Basic definition of Stress and strain:

Stresses and Strains describe a relationship between an external force with a body, when a force
is applied on a body the resulting changes in its shape and size of a body. Any Deformation and
displacements from the result of stresses are described as strains. Strains resulting from tensile
and compressive stresses are termed longitudinal strains. (bassiouni 1994)

Equations for calculating stress and strain are defined by:

For stress:

F
= A .(0)

= stress

A = area

F = force

For strain:

L
Strain=
L .(0)

Strain = doesnt have unit

L=extention

L = original length
Elasticity theory

The property solids deform under the application of external force and regain their original shape
after the force is removed is referred to as its elasticity. External force applied to the area known
as the stress and the amount of deformation is called the strain and elasticity is related to stress
and strain by this equation.

E=
.(0)

E = elasticity
=stress

=strain

Poroelasticity theory

Soils such as sand and clay, consisting of small particles and particles have pore space are filled
with water. At soil mechanics called porous medium, porous media deformation depending on
the stiffness of the porous material, and on the behavior of the liquid in the pores
If the permeability of the material is small, the deformation can be significantly retarded by the
viscous behavior of liquid in the pores, The simultaneous deformation of the porous material and
the flow of the pore fluid is the subject of the theory of consolidation, often denoted as
(poroelasticity).