TOEFL STRUCTURE (DARMIATI,ST)

1. Amber comes ..... from the resins

of pine trees that grew in Northern
Europe millions of years ago.
(A) chiefly
(B) and chiefly
(C) it is chiefly
(D) since it is chiefly

2. An adult human must take eight

steps to go ... as a giraffe does in
one stride.
(A) as far
(B) the farther
(C) how far
(D) farther

3. When the focus of a pair of

binoculars is adjusted, into view.
(A) bringing distant objects
(B) distant objects can be brought
(C) and bring distant objects
(D) to bring distant objects

4. From the Iroquois tradition of

behind-the-scenes political
participation by women, Alice
Jemison acquired a self-confidence
that-in her later crusades.
(A) her served well
(B) served well her
(C) served her well
(D) her well served

5. Because of its importance in

modern living, . in all parts of the
world.
(A) algebra is studies in schools
and colleges
(B) studying algebra in schools
and colleges
(C) and the study of algebra in 6. .. in the diet is especially
schools and colleges important for vegetarians.
(D) in schools and colleges are (A) Enough protein is obtained
algebra studies (B) Obtaining enough protein
(C) They obtain enough protein
 (D) By obtaining enough protein

7. The early work of Edith Wharton

the relationship between the
individual and the community.
(A) focuses attention on
(B) focusing the attention on
(C) the attention is focused on
(D) is the attention and focus

8. Archaeologists know 35,000

years ago, but it is still unclear for
precisely what purpose.
(A) drawing being practiced
(B) when the practice of drawing
(C) that drawing was practiced
(D) practicing of drawing

9. Coral reefs owe their brilliant

colors to algae .... in symbiosis
with coral polyps.
(A) that live
(B) do they live
(C) why they live
(D) live

10.The specialized nature of

anthropological research makes ....
that various groups of people be
studied to determine their 11.Watercolor provides a brilliant
similarities and differences. transparency and freshness, ... it
(A) imperative is allows extraordinarily free
(B) it imperative brushwork.
(C) it is imperative (A) that
(D) it is an imperative (B) during
(C) which
(D) and

12.The common cold, normally ...

illness, can seriously threaten the
health of postoperative patients.
(A) can be minor
 (B) as minor
(C) minor an
(D) a minor

13.Only recently .. possible to

separate the components of
fragrant substances and to
determine their chemical
composition.
(A) it becomes
(B) having become
(C) has it become
(D) which becomes

14.Commercial expansion from city to

suburb has affected the way
people in the United States .
(A) living and working
(B) they live and work
(C) live and work
(D) to live and to work

15.Charles Lindbergh told reporters

.. never been from attempting to
cross the Atlantic alone even
16.Wind motion can be observed in
though others had failed.
the mesosphere by ..... the trails of
(A) that he had
(B) that he had it meteors passing through it.
(C) had it (A) to watch
(D) his having (B) watching
(C) watched
(D) watch

17.Thomas Edison's first patented

invention was a device .... in
Congress.
(A) votes counted for
(B) had been counting votes
(C) for counting vote
(D) be a counted vote

18.Clara Bow, a popular actress in the

1920's, retired ..... she was unable
to make the transition from silent
 films to sound films.
(A) nevertheless
(B) in spite of
(C) because
(D) and for

19.Built in 1882, the Kinzua Viaduct in

Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is
open only to those visitors ..... are
able to walk its 2,058 - foot length.
(A) who
(B) to whom
(C) which they
(D) that which

20.A bridge must be strong enough to

support its own weight ...... the
weight of the people and vehicles 21.The swallows of Capistrano are
that use it. famous ...... to the same nests in
(A) as well California each spring.
(B) so well (A) to return
(C) as well as (B) who returned
(D) so well as (C) they returned
(D) for returning

22.In the fourteenth century, ...... that

glass coated with silver nitrate
would turn yellow when fired in an
oven.
(A) the discovery
(B) it was discovered
(C) with the discovery
(D) if it was discovered

23. recurring fear is out of

proportion to any real danger, it is
called a phobia.
(A) When
(B) Whereas
(C) Which
(D) Whether
24.Many modern photographers
attempt to manipulate elements of
photography other in their
photographs.
(A) than light is
(B) than light
(C) being light
(D) light

25.For any adhesive to make a really

strong bond, .... to be glued must
be absolutely clean and free from 26.Although still underwater, Loihi
moisture or grease. Seamount, the newest Hawaiian
(A) and surfaces island, ..... closer to the surface by
(B) when surfaces frequent volcanic eruptions that
(C) the surfaces add layers of lava to the island.
(D) surfaces that (A) brought
(B) to be brought
(C) being brought
(D) is being brought

27... unstable and explodes as a

supernova is not known.
(A) For a star to become
(B) How a star becomes
(C) A star becomes
(D) That a star is becoming

28.Not until linoleum was invented in

1860 . hard - wearing, easy - to -
clean flooring.
(A) any house did have
(B) did any house have
(C) house had any
(D) any house had

29.Hiram Revels, the first Black

member of the United States
Senate, served as senator from
Mississippi, an office he was
elected in 1870.
(A) which
 (B) to which
(C) and which
(D) being which

30.Oceans continually lose by

evaporation much of the river
31.A microscope can reveal vastly ....
water ..
detail than is visible to the naked
(A) to constantly flow into them
eye.
(B) is constantly flowing into them
(A) than
(C) constantly flows into them
(B) than more
(D) constantly flowing into them
(C) more than
(D) more

32.Narcissus bulbs .... at least three

inches apart and covered with
about four inches of well drained
soil.
(A) should be planted
(B) to plant
(C) must planting
(D) should plant

33.Industrialization has been

responsible for .... most radical of
the environmental changes caused
by humans.
(A) a
(B) the
(C) some of which
(D) which are the

34.In many areas the slope and

topography of the land ... excess
rainfall to run off into a natural
outlet.
(A) neither permit
(B) without permitting
(C) nor permitting
(D) do not permit

35.Color and light, taken together, .

the aesthetic impact of the interior
of a building.
(A) very powerfully influence
(B) very influence powerfully
(C) powerfully very influence
(D) influence powerfully very
36.. that Rachel Carsons 1962 book
Silent Spring was one of the chief
sources of inspiration for the
development of nontoxic
pesticides.
(A) There is likely
(B) Likely to be
(C) It is likely
(D) Likely

37.Total color blindness, ....... , is the

result of a defect in the retina.
(A) a rare condition that
(B) a rare condition
(C) that a rare condition
(D) is a rare condition

38...... no conclusive evidence exists,

many experts believe that the
wheel was invented only once and
then diffused to the rest of the
world.
(A) Even
(B) But
(C) Although
(D) So

39.Wherever there is plenty of rain

during the growing season, life
is .... in various forms.
(A) abundant
(B) the abundance
(C) an abundant
(D) it abundant

40.In her time, Isadora Duncan

was ..... today a liberated woman.
(A) calling what we would
(B) who would be calling
(C) what we would call
(D) she would call it
 42. Despite its wide range of styles and
instrumentation, country music has
certain common features .... its own
special character.
(A) give it that
(B) that give it
(C) give that
(D) that gives it to

43. Most of _____ archaeologists know

about prehistoric cultures is based on
studies of material remains.
(A) these
(B) what
(C) which
(D) their

44. According to some critics, the novels

of William Burroughs demonstrate the
major hazard of absurd literature,
_____ tendency toward over-
embellishment and incoherence.
(A) not with standing
(B) besides
(C) is a
(D) its
45. Coinciding with the development of
jazz in New Orleans in the 1920's ....
in blues music.
(A) was one of the greatest periods.
(B) one of the greatest periods
(C) was of the greatest periods
(D) the greatest periods

46. The province of Newfoundland had ....

than any other region of North
America in which the
first language is English.
(A) its longer history
(B) a longer history
(C) the longer the history
(D) the history is longer
41. ..... around stones that are sun-
warmed, even the smallest of stones
creates tiny currents of warm air.
(A) The cool air
(B) If the air is cool
(C) That the air cools
(D) The cooler the air