Heat & Thermo Review questions from Sterling book

1. A student heats 90 g of water using 50 W of power, with 100% efficiency. How

long does it take to raise the temp of the water from 10 oC to 30 oC? (use specific
heat of water c = 4.186 J/g Co)

a) 232 s b) 81 s c) 59 s d) 151 s

2. Phase changes occur as temperature:

I. decreases II. Increases III. Remains the same

a) I only b) II only c) III only d) I and II only

3. A Carnot engine operating between a reservoir of liquid mercury at its melting

point and a colder reservoir extracts 18 J of heat from the mercury and does 5 J of
work during each cycle. What is the temp of the colder reservoir? (Use melting temp
of mercury = 233 K)

a) 168 K b) 66 K c) 57 K d) 82 K

4. A 6.5 g meteor hits Earth at a speed of 300 m/s. If the meteors kinetic energy is
entirely converted to heat, by how much does its temp rise? (Use specific heat of
the meteor = 120 cal/kgCo and conversion of 1 cal = 4,186 J)

a) 134 oC b) 68 oC c) 120 oC d) 90 oC

5. When 0.75 kg water at 0 oC freezes, what is the change in entropy of the water?
(Use latent heat of fusion of water Lf = 33,400 J/kg)

a) -92 J/K b) -18 J/K c) 44 J/K d) 80 J/K

6. When a liquid evaporates, what change occurs in the substance?

a) heat energy dissipates b) heat energy enters c) temp increases d) temp

decreases

7. A flask of liquid nitrogen is at a temp of -243 oC. If the nitrogen is heated until the
avg energy of the particles is doubles, what is the new temp?

a) 356 oC b) -356 oC c) -213 o

C d) 134 oC

8. The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is known as

a) radiation b) inversion c) conduction d) convection

9. The process whereby heat flows by the bulk movement of matter is known as

a) radiation b) inversion c) conduction d) convection

10. When a gas expands adiabatically

a) it does no work b) work is done on the gas c) internal (thermal) energy of

the gas decreases

d) the internal (thermal) energy of the gas increases

SOLUTIONS

1. answer: D

Q = mcT and Q/t = Power, so Pt = mcT thus t = mcT/P

t = (90 g)(4.186 J/g Co)(20 Co)/(50 W) = 151 s

2. answer: C Phase change occurs at constant temp.

3. answer: A

efficiency = W/QH = (5 J)/(18 J) = 0.28 = 28%

Carnot efficiency = (TH - TC)/TH = 0.28

Solve for TC . TC = 168 K

4. answer: D

Q = K = mv2 = 292.5 J = 69.9 cal

Q = mcT so T = mc/Q = (0.0065 kg)(120 cal/kg Co) = 89.6 Co 90 Co

5. answer: A

Entropy S = Q/T

Note: Q is removed from the water, so entropy of the water decreases (wherever
the heat is going will have an increase in entropy)

S = Q added /T = - Q removed /T = -mLf/T = -(0.75 kg)(33,400 J/kg)/(273 K) = -92 J/K

6. answer: B

7. answer: C

Temperature in Kelvin is proportional to avg Kinetic Energy of particles

T = -243 oC = 30 K

2T = 60 K = -213 oC

8. answer: C

9. answer: D

10. answer: C

Q = W + U

If adiabatic, Q = 0, therefore 0 = W + U

If the gas expands it is doing work, at the expense of lowering its internal energy.
Work done is positive, so change in internal energy U must be negative.