Académique Documents
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Development Phase
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By Pratap Thimaiah
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Kick
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Causes of Kick
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Excessive swabbing
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differential
Expansion of gas as it reaches the surface.
Air entrained in mud from the Kelly air trips.
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Pre-Kick Data
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Pre-Kick Data
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Positive Indicators
Mud pit level/flow increase
Incorrect hole fill up during trip
Decrease in stand pipe pressure
Increase in pump rate
Increase/decrease in drill string weight
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
Potential Indicators
Increase in ROP
Lost circulation
Changes in mud density and conductivity.
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Wellheads
Control systems
Associated equipment
Blow out Preventers
Annular
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
Ram Type
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BOP
Annular Preventer
Doughnut shaped elastic
element with bond steel
reinforcement.
Extrusion of element into
wellbore is effected by upwards
movement of hydraulically
actuated piston.
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
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BOP
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BOP
Ram Preventers
to the well.
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BOP
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
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BOP
Types
Pipe Rams
Designed to centralize
and pack-off around
one specific size of drill
pipe or casing.
Available in different
sizes
One set will provide
back-up for two
different pipe rams.
Have limited hang-off
capacity therefore
depends upon tool joint
size and ram range.
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BOP
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
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BOP
Hanging Rams
Pipe rams with enhanced load bearing capacities used for
floating operations.
Hardening of bearing area
Blind/shear rams
Used to cut pipe and seal as blind rams.
Drilling Eng inee ring-We ll Contro l
Offset rams
Available for dual completions
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Control Systems
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Control Systems
Drilling Eng inee ring-We ll Contro l
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Control Systems
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
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Battery packs
Where electric panels are used, a battery pack is required
Manual closing
Extension arms and wheels should be considered for ram
preventers.
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Central Manifold
Located away from the rig floor area.
All hydraulic, air-hydraulic or electro-hydraulic
Required features are
Regulator to reduce accumulator pressure to operating
pressure for ram preventers ,annular preventers and
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
valves.
Control handles or switches
Pressure gauges
By pass valves
Vent line for bleeding off accumulator fluid
Relief valve for pumps
Flow meters.
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Control Systems-Accumulators
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Associated equipment
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Trip tank
Used to fill hole during
trips, measure mud
volumes or water into
annulus when
circulation is lost or
logging etc.
Types
Gravity feed
Pump type
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poor-boy separator.
Simple design and does not
require control valves on
either discharge lines
Pressurised
Operates with moderate back
pressure generally 50 psi or
less.
Overcomes line pressure
losses due to excessive
lengths of vent lines
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Used to close in well on the drill pipe bore and to protect surface
equipment.
Placed on surface and may be either manual shut-off or automatic check
valve type.
Rated at same pressures as BOP & tested at same frequency.
Types
Kelly Valves
Upper kelly valve closes on drill string when kelly is down through rotary
table and cannot be lifted.
Lower kelly valve allows closing- in on drill string and removing kelly if
required
Drilling Eng inee ring-We ll Contro l
Float valves
Prevents back flow during connections and flow up drill string in the event
of a kick.
Drop-in valves
Held on surface & dropped down to a special landing sub.
Allows pipe to be stripped to bottom and preventing further circulation
Inside BOP
Surface installed checked valve to close drill string bore.
Available on rig floor as back up and installed above drill pipe safety valve
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
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Well shut in after the kick has occurred with appropriate shut in
procedures followed.
Advantages
Minimum circulation
Minimum idle time
Minimum well information required
Disadvantages
High annular pressure if kick contains gas
Maximum time with well under pressure
Maximum time spent controlling choke
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Advantages
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
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Advantages
Minimum idle time
Control starts immediately
Continuous and smooth adjustment of mud density
Disadvantages
Slightly more complex calculations
Maximum time spent circulating under pressure.
2005 Abalt Solutions Limited. All rights reserved
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X X X
Gas Pressure
Displace Small Kill Fluid Bled Off at
Amount of Settles Surface
Kill Kill Fluid To Bottom (Process
Fluid Into Well. Gas Gas Repeated)
Drilling Eng inee ring-We ll Contro l
Gas
Compressed
Kill
Fluid
Kill
Fluid
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Bullheading
Injection of mud into the closed annulus to force
invading fluids back into formation.
Used in cleaning up well bore after a drill stem test in
cased holes.
Only used in kick control when no other method is
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
possible.
Disadvantage is that there is a high risk of failure of
casing shoe and creation of fissures to surface behind
casing.
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Safety
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Mechanical Barriers
Closeable Barriers:
BOP Rams
Xmas Trees Valves
SSV
Annular preventers
Closed Barriers:
Wireline stuffing box
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
Additional Barriers:
Wireline Plugs
Cement Plugs
Overbalanced hydrostatic fluid
Bridge Plugs
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Hydrostatic Barriers
Seawater
Fresh Water
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BLOW OUT
Types
External Blowout: It is an Uncontrolled flow of influx to
the wellbore and through to the surface.
Internal Blowout or Underground Blowout: It is an
uncontrolled flow of influx to wellbore and entry into a
weak zone
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BLOW OUT
Drilling Engineering -Well Control
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