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survival of a mother and her newborn. The most vulnerable time for both is during the hours and
days after birth. Lack of care in this time period may result in death or disability as well as
missed opportunities to promote healthy behaviours, affecting women, newborns, and children.
Routine PNC (Post Natal Care) : What, When, Where and Who?
What is routine PNC?
Preventive care practices and routine assessments to identify and manage or refer complications
for both mother and baby including:
Extra care for low birthweight (LBW) or small babies and other vulnerable babies, such as
those born to
HIV- infected mothers (two or three extra visits)
The majority of newborn deaths occur in LBW babies, many of whom are preterm. Intensive
care is not needed to save the majority of these babies. Around one third could be saved with
simple care,9 including:
Identify the small baby
Assess for danger signs and manage or refer as appropriate
Provide extra support for breastfeeding, including expressing milk and cup feeding, if needed
Pay extra attention to warmth promotion, such as skin-to-skin care or Kangaroo Mother Care
Ensure early identification and rapid referral of babies who are unable to breastfeed or accept
expressed breastmilk
Provide extra care for babies whose mothers are HIV-positive, particularly for feeding support
Early identification and referral /management of emergencies for mother and baby
Appropriate detection, management, or referrals are necessary to save mothers and babies in the
event of
life-threatening complications
Danger signs for the mother
Excessive bleeding
Foul smelling vaginal discharge
Fever with or without chills
Severe abdominal pain
Excessive tiredness or breathlessness
Swollen hands, face and legs with severe headaches or blurred vision
Painful, engorged breasts or sore, cracked, bleeding nipples