction projects including
fences and sheds.
Composite Steel Deck
In a composite steel deck, the
dissimilar materials in question are
steel and concrete. A composite steel
deck combines the tensile strength of
steel with the compressive strength of
concrete to improve design efficiency
and reduce the material necessary to
cover a given area. Additionally,
composite steel decks supported by
composite steel joists can span greater
distances between supporting elements
and have reduced live load deflection
in comparison to previous construction
methods.
Composite Deck Construction

Wood Decking Steel Deck

Re- Entrant Decking

Trapezoidal Decking
Metal Decking
The most commonly used type of decking system
Composite decking works together with the concrete fill to
make a stiff, light-weight, economical floor system
Composite decking is available in various profiles and
thicknesses
Decking with deformed ribs (or embossed decking), as
shown, is commonly used
The deformations on the ribs allow for a stronger bond
between the concrete and the decking
Less common styles of composite decking include:
Decking with the ribs formed in a dovetail or fluted pattern
Decking with welded wire fabric welded to the ribs
Decking with steel rods welded across the ribs
Installation of
Metal Decking
Metal decking is placed on the
structural steel at predetermined
points in the erection sequence 10
Metal decking may be installed by
the steel erection contractor or a
separate decking contractor
As an alternative to welding, powder
actuated tools may be used to attach
metal decking decking to structural
structural steel
Powder actuated tools use the
expanding gases from a powder load,
or booster, to drive a fastener
A nail-like fastener is driven through
the metal deck into the steel beam
The powder actuated tool, powder
load, and fastener must be matched
to the thickness of the structural
steel beam flanges
Installation of
Concrete
Concrete is installed by a concrete
contractor on top of the composite
metal decking decking, shear
connectors connectors, and welded
wire fabric or rebar grid (crack
control control reinforcing)
Pumping is a typical installation
method for concrete being placed
on metal decking 14
10,000 to 15,000 sq. ft. of concrete
slab may be installed per day
depending on slab thickness and
crew size (Ruddy 1986)
Title and Content Layout with Table
First bullet point here Class Group 1 Group 2
Second bullet point here
Class 1 82 95
Third bullet point here
Class 2 76 88

Class 3 84 90
Cement-Polymer Composite
Composite Construction
Polymer Concrete
Cement-polymer composites are being
developed and tested as a replacement for
traditional cement.
Type of concrete that use polymers to
replace lime-type cements as a binder.
Advantages: Resistant to aggressive media
Higher tensile strength with flexibility Water/salt water resistant
Less weight for the same material density Frost Resistant
High abrasion resistance Cast able to millimetre precision
Corrosion, aging and weather resistant Can have very high quality surfaces (e.g.
smooth/coloured etc)
High Performance Composites
Composite Construction
High Performance Composites
High performance
composite decking has
emerged in recent years
to combat earlier
generations of composite
decking like wood plastic
composite (WPCs) that
were struggling to
maintain credibility in
the marketplace.
Composite Construction

Advantages Disadvantages
In a composite floor system the concrete acts together
with the steel to create a stiffer, lighter, less expensive The additional subcontractor needed
structure for shear connector installation will
Connecting the concrete to the steel beams can have increase field cost
several advantages:
It is typical to have a reduced It is typical to have a
reduced Installation of shear connectors is
Shallower beams may be used structural steel frame cost another operation to be included in the
Weight of the structural steel frame may be decreased schedule
which
Shallower beams may be used which might reduce
building height
A concrete flatwork contractor who has
Increased span lengths are possible 5 frame may be
experience with elevated composite
decreased which may reduce foundation costs slabs should be secured for the job
Reduced live load deflections possible
Stiffer floors
Composite Structures
Single-Tower Type
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
CENTER, Hong Kong
MANULIFE TOWER
CHEUNG KONG CENTRE,
Hong Kong
SHUN TAK CENTRE,
Hong Kong
HKCEC
CITIC TOWER,
Hong Kong
THE SHARD,
London
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_construction Rahman, N. A., & Booth, M. (2006, August). Innovative Mid Rise Construction. Retrieved from Structure Magazine: http://www.structuremag.org/archives/2006/August-2006/C-CI-Innovative-Mid-Rise-
Aug-06.pdf Archived September 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.

Jump up^ http://www.structuremag.org/archives/2007/June%202007/D-From%20Exp%20Flitch%20Plates%20DeStefano-pac-5-10-07.pdf Structure Magazine Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.

Jump up^ Composite Decking. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2010, from ToolBase Services: http://www.toolbase.org/Technology-Inventory/Decks-Patios-Fences/composite-decking

Jump up^ Recycling Facts. Retrieved April 07, 2012, from Trex Company, Inc: http://www.trex.com/plan/why-trex/environmentally-friendly/recycling-facts/index.htm

Jump up^ "Composite Construction - Steelconstruction.info". Retrieved 2014-11-09.

Jump up^ "Composite Steel Joist - Steel Joist Institute (SJI)". Retrieved 2014-11-09.

Jump up^ "Structural Steel in Construction from Construction Knowledge.net". Retrieved 2014-11-09.

Jump up^ Loutfy, R. O. (2005, April 25). National Center For Environmental Research, US EPA. Retrieved June 14, 2010, from Final Report: Cement-Polymer Composites From Recycled Polymers for
Construction:http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/6970/report/F

Jump up^ Gwatney, Brent (2013). "Two Decades of Composite Decking: Where the Industry Has Been and What's Next". GreenExpo365.com.

^ Jump up to:a b Booker, Tom (2013). "10 Things You Should Know About Composite Decking". Decks of Distinction.

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Composite_construction

http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bswmwong/photo_lib/pdf/composite.pdf

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Composite_construction

http://www.ence.umd.edu/~ccfu/ref/CompConstCamber1_Fu.pdf