ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.04,Issue.33,
August-2015,
Pages:6698-6701
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Ship Hull Structure Analysis in ANSYS

Y. LAKSHMI PRASANNA1, DR. AMAR NAGESWARA RAO2
1
PG Scholar, Dept of MECH, NIMRA Group of Colleges, Jupudi, Vijayawada, AP, India.
2
Associate Professor, Dept of MECH, NIMRA Group of Colleges, Jupudi, Vijayawada, AP, India.

Abstract: The ship, during operation experiences complex loading conditions, which is generally divided into few categories:
Linear Static and Dynamic Loads, Thermal Loads and Complex Non-Linear Dynamic Loads. Generally the loading on the ship is
a combination of some or all of the load categories mentioned above, depending on the type of the ship. This is dedicated to
Modal and Static Analysis. Static Analysis is usually done to find the overall strength of the structure. For this, different load
conditions etc. are also considered. In the domain of Modal Analysis and Static Analysis is done for ship shell to check the
stability of its structure. In this different mode shapes at natural frequencies and at different load conditions the ship structure
deformations and stresses are evaluated.

Keywords: Thermal Loads, Linear Static and Dynamic Loads, Static Analysis, Mechanical Design, Structural Analysis.

I. INTRODUCTION the effect of bending, shear, and axial and torsional

Provision of adequate strength in a ship at a reasonable
cost, has always been one of the most challenging task for the
ship designers. Over the years the classification societies
have been providing the necessary standards to ensure the
adequacy of strength against all demands that can be
envisaged during service life of the ship. Earlier, these
formulations were largely based on experience of good ships
and the scantling requirements were given in simple tabular
forms based on few basic parameters like main particulars of
the ship. Subsequently, from around 1970, there was
significant change in the class rule formulations, wherein the
requirements were specified by various formulae for
environmental loads and allowable stresses based on simple
principles of structural mechanics. Though these
formulations were more scientific, the designer did not
explicitly know the safety margins in the formulation and
inherent assumptions made, so it was difficult to use such
formulations for a novel design. In the last two decades there
has been a rapid development in the fields of hydrodynamics
and structural analysis. The advanced methods developed
now provide a better understanding of environmental loads
(Demand) and strength of ship (Capacity). As these methods
became more and more mature, providing reliable tools for
structural optimization, it was only logical that they were
incorporated in the classification rules for s Ships and its
components are generally assessed for Strength and Vibration
under normal operation and Strength assessment under
critical loading condition like collision or underwater
explosion etc. Assessment of strength is now a days based on
Direct Strength Analysis which eliminates any error in
judgment, which may arise out of several assumptions that
otherwise have to be made regarding the interaction between
several structural members. The method takes into account
deformations all together. Thus it is very useful for larger
Ships with complex structural arrangements and large variety
of cargo / ballast loading conditions.
A. About Ship Hull
Hull is known as the foundation of the ship. It withstands
extremely harsh climatic and weather conditions. Hull should
be designed in such a way that it is not affected by the
different forces that acts on it while the ship is sailing. In this
article we will have a look at different hull designs. The hull
is one part of the ship that requires extra concern during
design and construction. In the history of naval architecture,
hull designs have evolved over a period of time, from
cylindrical wooden shanks to steel columns. Engineers have
been continuously innovating hull designs to provide greater
structural strength. As hull is continuously in contact with
water, it is under the effect of different types of forces acting
at the same time. Not only that, a hull requires high durability
and resistance to prevent structural damage in case of
collision or grounding. When considering the load features
where the load is transmitted gradually and continuously
from a local structural member to an adjacent bigger
supporting member, the best way to categorize loads on the
hull structure is as follows:
Longitudinal strength loads
Transverse strength loads
Local strength loads
1. Sagging, due to a wave with length equal to the ship's
length, and peaks at the bow and stern and a trough
amidships.
2. Hogging, due to a wave with length equal to the ship's
length, and a peak amidships (right at the middle of the
length) as shown in Fig.1.

Copyright @ 2015 IJSETR. All rights reserved.

 Y. LAKSHMI PRASANNA, DR. AMAR NAGESWARA RAO
Fig.1. Sagging & Hogging of hull due to loading.
II. MODELING OF CONVEYOR BELT DRUM
The sketch shows the principal dimensions of the cargo
ship as shown in Fig.2. The length can be overall length
(LOA) and length between the perpendiculars (LOP). The
depth (D) is measured from keel to the upper continuous
deck. The draft (d) is measured from keel to the water line of
loaded ship. The beam (W) is the width of the ship as shown
in Fig.3. The front of the ship is the bows, the rear part is
stern.
LOA = 4 ft
LBP=436. ft
W=62ft
D=38ft
d=28ft
Fig.2. principal dimensions of the cargo ship.
(a)
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.04, IssueNo.33, August-2015, Pages: 6698--6701
(b)
Fig.3. (a) & (b) Pro-E model of Ship hull.
III. ANALYSIS
ANSYS is general-purpose finite element analysis (FEA)
software package. Finite Element Analysis is a numerical
method of deconstructing a complex system into very small
pieces(of user-designated size) called elements. The software
Implements equations that govern the behavior of these
elements and solves them all; creating a comprehensive
explanation of how the system acts as a whole. These results
then can be presented in tabulated or graphical forms.
A. Modal Analysis
A modal analysis is typically used to determine the
vibration characteristics (natural frequencies and mode
shapes) of a structure or a machine component while it is
being designed. It can also serve as a starting point for
another, more detailed, dynamic analysis, such as a harmonic
response or full transient dynamic analysis. Modal analyses,
while being one of the most basic dynamic analysis types
available in ANSYS, can also be more computationally time
consuming than a typical static analysis. A reduced solver,
utilizing automatically or manually selected master degrees
of freedom is used to drastically reduce the problem size and
solution time.
B. Static Analysis
Used to determine displacements, stresses, etc. under static
loading conditions. ANSYS can compute both linear and
nonlinear static analyses. Nonlinearities can include
plasticity, stress stiffening, large deflection, large strain,
hyper elasticity, contact surfaces, and creep.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results of this paper is as shown in Figs.4 and 5.
A. Modal Analysis
Mode Shapes:
(a)
 Ship Hull Structure Analysis in ANSYS

(b)
(c)

(c)
Fig.4. (a) Mode 1 (b) Mode 2 (c) Mode 3.
(d)
B. Structural Analysis

(a) (e)

(f)
Fig.5. (a) Mode 1 (b) Mode 2 (c) Mode 3. (d) Mode 4 (e)
(b)
Mode 5 (f) Mode 6.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.04, IssueNo.33, August-2015, Pages: 6698-6701
 Y. LAKSHMI PRASANNA, DR. AMAR NAGESWARA RAO
TABLE I: Results of Modal Analysis [11]Ultimate Strength of Ship Hulls Under Combined
Vertical, Horizontal Bending and Shearing Forces, By J. K.
Paik, A. K. Thayamballi, J. S. Che, Presentation at SNAME
transactions vol.104 1996.

TABLE II: Results of Structural Analysis

V. CONCLUSION
In this study the ship hull structure different mode shapes
at natural frequencies are analyzed with modal analysis.
Different stress parameters like equivalent stress, normal
stress, principal stress, shear stress, total deformation and life
of ship hull structures are analyzed in structural analysis by
using Pro-E and Ansys15 soft wares. The present data can
provide useful design parameters for the improvement of
designs and helpful for architects designing ship structures.
Advance methods developed in the field of hydrodynamics
and structural analyses have become more reliable and faster.
Thus it is now possible to routinely investigate many issues
connected with both demand and capacity directly for each
specific ship. The application of varied types of loads and
boundary condition is also simple. Automation of process,
with the use of ANSYS workbench has helped in increasing
the scope of such investigation to a large number of operating
conditions explicitly at the design stage so that the ships are
more fit for purpose than ever before.

VI. REFERENCES
[1]Vibration analysis and Structural system by Prof. M.
Mukhopadhyay Dept. of OENA IIT Kharagpur.
[2]Hydro elasticity of ships by R E D Bishop and W G
Price.
[3]Development unit note no. 30 examples of ship vibration
analysis by Lloyds Register of shipping.
[4]PRO-E & ANSYS 15.0 Manuals.
[5]Vorus, William S., Principles of Naval Architecture,
Chapter 7 vibration, Published by, The Society of Naval
Architects and Marine Engineers, 1988.
[6]Vibration Control in Ships, Published by Veritec, Hovik
Norway, 1985.
[7]IACS - Common Structural rules for Bulk Carriers 2006.
[8]Ultimate Limit State Design of Ships Hulls, By J. K. Paik,
Ge. Wang, B. J. Kim, A. K. Thayamballi.
[9]Guidance for Ultimate Hull Girder Strength Assessment,
By Korean Register of Shipping Sept. 2003.
[10]Estimation of Ultimate Longitudinal Bending Moment of
Ships and Box Girder, By M. K. Rahman and M.Chowdhury,
Journal of Ship Research vol. 40 No.3 Sept. 1996.
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.04, IssueNo.33, August-2015, Pages: 6698--6701