ABSTRACT

The main aim of this project is to control the electrical appliances using DTMF.
Whenever a key is pressed from the phone according to that key pressed that particular is
turned on/off and LCD is used for Display. HT9170B is the DTMF Decoder used.

DTMF (dual tone multi frequency) is the signal to the phone company that you
generate when you press an ordinary telephone's touch keys. In the United States and
perhaps elsewhere, it's known as "Touchtone" phone (formerly a registered trademark of
AT&T). DTMF has generally replaced loop disconnect ("pulse") dialing. With DTMF,
each key you press on your phone generates two tones of specific frequencies. So that a
voice can't imitate the tones, one tone is generated from a high-frequency group of tones
and the other from a low frequency group. Here are the signals you send when you press
your touchtone phone keys.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display,
or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs
does not emit light directly.
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also
used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal
(with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where
several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long
distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-
transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early
computers to perform logical operations.
The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps down
the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are
removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator
7805 which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components.

CONTENTS

v
Title Page No.
CHAPTER 1
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 History 6
1.3 Characteristics of embedded systems 7
1.4 Peripherals
8
1.5 Debugging 9

CHAPTER 2
DESCRIPTION OF HARD WARE COMPONENTS
2.1 Block diagram 13
2.2 AT89S52
2.2.1 Introduction 14
2.2.2 Pin description 15
2.2.3 Architecture of microcontroller 18
2.2.4 Special function register memory 18
2.2.5 Addressing modes 19
2.2.6 Timers and Counters 21
2.3 Power supply
2.3.1 Introduction 27
2.3.2 Transformer 27
2.3.3 Transformer working 28
2.3.4 Rectifier 29
2.3.5 Bridge rectifier 29
2.3.6 Smoothing 30
2.3.7 Regulator 31
2.4 Max 232 32
2.5 ADC 34
2.6 Liquid Crystal Display 36

vi
CHAPTER 3
SENSORS
3.1 Sensor
3.1.1 Temperature sensor 45
3.1.2 Humidity sensor 47
3.1.3 Gas sensor 48

CHAPTER 4
DTMF TECHNOLOGY 49
CHAPTER 5
SOURCE CODE 54
CHAPTER 6
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 59
CHAPTER 7
OUTPUT SAMPLE 65
CONCLUSION 66
REFERENCES 67

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES
NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO.
Figure 1.1 Embedded system design calls 2
Figure 1.2 Embedded system design cycle 3
Figure 2.1 Transmitter section 13
Figure 2.2 Receiver section 13
Figure 2.3 Pin configuration 14
Figure 2.4 Oscillator connections 17
Figure 2.5 Architecture of Micro Controller 18
Figure 2.6 Power supply 27
Figure 2.7 Basic transformer 27
Figure 2.8 Transformer symbol 28
Figure 2.9 Bridge rectifier 30
Figure 2.10 Smoothing 30
Figure 2.11 Regulator 32
Figure 2.12 Pin diagram of MAX 232 33
Figure 2.13 MAX 232 33
Figure 2.14 Pin diagram of ADC 35
Figure 2.15 Molded chip carrier package 35
Figure 2.16 Sizes and shapes of LCD 38
Figure 2.17 Power supply for LCD 39
Figure 2.18 Pin diagram of 1x16 lines LCD 39
Figure 2.19 Entering text of LCD 43
Figure 2.20 Flow chart 44
Figure 3.1 Pin diagram of Temperature sensor 46
Figure 3.2 Gas sensor 48

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE NO.

Table 2.1 Port 1 Pin description 15
Table 2.2 Pin description 16
Table 2.3 Timer and interrupt 22
Table 2.4 TMOD Registers Timers/Counters 0 and 1 26
Table 2.5 TCON Registers 26
Table 2.6 Address location for 1x16 lines LCD 37
Table 2.7 Functions of LCD 40

ix