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1969
Recommended Citation
Chang, Jeng Seng, "The design of three-port strip line circulator" (1969). Masters Theses. Paper 6849.
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THE DESIGN OF THREE-PORT STRIP LINE CIRCULATOR
THESIS
Degree of
Rolla, Missouri
T 2275
1969 c. I
42 pages
ii
ABSTRACT
ACKNOvlLEDGEl\1ENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ABSTRACT ............ .......... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . .. ..... . . . iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . ... . . . . . vi
I. I NTRODUCTION . . ..... ..... 1
A. Literature Survey 1
Page
IV. APPENDICES . .. ........... .. 28
A. Comput ed Data for HCL- 300 Ferrite . . . 28
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fi gures Page
1. A typical strip line circula tor . ..... 2
I. I NTRODUCTION
A. Literature Survey
Circulator. A number of microwave devices utilizing
ferrites have been developed since the first device, a
microwave switch was built in 1949 using the Faraday
-
effect in ferrites . The circulator is one of these devices.
The classical four-port circulat ors using the Faraday
rotation or non-reciprocal phase shift have not performed
well at fre quencies below 3000 ~lli z. Operation below that
frequency became feasible upon the advent of the three-
port Y-circulator using strip line techniques.
The possibility of a three-port circulator was
postulated by Carlin (1) in 1954 on theoretical ground
from the scattering-matri~ treatment of the three - port
microwave junction. The performance charac teristics of an
early experimental mode l constructed in wave guide were
described by Chait and Curry (2) in 1959 . Si nce then, various
types of circulators; strip line circulat ors (3-6) , t hree-
port ring circulat ors (7) and o ther countless types (8)
have b een developed. The operat ing ba nd s extend from
several hundreds MHz through UHF , and the microwave re gion
to the millimeter- wavelength range. Each of thes e rarely
weighs mor e than a pound (usually a few ounces), and t he
l argest mode l s are le ss than 6 inches in diameter .
2
center
strip
u 0 jk
.::t:
u = u0 0 1 0
- jk 0 u
where
u = 1 +
r2HQMQ
(rHo) 2 - w2
W(rHQ)
k = ( rHo) 2 - w2
r = gyromagnetic rat io ~
Mo = saturation ma gnetization s
and
w = frequency of the applied a- c magnetic
field in the x- z plane
Assume a plane (TEM) wave propagating in the z-
direction incident normally on the air-ferrite boundary
with an ejWt time variation with the fields g iven by
E = EyY and hl = -h 0 i as shown in Fig . 2 . It will be
shown that the electric field in the ferrite satisfies
- .
the homogeneous H e~h oltz equation with an effec t ive
6
relative permeability ~
ferrite sheet
wave
- -
"V X H
o"D
= "bt ~ (2)
--
\7 B = 0 ~ (3)
and
--
)7E = 0 ' (4-)
.... ....
X y u 0 jk hx
-
'I X ..:a.
?>X
..L
?JY
~
;:,z = - jWu 0~ X 0 l 0 hy (6)
0 Ey 0 -jk 0 u hz
'
This can be simplified with the assumption that there is
no field variat ion in t he y-direction, then
X
A ,..
y z "
X y"
..
z
~Ey
0 ox uhx+j khz 0 uhz- j khx
(8 )
( 10 )
2
~Ey
+ ~ z:~.' + r ~Ey =0 ' (12)
\'Ihere
where
B. Approximate Method
-~(
- - -li - - - -) (16)
Ju;up k -d.)
COSp +
rf..
J~S~I~
'
and
B = }2 [Eo + ho J (17)
~(cos + j ~ sin0)
Ey = E0 cos[rCxsin~ + zcos~)]
----:h=0=c===o~s_(.,r_C;...x_s_i_niJ_....,+:-z_c_o_s..;../J_,:;)J:,.)--} (20)
}uo~P (cos/J + j ~ sin)
Eqs .(l8) , (19),and (20) are the fields inside the ferrite
due to a TEM wave incident on the air-ferrite boundary at
the origin of the coordinate system as shown in Fig. 2
(22)
'
h 0 cos(rz))
hx = Yp (jE0 sin(rz) - Yp
(23)
'
and
P= Re (8 X li* ) (25)
we obtain
2
Px = f sin (2rz)( h~ - Eo2 Yp) (26)
2u p
k h 2 2
~u
sin(2r z) ( yQ - E0 Yp )
tantl = Px = 12 (27)
Pz Eoho
woere 8 =J ~~ ) u!up =/ ~
(29 )
X
ho
Fig . 3 Gradual transition of the orientation of the
magnetic field.
( 30 )
'
( 31 )
and
) (32)
Eqs .( 33), (34), and (35) are used as the initial values
for the second segment propagation analysis in the
f ollowing approximation.
The p ower propagating along the second segment is
given by
P0 = }1...-{R-e-~-EY-)-.-(--h-x_)_*)_}_ EY-._h_z_*)-]-a
2 _+-(R_e_(_
1 (36)
(37)
(38)
( 40 )
This can be reduced to the same form as Eq .(29 ) and is
17
given by
ferrites .
following relations:
dx = RsiniD
= d osin 0 + d1sin1 +
(~2)
+ dnsin~
19
and
dz = R(l + cos~)
= d 0 cos~ 0 + d1 cos~1 + + d n - 1cosrl
l"n - 1
+ dncos~ (43)
Rsi~sin ~ ~
a = (49)
sin nesin(~ - n-1: e)
2 2
Substitute Eq. (49) into Eq. (28), it becomes
20
tane = 2uk cj Up
Er
- ~up-
~ )sinf2r X
l
----~R_s_i_~-~~s_i_n_~--~----}
(50)
sinn~sin( ~ - n2l e)
16~79 r
0 . 03492 ( 51)
= sin
...Lc}up
u Er
-~)
Jup-
21
R = 0 . 5863 (52)
r.JL,GJL- ~
u \/~ J---up )
50
: Bosma ' s experimental
values.
Ny=l . O
40
Ul
<1>
H
t:r:1
Cl) ..........
H Pi
<1> d - e bias .field cO
..p p::
<1>
30
s rd
.-I rl
r-l <1>
rl .-I
.-I 4-1
s Resonance field (.)
,.. I
p::: 20 rd
1
Ul rc;j'
::::! <1>
.-I t'l
rd .-I
cO rl
H cO
s
~ H
Cl) 10
.-I
t=l
z0
Frequency, megahertz
50
Ny=l . O
40 2
00
~
(!)
..p
(!)
s
~30 d -e bias field
r-1
H
s
rO
... r-1
pt (!)
o~------~------~--------._------~------_.------~~
0 500 1000 1 500 2000 2500 3000
Fre quency, megahertz
60
50
CJl
H
<1>
..p
<1> rd
8 rl
r-l 4 2 <1>
r-l
rl
Ct-1
.,..,
rl
s ()
..
()::j
I
rd
d-e bia s f i e l d ~
~ 3 ~
r-l r-l
rd rl
ro CIS
8
H
H
~ 0
----------~R~~~~~field__ 1 z
CJl
r-l
q 2 --------
0
0 5 00 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Frequency, megah e r tz
III . CONCLUSION
curve may use the same approach for determining the wave
locus in ferrite by evaluation of the magnetic field
associated with the more raal.i atic electric field e qua-
tion and analyzing the Poynting vector at the points to
obtain the correction angle etc. The effects of i mpedance
mismatch due to the ferrite and sudde n changes in strip
width may be considered in an attempt to improve the
design.
28
APPENDIX A
Demagnetization: Ny = 0 . 90 , Nx = Nz = 0 . 05
500 1 . 69 1 . 7051 0 . 2715 0 . 1592 1 . 6619 4-6 . 17 35 . 069
600 1 . 65 1 . 6729 0 . 284-8 0 . 1703 1 . 624-4- 54- . 79 27 . 218
700 1 . 63 1 . 6369 0 . 2876 0 . 1757 1 . 5864- 63 . 16 22 . 521
800 1 . 61 1 . 6017 0 . 2849 0 . 1778 1 . 5511 71 . 37 19.400
1000 1 . 57 1 . 5533 0 . 284-2 0 . 1829 1 . 5013 87 -78 15 . 012
w Ha ~
(MHz) Hr u k -ku Up (1/M)
R
(mm)
De magnetization : Ny = 0 . 8 0, Nx = Nz = 0 .10
50 0 1 . 69 1 . 74 38 0 . 3180 0 .1824 1 . 6858 46 . 50 30 . 680
600 1 . 65 1 .7072 0 . 3282 0 .1922 1 . 644 1 55 . 1 1 24 . 150
7 00 1 .63 1. 6676 0 . 3271 0 .1961 1 . 6034 63 . 50 20 . 204
800 1 . 61 1.6392 0 . 3206 0 .1967 1.5661 71.72 17 . 560
10 00 1.57 1.5760 0 . 3144 0 .1995 1 . 51 33 88 .13 1 3 . 783
1 500 1 . 50 1 . 4945 0 . 2984 0 . 2004 1 . 4296 128 . 48 9 . 073
2000 1.47 1 . 4152 0 . 2653 0 .1874 1 . 3655 167 . 43 7 . 228
2500 1.44 1 . 3681 0 . 2441 0 . 1784 1 . 3245 206 . 12 6 . 052
3000 1 .42 1 . 3263 0 . 2208 0 . 1664 1 . 2896 244 . 06 5 . 387
APPE DI X B
Demagnetization: Ny = 1 . 00, Nx = Nz = 0 . 00
w Ha u k -ku Up
r R
(MHz) Hr (1/M) ( mm )
500 1 . 69 2 .0390 0.1865 0 .0915 2 . 0219 57 .67 47 . 342
600 1 . 65 2 . 0387 0 .2207 0 .1083 2 . 0148 6 9 . 08 33.274
700 1.63 2 .0222 0 . 2461 0 . 1217 1.9922 80 . 14 25.317
800 1 . 61 1. 998 8 0 . 2650 0 .1326 1 . 9637 90 . 93 20 . 280
900 1.59 1 . 9895 0 . 2880 0 . 1448 1. 9478 101.88 16.480
1000 1 . 57 1.9725 0.3046 0.15'-1-4 1.9255 112 . 55 1 3 . 878
1 500 1.50 1.9230 0 . 3793 0.1972 1.84-81 165 . 41 7-197
2000 1.47 1 . 8455 0 . 3976 0.2154 1.7598 21 5 . 2 1 4 . 907
2500 1.44 1.7936 0 . 4 113 0 . 2293 1.6993 264 . 35 3 - 672
3000 1 .42 1 - 7361 0 . 4049 0 . 2332 1 . 6417 311.78 2 . 996
Demagnetization: Ny = 0 . 90 , Nx = Nz = 0 . 05
500 1 . 69 2 . 1041 0 . 2 345 0 .1114 2 . 0780 58 . 46 38 - 978
600 1 . 65 2 . 099 3 0 . 2 738 0 .1304 2 . 0 6 35 69 . 9 1 27 . 699
700 1 . 63 2 .0791 0 . 3018 0 .1451 2 . 0352 8 1.00 21. 279
800 1. 6 1 2 .0527 0 . 3218 0 .1567 2 . 0022 91 . 82 1 7 .192
~1 Ha f1
( MHz) Hr u k -ku {1/M)
R
(mm)
Demagnetization: Ny = 0 . 80 , Nx = Nz = 0 .10
500 1 . 69 2 .1697 0 . 3041 0 .1401 2 . 1271 59 . 15 31.082
600 1.65 2 .1606 0 . 3492 0 .161 6 2 .1041 70 . 59 22 . 408
70 0 1.63 2 .1375 0 . 3795 0 .1775 2 .0701 81 . 69 1 7 . 433
800 1.61 2 .1088 0 .3998 0 .1896 2 .0330 92 . 52 14 . 242
1000 1.57 2 .0736 0 .4L!-22 0 . 2132 1 . 9793 1 14 .12 10 . 085
1500 1. 50 2 . 0094 0 . 5132 0 . 2554 1 . 8 783 166 . 75 5 . 569
2000 1.47 1 . 9204 0 . 5144 0 . 2678 1 . 7826 21 6 . 60 3 . 953
2500 1.44 1 . 8595 0 . 5146 0 . 2767 1 . 7171 265 . 73 3 . 046
3000 1.42 1.7939 0 . 4942 0 . 2755 1 . 6577 313 . 31 2 . 538
APPENDI X C
W Ha u k k up r R
(MHz ) Hr. u (1/ M) (mm)
De magnetization : Ny = 0 . 80 , Nx = Nz = 0 . 10
50 0 1 . 69 2 . 3258 0 . 2399 0 . 1031 2 . 3010 6 3 . 54 39 . 758
600 1 . 65 2 . 3356 0 . 288 7 0 . 1236 2 . 2999 76 . 23 27 . 607
700 1 . 63 2 . 3271 0 . 3266 0 . 1403 2 . 2812 88 . 57 20 . 801
800 1 . 61 2 . 3100 0 . 3563 0 . 1 542 2 . 2551 100 . 64- 16 . 524
1000 1 . 57 2 . 2 962 0 . 4193 0 . 1826 2 . 2 197 124 . 81 11 . 1 33
1 500 1 . 50 2 . 271 3 0 . 5454 0 . 2401 2 . 1403 183 . 84 5 . 608
2000 1 . 47 2 . 1 999 0 . 588 5 0 . 267 5 2 . 0424 239 . 4 5 3 . 748
2500 1 . 44 2 .1517 0 . 6222 0 . 2891 1 . 9718 294 . 1 0 2 . 7 60
3000 1 . 42 2 . 0892 0 . 6227 0 . 2980 1 . 9036 346 . 7 6 2 . 220
Dema gnetization : Ny = 0 . 70 , Nx = Nz = 0 . 15
500 1 . 69 2 . 3669 0 . 3423 0 . 1446 2 . 3174 63 .76 28 . 336
600 1 . 65 2 . 37 31 0 . 4 044 0 . 1704 2 . 3043 76 . 30 20 . 010
suppl . 21 , p . 137.
35
VI. VITA