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repeat rate=1.1
generated if blood flowing in a
vessel with radius 0.9 cm cuts a
N0
=10 log
C B
x
[
N fb ]
magnetic field of 250 G. Assume a
[ ]
12
10 W 120 kHz
volume flow rate of 175 cubic cm 10 log x
1.2 x 10 W 60 kbps
14
ANS: 1.1% per second.
SOLN:
PROBLEM: If a heart measures QB
E= ANS: 22.2 dB
12.5 cm from side to side at its 50 a
widest point, and its image on
chest radiograph measures 14.7 ( 175 cc . s ) (250 G) PROBLEM: A signal at the input
E= to a mu-law compressor is positive
cm, what is the magnification 50 (0.9 cm)
factor? with its voltage one-half the
E=309 uV maximum value. What proportion
SOLN:
of the maximum output voltage is
object
image produced?
ANS: 309 uV SOLN:
MF=
uVin
14.7 cm ln (1+ )
MF= PROBLEM: Given the energy Vmax
12.5 cm v =Vmax
level of 6.624x10-18 J imparted to ln(1+u)
an electron stream by an X-ray
MF=1.18
device, calculate the frequency in ( 255 ) (0.5 Vmax)
ln (1+ )
MHz Vmax
Vmax
SOLN: ln(1+255)
ANS: 1.18
E
f= v =0.876 Vmax
h
PROBLEM: A radiographic
single-phase unit installed in a 6.624 x 1018 J
private office has a maximum f= 34 ANS: 0.876Vmax
6.624 x 10 J s
capacity of 100 milliseconds of
120kVp and 500mA. What is the f = 1010 MHz PROBLEM: A network with
power rating? bandwidth of 10 Mbps can pass
only an average of 12000 frames
per minute with each frame
carrying an average of 10000 bits.
ANS: 20s
R=10.4
10 x 30
6(10+30)
PROBLEM: Determine the
What is the throughput of this R = 11.6m
Hamming distance for the
network?
codewords ( 10101, 11001)
SOLN: ANS: 11.6m
SOLN:
12 000 x 10 000
T h roug h put= 10101 XOR 11001 = 01100
60 PROBLEM: Determine the
(presence of two 1)
wavelength of a 4 GHz signal.
T h roug h put= 2 Mbps
ANS: two SOLN:
c
=
ANS: 2 Mbps f
ANS: 0.075m
PROBLEM: A computer monitor
PROBLEM: A telephone has a resolution of 1200 by 1000 PROBLEM: The channel capacity
subscriber line must have an pixels. If each pixel uses 1024 of a 5 kHz bandwidth binary
SNRdB above 40. What is the colors, how many bits are needed system is ____ bits/s. Assuming
minimum number of bits? to send the complete contents of a no noise.
SOLN: screen? SOLN:
SNRdB = 6.02nb + 1.76 = 40 SOLN:
n = 6.35 1,200 x 1000 pixels x 10 bits ANS: 10,000
= 12 Mb
ANS: 6.35 1024 colors requires 10 bits 210 PROBLEM: Determine the peak
= 1024 frequency deviation for a binary
PROBLEM: An IPv4 has an FSK signal with a mark frequency
address space of how many? ANS: 12 Megabits of 49 kHz, space frequency of 51
SOLN: kHz and an input bit rate of 2kbps.
232 = 4294967296 PROBLEM: A line of sight radio SOLN:
ANS: 4294967296
link operating at a frequency of
6GHz has a separation of 40km
f= | |
f mf s
2
between antennas. An obstacle in
PROBLEM: A multiplexer
combines four 100-kbps channels
the path is located 10km form the
transmitting antenna. By how
f= |49 kHz51
2
kHz
|
using a time slot of 2 bits, much must the beam clear the
obstacle? f =1 kHz
determine the frame duration.
SOLN: SOLN:
The link carries 50,000 frames/sec
The frame duration = 1/50,000
R=10.4
d1d 2
f (d 1+ d 2)
ANS: 1 kHz
d 200
200 c
m
200 3 x108
s
5.5 m
H 1=17.32
d1 d2
fD
ANS: 638 mW
f 11 x109
s H 1=17.32
22.5 ( 22.5 )
11 ( 45 ) PROBLEM: An isolator has a
forward loss of 0.7 dB and a return
ANS: 5.5 m H 1=17.52 m loss of 26 dB. A source provides 1
W to the isolator, and the load is
H 1=10.51 m
PROBLEM: What is the phase resistive with an SWR of 3. How
velocity of a rectangular much power returns to the
waveguide with a wall separation source?
ANS: 10.51 m
of 3 cm and a desired frequency SOLN:
of operation of 6 GHz? 1W
PROBLEM: How far from the Pout 851.14 mW
SOLN: 0.7
transmitter could a signal be anti
log
m 10
3 x 108 received if the transmitting and
1
SW R
c s 0 .5
f c= = =5 GHz receiving antennas where 40 m
2 a 2 ( 0.03 m) 1
SW R
and 20 m, respectively, above
PLOAD Pout 1 2 638.35 mW
c level terrain?
v p= Preflected Pout 2 212.78 mW
SOLN:
2
f
( )
1 c
f d= 17 ht + 17 ht Preturned
212.78 mW
antilog
26
534.49 W
10
m d= 17 ( 40 )+ 17 ( 20 )
3 x 108
s
v p= d=44.5 km
2
5GHz c ANS: 5.43 x 108 m/s
1 (
6 GHz )
ANS: 44.5 km
m 8
v p =5.43 x 10 PROBLEM: The moon orbits the
s
PROBLEM: An isolator has a earth with a period of
forward loss of 0.7 dB and a return approximately 28 days. How far
loss of 26 dB. A source provides 1 away is it? Assume circular orbit.
ANS: 5.43 x 108 m/s
W to the isolator, and the load is SOLN:
C 2 R PROBLEM: Find the velocity of a C 266.4 x10 6 m
T= = T 24hrs
v v satellite in a circular orbit 500 km v 3.07x10 3 m /s
above the earths surface.
2 R 2 R T = 1440 minutes
v= = SOLN:
T 28 days
4 x1011
v ANS: 1440 mins
(w h ere R=d km + 6400) d 6400
PROBLEM: Calculate the length
Formula :
2 R 4 x 1011 m of the path to a geostationary
v= = satellite from an earth station
28 days ( d km +6400 ) s where
: where the angle of elevation is
d km =384,000 km v = velocity in meters per second 30. (earths radius = 6400 km,
d = distance above earths surface height of satellite above earth is
in km 36 X 103 km)
ANS: 384 Mm 4 x1011 SOLN:
v
(500 6400)
PROBLEM: What is the length of = 7.6 km/s
the path to a geostationary Formula :
satellite from an Earth stationif the ANS: 7.6 km/s d (r h) 2 (r cos ) 2 r sin
angle of elevation is 300?
SOLN: PROBLEM: Find the orbital d = distance to the satellite in km
( r+ h ) ( r cos ) r sin r = radius of the earth in km (6400
2 2
period of a satellite in a circular
orbit 36,000 km above the earths km)
2 0 2
surface
( 6400+ 36000 ) ( 6400 cos 30 ) 6400 sin 30 if the earths radius is
0
h = height of satellite above
6400 km. equator ( 36 x 103 km)
39000 km SOLN: = angle of elevation to satellite
C at antenna site
v d= (6400+36 103 )2(6400cos 30)2
ANS: 39000 km Formula :
PROBLEM: Determine the worst- PROBLEM: Two products, X and Activit Time Immediate
case output S/N for a broadcast Y, both require processing time on y (days) Predecessors
FM program that has a maximum A 5 -
machines I and II. Machine I has
intelligence frequency of 5 kHz. B 6 -
The input S/N is 2 200 hours available, and machine
II has 400 hours available. Product C 3 A
SOLN:
X requires one hour on machine I D 8 A
= x fi
and four hours on machine II. E 2 B,C
= 0.5 x 5 kHz = 2.5 kHz
Product Y requires one hour on F 11 B,C
75 kHz /2.5 kHz = 30
machine I and one hour on G 1 D
machine II. Each unit of product X H 12 E,D
ANS: 30
yields PhP 10 profit and each units What is the completion time of the
of Y yields PhP 5 profit. What is whole project?.
PROBLEM: A 50 ohms the Linear Programming Model for SOLN:
transmission line is connected to a
30 ohm resistive load. Calculate
this problem.
11
83
SOLN:
01B62C313
EF51H625
the reflection coefficient.
Let X = number of units of product
A 24G1
SOLN: X to be produced. 5 D
5 81311
Ref Coeff = (30 50)/(30 + 50)
Ref Coeff = 0.25
Y = number of units of product Y 2
to be produced.
Max Profit = PhP 10X +PhP 5Y
ANS: 0.25 Subject to:
X + Y 200: ANS: 25 days
PROBLEM: Items purchased from Capacity of Machine I
a vendor cost Php 20 each, and 4X + Y 400: PROBLEM: Here are the monthly
the forecast for next years Capacity of Machine II data for the past 8 months. From
demand is 1,000 units. If it costs X , Y 0: these data, what are the forecasts
Php 5 every time an order is Nonnegativity Constraints for the following 4 months using
placed for more units and the linear regression?
storage cost is Php 4 per unit per ANS:
year, what quantity should be Max Profit = PhP 10X +PhP 5Y Period Actual
order each time? Subject to: 1 300
SOLN: X + Y 200 2 540
3 885 ANS: 0.781 in mean radius is 220 mm? The
4 580 density of the steel is 7.85
5 416 PROBLEM: A hole is to be Mg/m^3.
6 760 punched out of plate having a SOLN:
7 1191 shearing strength of 40 ksi. The = (1/0.22)(150x10^6 /
8 760 compressive stress in the punch is 7850)^(1/2) = 628 rad/s
limited to 50 ksi. If the plate is 0.25
inches thick, determine the ANS: 628 rad/s
diameter of the smallest hole that
can be punched.
SOLN:
y = a + bx PROBLEM: A pipe carry steam at
SOLN:
Where 3.5 MPa has an outside diameter
D = 4(0.25)(40) / 50 = 0.800 of 450 mm and a wall thickness of
y = the dependent variable
inches 10 mm. A gasket is inserted
a = the intercept
between the flange at one end of
b = the slope of the line
ANS: 0.800 in the pipe and a flat plate use to cap
x = the independent variable the end. How many 40-mm-
a y - bx PROBLEM: A large pipe, called a diameter bolts must be used to
penstock in hydraulic work, is 1.5 hold the cap on if the allowable
b
xy n x y m in diameter. It is composed of stress in the bolts is 80 MPa, of
wooden staves bound together by which 55 MPa is the initial stress?
x nx
2 2
P
ANS: 12,000psi
A
SOLN:
31.91kNkN
CO P53,000 P1,500 P54,500 PROBLEM: A common bar
[125mm 8mm 25mm 8mm]
C L P5,000 suspended from certain support
39.89MPa
P54,500 P5,000 has axial load of 10kN. If the bar
d P3,668 has a cross section of 20mm2, find
F / A,6.5%,10
the stress experience by the bar.
ANS: 40MPa
ANS: P3.,668
PROBLEM: A cylinder pressure
PROBLEM: A plant bought a SOLN: vessel is fabricated from plates
machine for P200,000 and used it 10,000 N which have a thickness of 20mm.
500MPa
for 10 years, the life span of the 20 x10 6 m 2 The diameter of the pressure
equipment. What is the book value vessel is 450 mm and its length is
of the machine after 5 years of ANS: 500MPa 3.5m. Determine the maximum
use? Assume a scrap value of internal pressure which can be
applied if the stress in the steel is
PL TL 14k (12)(3 x12) 180
limited to 150MPa. AE (5) 4 x
P ( 2m) JG 32
12 x10 6
0.8 10 3 m
AE
0.47
0.95 103
SOLN: P(3)
ANS: 0.47
D
(40mm) 300G [(52mm) 2 (40mm) 2 ]150G
2
t 4 4
2t
P 160.57 kN
(450mm) PROBLEM: What is the minimum
150 MPa
2(25mm)
ANS: 161kN diameter of a solid steel shaft that
16.67 MPa
will not twist through more than 4
ANS: 16.67MPa in a 6m length when subjected to
PROBLEM: A steel rod 3.5m long
a torque of 13kN-m? What max
is secured between two walls. If
shearing stress is developed?
PROBLEM: The wall thickness of the load on the rod is zero at
G=85 GPa
a 3ft-diameter spherical tank is 30C, compute the stress when
4/17 in. Calculate the allowable the temperature drops to -30C.
internal pressure if the stress is The cross sectional area of the rod
limited to 9000 psi. is 1200mm2, =11.7um/(mC), SOLN:
and E=200GPa. TL
JG
13k (6)
SOLN: 4 x
SOLN: 180 (d )4
85 x10 9
pD 32
LT d 107.57 mm
4t
p( 4 12in ) PL
9000 ANS: 107.6mm
4( 4 / 17in ) AE
p 176.47 psi PL
LT PROBLEM: Determine the
AE
ANS: 176.47psi elongation in a helical steel spring
composed of 20 turns of 20-mm
T
PROBLEM: A steel bar 40mm in E diameter wire on a mean radius of
diameter and 3m long is TE (11.7 )(30 30)( 200G ) 90 mm when the spring is
surrounded by a shell of cast iron 140.4 MPa supporting a load of 2.5kN. Use
6mm thick. Compute the load that G=83 GPa.
ANS: 140MPa
will compress the combined bar a
total of 0.95 mm in the length of
2m. For steel E=300GPa, and for PROBLEM: A steel shaft 3ft long SOLN:
cast iron, E=150GPa. that has a diameter of 5in is
64(2.5k )(90mm) 3 (20)
subjected to a torque of 14kip-ft. 175mm
Determine the maximum shearing 83GPa(20mm) 4
stress. G=12x106 psi.
SOLN: ANS: 175mm
SOLN:
PROBLEM: A carnot heat engine temperature of the person are 1.2 dimensions are (5x6x7) cm at 105
receives 500KJ of heat per cycle m2 and 33C, respectively, and the kPa and 27C.
from a high-temperature source at convection heat transfer
600 C and rejects heat a low coefficient is 6 W/m2.=0.95 and
temperature sink at 40C. =5.67x10-8 W/m4-K4 SOLN:
Determine the thermal efficiency
R ' gas constant
of this Carnot engine.
R' air 0.287 m3 kPa
/ kg K
SOLN:
PV
Qconvection hA(Ts T f ) m
SOLN: R' T
W 105kPa(5 x6 x7m 3 )
=5 (1.2m 2 )(33 22)C m
TL (40 273) K m 2 C 0.287 m3 kPa (27 273K )
1 1 = 66W / kg K
TH (600 273) K
m 256.1g
Qradiation (Ts4 Tsurr
4
)
0.6415(64.15%) W
= 0.95(5.67 x10 8 ) ANS: 256.1 g
m K44
29.92
2
13.73
ANS: 2.25atm
E=
2u
o
=
2(1.00)
o
0.081x 273K 1 x 233K 2
PROBLEM: How many moles of
E=0.475 MV/m (a)
lb O2 O2
2 0.044 3 are present in 44.8L of
ft
at STP? ANS: E=0.475 MV/m
ANS: 0.044
SOLN: PROBLEM: Material a is a water
PROBLEM: A laboratory At STP, 1 mole will occupy 22.4L and material b is a glass with
experiment was performed to index of refraction 1.52. If the
determine the percent by mass of ANS: 2.0moles incident ray makes an angle of 60o
water in a hydrate. The accepted with the normal, find the
value is 36.0% water whose direction of the reflected ray.
observed value has an error of PROBLEM: Suppose that energy
5.00%. Find the percent by mass Q is required to accelerate a car
of water. from rest to v, neglecting friction. SOLN:
How much added energy would be
SOLN: required to increase the speed
36% * 1.05 =37.8% from v to 2v?
According to law of reflection, v a+ v b (5 kg)(9.75 m/sec 2)(100 m)
vr = =4875 J
r =a o v v (1kgm/ Nsec 2)
, hence if a=60 then 1+ a 2 b
c
r =60o mg 5(9.75)
F g= = =48.75 N
0.900 c+ 0.700 c k 1
vr = =0. 982 c
r =60 o ( 0.9 ) ( 0.7 ) c 2
ANS: 1+ ANS: 48.75 N, 4875 J
c2
SOLN:
SOLN: PROBLEM: The force of 600 N is
mg z
P= the resultant of the forces F1 and
Using the equation of Lorentz k
velocity transformation, we have: 240 N acting as shown in the
figure. Which of the following gives
the value of F1.
ANS: 509.1146 N SOLN:
102 = 2a(25), a = 2 m/s2
SOLN: PROBLEM: From the speed of Fx = max, 280 600 =
F1X + 240(5/13) = 600 (4/5), F1X = 100 kph, a car decelerates at the (600/9.8)2, = 0.2626
387.6923 N rate of 15 m/min/sec along a
F1Y 240(12/13) = 600(3/5), F1Y = straight road. Which of the
ANS: 0.2626
581.5385 N following gives the distance
travelled at the end of 40 sec.
F12 = (387.6923)2 + (581.5385)2, F1 PROBLEM: The normal
= 698.9223 N acceleration of a particle on the
= tan-1(581.5385/387.6923) = rim of a pulley 10 ft in diameter is
56.310 SOLN: constant at 1200 fps2. Which of
ANS: 698.9223 N, 56.310 with V0 = 100kph x 1000 /3600 = the following gives the speed of
respect to the horizontal 27.7778 m/s the pulley in rpm.
a = -15/60 mps2 = -0.25 mps2
PROBLEM: The coefficient of s = 27.7778(40) + 0.5(-0.25)(40)2
friction between the rope and fixed = 911.112 m SOLN:
post is 0.30. The rope is wrapped an = v2/r, 1200 = v2/5, v =
only once around the post. Which ANS: 911.112 m 77.4597 fps
of the following gives the minimum
v = r, 77.4597 = 5, =
tension in the rope at pt A PROBLEM: The velocity of a 15.4919 rad/sec*60/2 =
particle moving along the x axis is 147.9371 rpm
defined by v = x4 + 2x3 3x2 where
SOLN: v is in m/s and x is in m. Which of ANS: 147.9371
300/T = e0.4, T = 138.6873 N the following gives the velocity
when x = 2m.
PROBLEM: A 350 N block is
ANS: 138.6873 N resting on a plane inclined at 300
with the horizontal is subjected to
PROBLEM: The resultant of the SOLN: a constant force of 400 N acting
concurrent forces has a v = 24 + 2(2)3 3(2)2 = 20 m/s parallel to the inclined plane. After
magnitude of 1200 N and acts the block has moved 3 m from
through the origin and points x = ANS: 20 m/s rest, the 400 N force was
3m, y = 4m, z = 5m. Which of the removed. Coefficient of friction is
following gives the x component of 0.2. Which of the following gives
PROBLEM: The block shown
the resultant force the distance that the block will
reaches a velocity of 10 m/s in 25
move further along the inclined
m starting from rest. Which of the
plane until it stop.
following gives the coefficient of
SOLN: kinetic friction between the block
d2 = 32 + 42 -52, d = 7.0711 m and the ground.
Fx = 1200(3)/7.0711 = 509.1146 N SOLN:
WE equation: Fs = 0.5m(v2 v02)
400(3) -0.2(350sin 30)(3+x)- Maximum
(350sin 30)(3+x) = 0.5 (350/9.8)(0- PROBLEM: For a class B amplifier 2cc
2(30 V )
2
2V
0) providing a 20-V peak to a 16- Pi ( dc ) = =
RL (16)
X = 2.714 m load (speaker) and a power supply
ANS: 2.714m of Vcc = 30 V, determine the Pi ( dc ) =35.81W
Maximum
circuit efficiency.
PROBLEM: The force system
consist of a clockwise couple of ANS: 35.81W
600 N-m plus a 300 N force SOLN:
directed to the right through the SOLUTION ( IF PROBLEM
origin of x & y axes at x = 300. If -SOLVING) PROBLEM: For a class B amplifier
the system is replaced by an V L ( p) 20 V using a supply of Vcc = 30 V and
equivalent single force, which of I L ( p )= = =1.25 A driving a load of 16, determine
RL 16
the following is its x and y the transistor dissipation
intercept. 2 2
I DC = I L ( p )= ( 1.25 A )=0.796 A
SOLN:
Pi ( dc ) =V CC I dc =( 30 V ) ( 0.796 A )=23.9 W
SOLN: m a ximum P2 Q
Maximum P o=
sin 30 = 2/x, x = 4m left of origin 20 V
2 2
tan 30 = y/x, y = 2.3094m above
2
the origin
ANS: 4 m left and 2.3094 below Po ( ac )=
V 2L
2 RL
=
Po=0.5
( )
2V
2
RL
cc
the origin
ANS: 5.7W
SOLN: 1 145 u
1+
ANS: 5 Hz VD =(4000)(10u) ( 100 10 u
2.41 I dc
r= 100
CV dc )
PROBLEM: For an op-amp having
VD = 40 m (1.145) = 45.8 mV
2.4 ( 50 ) a slew rate of SR = 2V/s, what is
r= 100 the maximum closed loop voltage
100 ( 27.9 )
gain that can be used when the ANS: 45.8mV
r=4.3 input signal varies by 0.5 V in 10
s? PROBLEM: If an amplifier with
gain of -1000 and feedback of =-
ANS: 4.3% 0.1 has a gain change of 20% due
SOLN: to temperature; calculate the
PROBLEM: Calculate the input change in gain of the feedback
bias currents at the non-inverting amplifier
and inverting terminal respectively
10k, what is the maximum PROBLEM: Determine the thermal
SOLN: allowable series resistance? voltage of a diode at 27C
(common temperatures for
| | | || |
dA f
Af
1 dA
A A
components in an enclosed
operating system)
SOLN:
| ||
dA f
Af
= | 1
0.1 (1000 ) (20%) R= ( 2212 1) 140 =117
SOLN:
| |
dA f
Af = 0.2% ANS: 117
Vt =kT/q
Vt =(1.38x10-23J/K)
(273+17)/1.6x10-19C
PROBLEM: A zener regulator has Vt = 26mV
ANS: 0.2% an input voltage ranging from 15
to 20V and a load current ranging ANS: 26mV
PROBLEM: A transistor has a from 5 to 20mA. If the zener
collector current of 10mA and a voltage is 6.8V, what is the
PROBLEM: What is the knee
base current of 40uA. What is the maximum allowable series
voltage of a silicon diode at 75C?
current gain of the transistor? resistance?
SOLN:
SOLN: SOLN:
(75-25)C*2.5mV/C = 0.125V
=10mA/40uA=50 R= ( 156.8
20 mA )
=410
New Vknee = 0.7-0.125 = 0.575V
ANS: 50
ANS: 410
ANS: 0.58V
PROBLEM: A 2N3904 has VCE =
PROBLEM: A 2N5668 has VGS(off)=-
10V and IC = 20mA. What is the
4V and IDSS=5mA. What are the PROBLEM: At 20C, the reverse
power dissipation?
gate voltage and drain current at saturation current of a silicon
the half cutoff point? diode is 10nA, what is its value
when the temperature increases to
SOLN: 100C?
PD=10V(20mA)=200mW SOLN:
4 V
VGS= =2V
ANS: 200mW 2 SOLN:
100 C / 20C = 5
5 mA
PROBLEM: A zener regulator has ID= =1.25 mA
4
an input voltage that may vary New Ireverse = 25(10nA)= 0.32uA
from 22 to 30V. If the regulated
output voltage is 12V and the load ANS: -2V; 1.25mA ANS: 0.32uA
resistance varies from 140 to
PROBLEM: A silicon diode is in =hc/Eg =(6.626x10-34Js*3x108m/s)
series with 1k resistor and a ANS: 9.21mA,0.79V /(1.43eV*1.6x10-19J/eV)
forward biasing voltage supply of = 869nm
10V. If rd is 10, what is the PROBLEM: What is the
anode to cathode current and wavelength of the light produced ANS: 869nm
voltage? by an LED with an energy gap
level of 1.43 eV? PROBLEM:
SOLN:
SOLN:
IF=(10-0.7)/(10+1k)=9.21mA SOLN:
VF=0.7+10(9.21mA=0.79V
ANS: