+

Public Speaking & Diversity

Different audiences have different

expectations.
Speakers must adapt to
audiences.
Audience-centeredness is key.
+

Analyzing the Audience

 - Age
- Gender
- Sexual orientation
Demographic - Racial
Audience Analysis - Ethnic and cultural
background
- Religion
Before - Group membership

you Psychological
- Attitudes
- Beliefs
speak Audience Analysis
- Values

- Time
Situational - Audience size
Audience Analysis - Location
- Occasion
 Adapting to Diverse Listeners
Look at differences beyond cultural.
Focus on a target audience.
Use variety of supporting materials.
Tell stories.
Balance logic with emotions.
Show ideas visually.
Identify common values of
audience.
 Analysing while you speak

Identify nonverbal cues from listeners:

Eye-contact.
Facial expression.
Nonverbal responsiveness.
Verbal responsiveness.
 What would you do in the following
situations?
If the audience
If the audience is If the audience
seems to disagree
bored seems confused

Provide more
Tell a story Use redundancy evidence

Remind them of your

Consider humor Phrase ideas differently
credibility

Give more facts &

Ask audience to
Increase rate of speech fewer stories
summarize

Give information
Give personal examples Use a visual aid
visually
 Analyzing Your Audience
After You Speak
Observe nonverbal responses.
Listen for verbal comments.
Survey audience.
Check for desired behavioral
responses from audience.

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2009

 To recap:
Adapting to the audience
Be clear and convincing to your
listeners.
Keep audience in mind as you prepare
speech.
Put yourself in their place.
Anticipate questions and objections.
Adjust your remarks in response to
feedback.
 ORGANIZING THE SPEECH

INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION

ORGANIZING THE SPEECH

 Outlining your speech
Topic:
General Purpose: (to inform?, to persuade? Or to entertain?)

Specific purpose: (By the end of the presentation, my audience should be

able to )

Central Idea: (A one-sentence summary of your talk)

INTRODUCTION: (Attention-catching opening line and preview major ideas)

BODY:
I. Major idea
A. Supporting idea
B. Supporting idea
II. Major idea
A. Supporting idea
B. Supporting idea

CONCLUSION:
Summarise main ideas and restate central idea
INTRODUCING THE TOPIC
 Rehearsing
Rehearse the speech out loud.
Look over the notes.
Speaking the words out loud will help you master
content.
Have friends or family listen and give feedback
Time your speech
 Presenting the speech
Move to the front of the room.
Face the audience.
Take a moment to look over the audience and
then smile.
Use your hands to emphasize.
Look at your classmates as often as possible.
Maintain eye contact.
Speak to all the audience.
Try to appear calm and relaxed.
Extemporaneous method
Know content quite
well

Prepare notes printing

Make strong eye
key terms and phrases
contact with audience
on index cards

Notes should be large

Speak directly to
enough to read at
the audience arms length
 Presenting the speech
Move to the front of the room.
Face the audience.
Take a moment to look over the audience and
then smile.
Use your hands to emphasize.
Look at your classmates as often as possible.
Maintain eye contact.
Speak to all the audience.
Try to appear calm and relaxed.