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\pard \ql {\fs24 \f1 This is a C.B.C. podcast missing and murdered who killed Al
berta Williams is a podcast the delves into the unsolved cold case of a young In
digenous woman Williams was murdered in northern British Columbia twenty seven y
ears ago. I'm Connie Walker join me as I track down people never interviewed by
police and others have been too afraid to speak out until now go to C.B.C. dot
ca slash who killed Alberta Williams for more subscribe to the podcast on i Tune
s or your favorite podcast app. I'm Dr Brian Goldman. Welcome to White Coat Bl
ack Art on C.B.C. Radio One and Sirius X.M. did you know that a recent survey fo
und forty percent of Canadians have symptoms of insomnia and least three days a
week. Well I'm one of them is five fifteen on a Saturday morning five fifteen A
.M. I've been up since about four thirty. Develop a lousy sleeper for as long a
s I can remember. But right now it's way worse. And in the past few months. I
t got much worse. Ever since I started hearing a strange and disturbing noise i
n my house. This noise. It's it's not like a bumblebee. A lowlevel Bumblebee
and it's not on right now it's intermittent and that's the problem. It's interm
ittent. I can't predict when it's going to occur I think it's worse first thing
in the morning. But it's likes. It's like several blasts of a very very low l
evel low pitched almost angry sounding Bumblebee. And I don't know if the noise
is waking me up or from waking up and then I notice that it's not on right now.
You know people told me to turn off different that maybe it's related to power
. Maybe it's related to a water heater. All I know is it's driving me crazy an
d I need some help because I am quite sure that there's no this did not exist un
til about a couple. I heard it a little bit then and I'm hearing it every morni
ng. And nobody else seems to be able to hear it in the house. She certainly ma
de me wonder if I'm going crazy. This is my first divorce from Mr Sandman my st
ory is decades in the making. Long before my twelfth birthday. I was greeting
the sun far too often from my well being could be up much of the night worrying
about class assignments to exams and friends around when I am knowing my sister
and parents were fast asleep. I'd worry about being alone by the time I went to
med school all that sleep deprivation made it easier to fall asleep. Unfortuna
tely I couldn't stay asleep. Just knowing that chronic insomnia has been linked
to high blood pressure diabetes heart failure stroke and dementia kept me wide
awake at night over the years I've tried to control every little thing that dist
racts me from sleep plugs eyeshades blackout curtains over the counter antihista
mine just made me too groggy the next morning. Melatonin. Nothing. But Larry
and not A then. And once when I was depressed. My doctor prescribed an antidep
ressant that helped me sleep and I've been on it ever since it didn't make my sl
eep normal but it kept it from getting worse until the noise arrived a few month
s ago five three five A.M. and I. Been up for close an hour now. But I started
to hear it again so I put the recorder on things maddening about the noises tha
t it's intermittent it's if it was every hour on the hour. I would know it's no
t it's you know am I going to hear one blast of a term but it's like you hear a
series of pulses ahead a series of blasts of the noise and then it stops the mad
dening thing is that is that you know why I wake up because I gotta go to the ba
throom and then I hear and kids have incredible hearing surely Sasha and Caylee
were bothered by the noise. So have you heard the noise. Yes my noise you have
heard my voice you know the one that got you haven't heard a crazy you know. S
ASHA. Have you heard the noise. Not at all like Yeah I've heard it one time I
woke up ones you know sleep for it was like of vibrating buzzing looks like a se
cond. You heard a series of yeah along the series last you think maybe twenty s
econds or thirty seconds. I woke up and just went to bed. One morning I sat in
my bedroom with the recorder on trying to capture the sound. That's when I not
iced my partner to merit was awake. There were a few little toots of of the noi
se to hear it now. It wasn't loud. You never heard it. No nothing like what y
ou think I'm being neurotic and just being an insomniac and this is my excuse.
I think it's valid. Yeah get my ears checked. I think I have to have my years
removed. I have laughing there's nothing funny about that. I know it's driving
me crazy but it's not driving you crazy thinking here. I was suddenly sailing
an elderly couple. You're laughing this is nothing funny about this you know I
feel terror. I can tell you try waking up at four thirty in the morning with.
Thank God I don't sit in here that. No I don't like zero nada nothing. It's no
t that loud. I say but you know what. When I wear earplugs. It's conduct it's
a conduction sound. It's like a vibrating noise it's not something you hear th
rough your through your ear like you know there's two kinds of hearing there's t
he air conduction which you hear through stuff that's passing through the you kn
ow through the air and then there's stuff that is called bone connection it actu
ally conducts through the bones of your skull. That's what I'm hearing. So no
I wouldn't wish this I might wish this on my worst enemy. But I certainly would
not wish it on you. You're welcome. If you think I'm obsessed with being vali
dated you haven't heard of the humble and unexplained low pitched droning noise
heard in places like Bristol Auckland and Seattle here in Canada we have the Win
dsor home believed to come from industry across the river in Michigan to solve m
y own personal noise mystery. It was time to call in the special couple of acou
stic engineers. Oh you know I'm well I'm not sleeping very well. Oh dear. We'
ve got a lot of noise going on in the house. I HOPE YOU GUYS ARE be able find i
t absolutely. Come on in thank you very much. I'm Nic let's remember to six en
gineer. Tony. Also with their group six engineer. So what do acoustic enginee
rs do. We find noise noise that's a problem for people in condominiums houses.
It's quite common. Actually for there to be extraneous noise is that the stupi
d people keep them awake. Although them and our aim is to come in see if we can
find that noise and then hopefully solve the problem. So you've got some equip
ment so you going to do your thinking absolutely can't lead the way. So what's
the device again this is a sound of a meter and we have another sort of means th
at it actually it wants to channel analyze that has both noise and vibration so
noise can travel through the air and a microphone will pick that up. The it can
also travel through structures and that's where the accelerometer which is goin
g to measure the sound and structure is going to pick that up. Noise is very in
teresting to way travels it does a lot of people think it needs to be close but
you know Tony and I we've been on projects where there's been actually a pump in
a whole other building and it's traveling through the water pipes in effect som
eone you know on the third floor of another building. Even though the pumps up
on the penthouse level that's not uncommon whatsoever. Tony Gambino and Nichola
s Sylvester Williams set up their sound capturing equipment. So that's working
like a stew clinicians they take a thorough history. It's I live in a semi in t
he past year. My neighbor and I have each put in a lot of new equipment to turn
ing on the hot water to make the tankless water heater go fire up. So I feel wa
rm would stay on after shut off. OK So this is a new furnace. So now it's vent
ing and drawing from outside. Whereas before it would have been. Yes going thr
ough your in and out of the chimney that's right there that's right there that's
another change. You know get the analyzer. So I've just finishing wired up my
. My two channel analyzer Channel One is sound channel two is vibration and I'm
going to do a quick calibration. And I have everything to do that with me. So
that will give me a couple minutes. I'm going to set that to the higher sets T
.V.. Tony finishes calibrating his instruments Nicholas may not be M.D.'s still
they spend a surprising amount of time working in hospitals as noise consultant
said that keeping things quiet and by bracing free for patients. And for expen
sive equipment like M.R.I.'s and that's that's off again possible says we're goi
ng to do M.R.I. We want to put it here is a good place to put it so very sensiti
ve machines if there's too much extraneous vibration. It won't image properly a
nd manufacture tells you that if it's installed in a location on top of the subw
ay which you have in a lot of hospitals and Drano it won't work that well and th
e manufacturers say you know tough guys have a nice day. You know. There goes
your five million dollars whatever happened. No because we get called in and we
tell them no this is not a good spot for that recently did was actually Mark I'
m still the hospital they wanted to move they moved the Helli pad to from I gues
s the ground to rooftop Markham still and that's Chris for Met of X. ray evacuat
ing patients like kids to the Hospital for Sick Children for instance. Exactly.
I mean that one. They were actually to flow right below was the new NEED to L
IE see you and other. For the birthing with birthing rooms and labor and delive
ry you know so that was one way every time the chopper came down. It was a real
ly big concern of the noise and how it was going to affect the babies and moms t
o be eggs. Hockley the diagnostic equipment is becoming so much more sensitive
these days that. The criteria for vibration and noise themselves you know patie
nt rooms kids everything else it is becoming a big concern in the medical indust
ry in medical culture people like me are taught never to guarantee a cure. When
it comes to diagnosing unwanted noise acoustic engineers like Nicholas Sylveste
r Williams are no different. There there are situations where you come in and w
e can spend a deed there and people will see it there it is I hear it. I hear i
t and human hearing being what it is the instruments are incredibly sensitive an
d they're often they don't pick it up and you know sometimes you do have to tell
people unfortunately you can't do very sensitive instrumentation cannot measure
any type of. And it's not there. Oh it's not measurable you're diplomatic but
you know you don't tell people they're crazy but you simply say it's not detect
able. We kind of have that medicine too. When we have people who have chest pa
in or think they've got to know what worms crawling out of their skin. Absolute
ly. OK. Already so we run the. Fan. We run and he's in the fun and the it's
in the fun and we Rando What's he to all independently. So you haven't heard it
I haven't heard it the the instruments haven't picked it up. And everything we
've turned on off from the dishwasher to the to the furnace the air conditioner
the fan the exhaust fan in the bathroom the hot water tank this water here they'
ve all been quiet. All done it home. They've all operated the way we hope they
will yours are right side. Again your whole house is actually quiet. This is
not uncommon for ages once we capture it. That's the hardest challenge is to ca
p it well. Once you captured. So you know what it is treatment. All right all
right listen thanks for coming by. OK OK thanks a lot. Thank you very much.
OK. I know. You're listening to White Coat Black Art on C.B.C. Radio One and S
irius X.M. I'm Dr Brian Goldman this week. Insomnia. It's been hard to find th
e source of my late night noise but for many of you this bone rattling Gruy that
's keeping you up at night is right beside you as many as one in four Canadians
have or are at risk of having obstructive sleep apnea. Dr Doug Bradley is an ex
pert on sleep apnea as sleep problems go. How big a deal is obstructive sleep a
pnea. Well it's the biggest deal of sleep problems. First of all it's very com
mon about ten percent of the adult population has it which makes it half as comm
on as hypertension and twice as common as asthma. Second it has serious cardiov
ascular consequences. We know that it increases the risk of high blood pressure
increases the risk of having a stroke and it increases the risk of having heart
fair. Most important for the patient though these snoring The company said is
a social problem because you share it with your bed partner because as you know
snoring is in the ear of the beholder. So it's often a problem with people movi
ng out of the bedroom because of the snoring. But for the patient. It's not th
e snoring that's the problem it's the headache in the morning. It's a feeling l
ike they've been hit by a ten ton truck when they get up. It's falling asleep i
n meetings. It's you know not being able to pay attention and falling asleep th
ey will have a car accidents. So it's I mean the whole issue of snoring you kno
w. Laugh in the world laughs with you. Snore in your sleep alone. Is what the
stuff. You know all the lines not here. And yet this is the sleep problem. T
hat it's a real sleep problem for the patient as well it certainly is and it's a
nd they probably aren't making the connection between their sleep and the fact t
hat they've got a problem they don't identify that they have a sleep problem in
the same way that I know that I have insomnia and one of the reasons for that is
unless you have a bed partner who says you're snoring or drive me crazy. You d
on't know you have it so we know that there's a much higher diagnostic rate of p
eople who are married or have bed partners because a bed partner brings it to th
eir attention that people who have it who live alone or sleep in the their own b
edroom. They often don't know they have it and they often don't get treated for
the people who listen to this show devotees of the show who don't have a lot of
medical training and medical background. What's going on with with obstructive
sleep apnea OK well a nutshell somebody with sleep apnea has a narrow throat an
d when you go to sleep. The muscles that keep the throat open relax like all th
e other muscles in the body and if you have a normal sized throat your throat wi
ll get smaller but you can still beat. If you start off with a narrow throat.
You lose the tone of the muscles your throat will close. It's like sticking a c
ork down your throat and as a consequence you start to sixty eight and as you a
sixty eight. Of course eventually you wake up. So the lack of oxygen wakes you
up you wake up with a loud snore. And that's the thing to disturb your bed par
tner. But it's also the thing that fragments and ruins your sleep. Because if
you're constantly waking up you don't get a good night's sleep and the next day
you're dead tired. So that's what sleep apnea is now you can have anywhere from
five events happening as an hour or you can go up to one hundred. And so someb
ody has got one hundred of these events an hour you can imagine how disrupted th
e sleep is how long do they stop breathing for. Well the minimum is ten seconds
but they can stop breathing for as long as two minutes. Usually it's about thi
rty seconds. But it's very disturbing to the bed partner because they're sittin
g there watching. When's he going to wake up. When's he going to wake up. Whe
n's he going to start breeding again. So that's quite distressing. And that's
why the bed partners. Often the person who drags the husband usually husband be
cause it's more common in men in by the arm of the scruff of the neck to see the
sleep doctor bed partners as Doug Bradley calls them. I don't know why but eve
ry time I hear that it makes me think of bed bugs. Well they know there's somet
hing wrong because I can hear it but in Canada thousands go undiagnosed and untr
eated because there just aren't enough sleep doctors and sleep labs Bradley and
his colleagues have invented a device called breeze zero D.X. that enables peopl
e to bypass the sleep lab altogether and get diagnosed in their own bedroom. It
's just a face frame with two batteries in it. So it's portable and it has this
little module on it. It's very simple to use you do not need a technician you
do not need a sleep lab oratory all you do is you take it home. You put the mas
k on your press a button and that's it that's it that's it. So what this means
is it just with breath sounds alone. We can accurately diagnose sleep apnea wit
hout having to go to sleep abort or you could do it in the comfort of your own h
ome. So it stacks up as well as the sleep lab. It does for sleep apnea. Of co
urse there are other diagnoses and sleep medicine besides sleep apnea like for i
nstance narcolepsy restless leg syndrome. So no it cannot diagnose that is spec
ifically for sleep apnea and it's also for snoring. So for some people snoring
even without sleep apnea is a problem because you know they can't sleep in the s
ame bed as or as their spouses so it's good for diagnosing snoring as well. So
what would be the benefit to Canadians of having this device in wide use in this
country. Well first of all we know that. In North America eighty five percent
of people who have sleep apnea are not diagnosed. And the main reason they're
not diagnosed is that they do not have access to a sleep lab oratory because the
re are few and far between. They're expensive and the physicians trained in sle
ep medicine are also quite rare. There's not that many of them. So. Allowing
people to take this device home and because it's a personal devices their device
they do not have to return it to the sleep of oratory. It means there's an unl
imited ability to diagnose sleep apnea because there's no limit to how many stud
ies you can do. OK So that means that the number of people who could be diagnos
ed using our device should go up substantially and therefore improve the access
to sleep apnea diagnosis and and health care to the two Canadians. I'm thinking
 about how ubiquitous. The problem of insomnia is and just how poorly the syste
m deals with people who have who have sleep disorders. Now in terms of insomnia
Insomnia is a subjective diagnosis there is no blood test. There's no there's
no lab oratory test that can say you have insomnia. OK it based on the patient'
s history of being unable their perception of being unable to sleep more than fo
ur hours for three months. OK that's the clinical diagnosis of insomnia. So yo
u don't actually have to go to sleep. The board. Torrie for that because it's
a subjective complaint. We know that insomnia per se is not quote a major healt
h risk. But we do know that insomnia that causes people to take sleeping pills
is and why do I say that because there has been two huge studies United States i
nvolving a million people where they've filled out a questionnaire and part of t
he question here is how much do you sleep and do you take sleeping pills. So th
ey found that if you sleep less than about five six hours or you sleep more than
nine hours. You are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and of cardio
vascular death but if you look down and carefully parse out to different parts o
f this the ones at greatest risk are the ones who complain of insomnia and less
than five hours sleep who also take sleeping pills and fact the sleeping pills s
eem to be a bigger risk than the insomnia itself. So there is a really serious
side to this anything coming. On the pipeline that can measure the quality of y
our sleep at home. Well there are devices that can measure sleep in the home.
The problem with them is that they have to have electrodes attached to your skul
l to measure your brain waves because sleep is a neurological there's a brain fu
nction right. So you can elect was can fall off. You have to have a technician
often put them on for example but I have to believe that if you can develop a d
evice that you can stick on your head you know that can tell you if you've got s
leep apnea or not that it ought to be possible to get I kept that you know that
can that can get enough of your brain waves the data for your brain waves to fig
ure out that so that's got to be coming pretty soon. Well it is there's a frien
d of mine who's developed such a device that can measure the electroencephalogra
m Dr Maya gram and electronically gram and that's the measure of the brain waves
the eye movements and muscle tone and the three of those together it give you s
leep. They tell you whether you're sleeping on the tile what stage of sleep and
this person has developed this device it's not marketed yet but it's in the pip
eline lots of interesting things in the future but I can't get over the fact tha
t with obstructive sleep apnea here I am trying to fall asleep or stay asleep an
d these people can't wake up. That's right. I don't know which ones worse. We
ll healthwise sleep apnea. I'm still married. So there's a good chance that I
don't have obstructive sleep. Dr Douglas Bradley thank you for speaking with us
. It's been a pleasure thank you so much for inviting me. I like the Dr Doug B
radley and his colleagues are inventing ways for people with sleep problems to b
ypass the doctor and diagnose themselves the sleeping pills we prescribe do more
harm than good. So when it came to my own noise problems. I can't find the so
urce of that mysterious hum. Maybe there's a gadget to make it less noticeable.
Oh and the last thing I do before I go to bed is put the white noise machine O
H OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH. Noisy. You bet. But it
masks out other sounds. Plus I'm the one who gets to throw the switch and it le
ts me get to sleep without going to the doctor I call that sound bites. That's
all the noise. We're going to make this week. Now go and check out an extremel
y cool animated video based on the show that producer Ben Shannon has created yo
u can see it at C.B.C. dot ca slash white coat. You've also posted some links a
bout sleep apnea and acoustic engineers before we go we need your help with the
story we're working on about medical translators. If you've been injured or fal
len ill in a country where people like me don't speak your language. We want to
hear your story and especially how you communicated with doctors and nurses. E
mail us at white coat at C.B.C. dot ca our Vox box number is one eight six six s
ix six seven one for tweet to me at night or the show at C.B.C. white coat or yo
u can post to our Facebook account and a reminder that you can listen to the sho
w on the go by downloading the free C.B.C. radio app or you can subscribe to our
podcast Blackheart was produced this week by Jeff goodes Alex is our digital pr
oducer. Our senior producer is done a dang wall that's medicine from my side of
 the gurney. I'm Brian Goldman sweet dreams. Casts. }
}