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The list starts per every meaning with the most probable native PIE labels, which are then followed by the isolate forms (orphans); Loans are in[Square brackets]; translations with deviant meaning in brackets. : Cancelled by Ringe in screened list; G =Gap, not
securely attested.
Sys
Sw Meaning Co PIE ref. (*omitted) Source Assessmt. Rus Lit oIs Bkm oIr rIr Itn Lat Alb aGr rGr Arm Hit ToB Ave San Hnd
d
wi-wo all
09 all (of a no.) 01 P1175 +WE / vsa- - - vipa- viva
<(h1)wi /wo
-distr.: all
,wo-
09 no,
allmostly
(of a no.)
whole
02 P24,979 allir alle uile uile (ultra) ( ) (salu) (haurva) (srva)
only Grm!)
09 all (of a no.) 03 P1080 Orphan tutti (totus)
09 all (of a no.) 04 P780 Orphan omns (sab)
09 all (of a no.) 05 L544 Orphan gjith
P592-3 meaning shift; ( ),
09 all (of a no.) 06 po(nc)
(auch Adams) ToB debated -
09 all (of a no.) 07 not (P120-) Orphan bolor
09 all (of a no.) 08 All sources loan(?) [ h mant]
09 all (of a no.) 09 NOT < sarva! Orphan sr
s (d/g(h))- <
83 ash(es) 10 h(h,)s-+g(h) P68,9 +W+E aska aske (aiun?) h ss- sa
glow, ashes
(
ken-2.-nis ashes < P559-2.
83 ash(es) 11 ceneri cinis dust,
kh,en- scrape (~P917 ?) ashes)
el- glnzen, helle -
83 ash(es) 12 P430 ? Orphan
Farben, glhen
P802;St899;ew
83 ash(es) 13 polh- Orphan () pelenai
S;Bi
lou(H)- < lewh2,3- Branch
83 ash(es) 14 P692 (687 ?) laith laith
waschen orphans
83 ash(es) 15 s) kkih-n shine? P917 ? PAlb. skkino- hi(ri)
83 ash(es) 16 d eg - L133,P240-1 Orphan
stag t drop
83 ash(es) 17 L592; 1010-1 ? Orphan
(nose)?
w Staro P971;
h
83 ash(es) 18 s)meuk - smoke Mrt. no entry; Orphan moxir
ewy nEty
d ou(hx)-ro; Adams96:311; AB
taur
83 ash(es) 19a or L<Turk. t or Orphan
(L?)
dust? Bla11:App.1?
ter- Feuer,
83 ash(es) 19b (P69) Orphan triim
schwarz
(raks )
83 ash(es) 19c MhII-423 Orphan (bhsman) rkh
damage
s)ker-(t) cut off, W
27 bark (of tree) 20 P938-4. ?amb. (-Lu) kora corteccia cortex
rind
27 bark 21 (e)I burst Frae ~ (P355) iev
b er-h- bergen
27 bark 22 P145 Gmc barkuz borkr bark
>Gefe?
L<Britannic Branch
27 bark 23 Lucht [rsc] [rsc]
orphans
lub o- P681-.2 >P690;
27 bark 24 Orphan (SHr,R lub) (loba?) lvozhg
< leu-b .eh-2 M/A
1 (100-words, Swadesh 1971=final)
Branch
27 bark 25 bhleu- P158
orphans
27 bark 26 L <Syriac ewy Orphan [keev]
27 bark 27 Gap All sources G
temh-, Adams, not in B
27 bark 28 hntm(h)- cut in
(L625;P1062)
hapax l enmetre
> enm-+e-+tre
27 bark 29 Gap All sources G
27 bark 29a uolko- bark only Vedic P1139f orphan valk
27 bark 29b s)kel- schneiden P923-1 - (scorza) (challi ) chl
belly
49 (abdomen, 30 udero-, udra P1104 +W+E ?ventre venter udar- udra-
not stomach)
49 belly 31 bhreu-s1 P171; La W only br
49 belly 32 pll H-u full <pel-1 (P799) Orphan pilvas
B
49 belly 33 g et- Rundung P48, Bla Orphan kvir ktso
<
49 belly 34 b (e)w-g P100 W only buk (? pancia )
(pantex)
h
49 belly 35 b ol-o bellows P125 Orphan (belgr) bolg
bharekw
49 belly 36 Ho(P110) Orphan barku
vollgestopft
gres/gras ver-
49 belly 37 P404,L192 Orphan
schlingen
49 belly 38 ew hohl P593 Orphan
49 belly 39a L < Georgian? Mrt- Orphan [por]
49 belly 39b L < ? unattested All sources Orphan [sar h uwant]
(s)keu-2
49 belly 39c Lub:(P953) Orphan (kuks ) kuks i
bedecken ?
gwey-to- < gihwo-
49 Belly 39d
Leben
(P467-9) polysemous ()
(abdomen
49 belly 39e ab-do-men (Lat) irrelevant in medicine (a) (addome)
)
big (large, cf me-(e)h-
13 40 P708 +W+E - mor mr magnus madhe me (mk(a) maz-a mah- nt
many, long) <ml gk h -h-m
13 big 41 bel- stark P96-2 orphan
13 big 42 no PIE ety L <? Frae93: not P,; orphan [ddelis]
13 big 43 s t e h -E12 P1008 PGmc s t r a- (stras) strr stor
13 big 44 gwrend - P485 grande
L <Akkallannu?
(solidus,
13 big 45 Or, (P979 ?) orphan ( ?) [salli] (?)
salvus)
solHi; or both !!
B
13 big 46 uru-(e)H-tyo- M/A; Bla orphan orotstse
13 big 47 wer-2+dh Mh: P1167 - (vad ra-) bar
bird awei- <h()wi- (vido ( suwai- vaii, vs , vy,
20 50 P86 +W+E uccello avis (hav)
(cf fly) bird Taube) Adler) (hapax)? v v-
ptr- wing, ewS
Lu
20 bird 51 feather <peth-r/n L479,P825 +W+E en an ()
t un
-2 t fly
Branch
20 bird 52 peh3u- klein P843 pauktis
orphans
plew-k t fly Branch
20 bird 53 (?L488), P837 fugl ? fugl ?
dissimiltd orphans
20 bird 54 g - P409 orphan zogu
h,er-en (gr)
20 bird 55 P325,6 orphan
Vogel, Adler
20 bird 56 L <Lat pullus? ewy no So orphan () []
No cogn known; L
20 bird 57 Klo 987 hapax wattei
<?
salamo flying; L [s alamo
20 bird 58 Adams orphan
<? luwo]
peg- Achsel,
20 bird 59 P792 +W+E (paks in) paks
wing(ed)
( (erelis (irar
20 bird 59a Not applicable not used meaning (oror) (ras)
Adler) Adler) eagle)
bite (v) [cf de(n) - bite, tear,
56 60 L117,P201 only E tsk-B ? (jAv:das) da m s
eat] press
Branch
56 bite (v) 61 kenH-d P560(559); L- ()ksti
orphans
bheid- spalten, Branch
56 bite (v) 62 P116 bita bite
beien orphans
kneh (nur i
56 bite (v) 63 P559 orphan (cnad?)
ZusSetzgn)
(s)ker(c)- cut? or
P938 ? bin
56 bite (v) 64 Oir benaid +ghredh orphan
P456 grim
?
Branch
56 bite (v) 65 hmerd- L280 mordere mordre
orphans
[kafshoj]
56 bite (v) 66 L< Lat captiare Holm 2011 orphan
L
56 bite (v) 67 No ety given; L < ? (Mrt -;ews -) orphan [kel]
56 bite (v) 68 uu eh 2g/ (?) L664?,P1110 orphan wk- I ([kpar])
56 bite (v) 69 (s)ker-t P941 orphan (khd >) kat
black(col)
91 70 krrs-n o- black P583 +W+E, amb (oPr:kirsna k rls n
[amb]
n)
91 black 71 no resultL <? Frae197, fehlt P orphan [jodas]
svart
91 black 72 s(w)er-3, dhem P1052 orphan svartr
(sort)
91 black 73 dheu-bh P264-1 orphan dub dubh
nk ts-??
91 black(col) 74 not (P762) orphan nero (niger) -
(Watkins)
91 black 75 ht(e)r- Feuer P69 orphan ter (tar-)
91 black 76 guuhHi-d PK488;Ho orphan zi
91 black(col) 77 mel- P720 orphan (Lv:melns) - (melin)
mau-ro- faded,
91 black 78
dark
P701 orphan
ei-ro-2 Pok: L P540-1
91 black(col) 79a Loan (ciar) [se(a)v] - (syva ) ym
<Ira
dhngw-(e)i-
91 black 79b P247f orphan t/dankui I
dunkel (!)
erg-ont <h1g B
91 black 78c (P857) orphan erkent
dark
ei-2 > ye-mo
91 black 79c P540-1 primary sm/a ym
black
91 black 79d kl- spots,white P547? orphan [kl]
30 blood n 80 es-rr-o <hsh-ro P343 +W+E (Lv: asins) (aser) ( ) aryun s har- B
ysr sr j -
Lat in
P1044; waits
unsourced sangue sanguis
30 blood 81 s( uu )ek o-s for deVaan gjak -
enwy to (?) (?)
2016-06
above
kreu-< krewh Branch
30 blood 82 P621 kreu-1 - krauja-s
(ewS) orphans
bhleu- flow?
30 blood 83 (P158f Gmc bl blod
uncertain
Branch
30 blood 84 wel- P1144-8A fuil fuil
orphans
sei-/soi- trpfeln, ) Branch
30 blood 85 (P889)
+m orphans
P1172 vermutl vohu-
30 blood 86 wes-3 feucht, nass Skjaervo kA
orphan [xn]
tt/n
reh- schdigen
30 blood 87 (P864,875) orphan rakt
>aufs Blut ?
bone (oppos.
31 90 ost-i- <hstH- P783 +W+E (asna) (asil) osso os(su) (asht-) (hwik) (v)oskor h asti AB
y ast- sthi (asthi)
to flesh)
(
31 bone 91 kost- P616 orphan (costa)
)?
31 bone 92 kost-; here L <Sla P616 orphan [kock]
31 bone 93 kaw( )l- P537; starling orphan kula-s
bhei(H)- Branch
31 bone 94 P117 bein [ben]
schlagen/hit orphans
knh2-mi t gnaw off Branch
31 bone 95 P559f cnim cnmh
[?] orphans
No serious ety.
31 bone 96 hst(h)?? orphan had d
SV unreliable
breasts p-
(seldom:
51 (fem, Ri. 100 ps(t)n-o tit(s) P990 meaning? (aPr: spenis) (speni) (sine) ( sene) (sinus) ()
st(h)in)
mA/can ftna stna stan
womans) eB
breasts (fem) grandh-/-e
51 101 (grend-) P485 orphan
schwellen
breasts (fem) krt- convex,
51 102 P624 orphan krtis
belly
(St:B
bhrew-d,s- Branch ( bruinne
51 breasts (fem) 103 P169,170 (brjcho) - brjst [bryst] pratsko:? (bst)
schwellen orphans )
)
breasts (fem) kkeHk-4 (n Branch
51 104 P522 cch coch
Pedersen) orphans
breasts (fem) childs word Branch mammell mamma
51 105 -
<mother orphans a e
51 breasts (fem) 106 L<Cel (?) Holm orphan [gji]L
breasts (fem) mad fat, glossy Branch
51 107 P694
orphans
breasts (fem) kor- hngen? P
51 108 Mrt (P573) orphan kurk ( uras) (cht)
uncertain
109 dheh-ilo saugen, P241f (or <
51 breasts (fem) a doikner (ttan )
sugen Klo875 above??)
109 Branch
51 breasts (fem) b peg- breast(s) P792 ([ucht]) ([ucht]) (pectus) (petto) -
orphans
burn (i. not
dhegwh-, dg-/ti
84 maintainable 110 L133,P240 +W+E (Lu~) e{tr} (foveo) djeg (tsk {vt}) daaiti dh-ati
verbrennen[!] (deg-inti)
)
84 burn wer(H)-12 P1166-12 Alternate with va-im/
111 (vrit) (vrda) u(w)ar-nu
(ver)brennen) (L689!) 4? vel
84 burn Alternate with
112 gwher-t,nu ( hot) P493 (gari ?) (fornus) (er)
3?
84 burn 1gwher-t,nu (
1 P493; or Alternate with
113 hot) brenna brenne
2 Kroo 3?
2brewh (?)
84 burn le-heidh-12
114 L259,P652/11-12 orphan las-aid? - (slp) (indh)
entznden {t/i}
84 burn (,
Var of dhegwh?
115 dehw- L104+,P179f (dd) di-gh ) (aw-/) dunti
cf warm, hot!
{t/i}
84 burn as-/azd- brennen, Branch
116 P68 loiscid? ardere rde
glhen orphans
84 burn kehw-
Branch
117 anznden, L345-1;P595
verbrennen orphans
84 burn 118 ter- P69 not primary ayr-vel
84 burn 119 beleg- leuchten
a
L86,P124-5 orphan plk-etr (saok)
84 12
burn 119 heidh-
b L259,P11-12 orphan - (slp) (indh) jaln
entznden {t/i}
84 St:
burn 119 (bruciare, r (by-
c hews- t burn L245,P347f orphan (ethe) () s (ati)
tr) {t?} vre)
cloud (not
nbh-(eleh/es)-, ()(
80 smoke, 120 P315f-2 +W+E, -Lu!] (nebo-) debess nl (neal) (nebula) amp (nepis-) CG
(arm) (abhr)
(h)mb(h)-(ro-) )
fume)
mighl- mainly
80 cloud 121 P712 () maa mgh
fog
80 cloud 123 el-6 t drift +ek ? proposal: P306 orphan o
s)k(')ew-
80 cloud 124 P951 Gmc skeuja- sk sk
bedecken
s)kep-?-
80 cloud 125 (P930) orphan scamall
bedecken
Branch
80 cloud 126 sneudh-2 fog P978-2 nuvola nbs () - (snaoa) -
orphans
h3reiH
u -wirbeln,
80 cloud 126 Ho (<L305) orphan re-ja
flieen +n
80 cloud 127 ( albho wei?) P30 ? (cf lat albus) alpa ?
dherg- > dg-r-u orphan B
80 cloud 128 P252;Adams tarkr
Trbes
werd- orphan
80 cloud 129 SV (P1167) bdal
emporsteigen
el-1 cutting warm (-
94 cold 130 P551-1 W+E ltas (hla) sarta ira
or cold eiskalt)
g/el()-3, w
P365-3 (
94 cold 131 metathesis :algh- +W(+E) kaldr kald (gelidus)
P32 )
<helgh-
kreu-
stockendes P621-2; B
94 cold 132 E only curt kroce
eh1,3(u)ero cf.P597
northern wind
ou-(g)?- <huh- (Lv:
94 cold 133 P783 +W+E? ar fuar (oic) (aota)
dhr- auksts)
srg- <s)rehig- Branch
94 cold 134 1004 freddo frigidus
Klte orphans
Branch
94 cold 135 tep warm Ho: L629-1 ftoht
orphans
94 cold 136 bhes to blow Beekes;P146? orphan
94 cold 137 ei-s-2 <hei-s- ice P503,301-2 orphan (nja) (ia)? ek-una- (isu)
PDra tan - cold,
94 cold 138 Ho/DraSt orphan (pa) [t had ]
grace
come vi [cf gwe-m- t come, (LIV: B
66 140 L209,P463 +W+E (-Lu) koma komme - - venire veni gal =ek-n km- () am- ()gam - (?)
walk, go] go !)
orphan
66 come 141 sed- L514, P887
142 heiu - gehen L232, P293-6 orphan (pri-jti) =at-eiti (w)e
hne- reach, go Branch (oPr:
66 come 143 L232,P293,316 do-icc =tag-aim
away orphans peri-)
66 come 144 L<Lat venre Holm Alb orphan [vij] L
her-(h)- komm-, Branch
66 come 145 L238,P326f (ri-)
gehen orphans
Ri:
66 come 146 hne- erreichen L282-2,P316-8 orphan asaiti, n
ati
mer- t die, +W+E, -
61 die vi 150 L439,P735 mir-ti morire mori- () menel (mer-t)?[L] -/- miriiite mr/mar- mar
disappear meang
dhew- dwindle
61 die 151 P260 orphan deya [d]
die
gw- come,go?
L203,P470,1 at-baill
61 die 152 gwel- <gelh- orphan
(P463)
Tod,
gwadh-? (above +-
61 die 153 P465 orphan (b id) faigh bs
d)!
61 die 154 dhguuheiu - L150 orphan vdes (-)
hinschwinden,
sterben
Branch
61 die 155 dhenh1- run off L144,P249
orphans
61 die 156 ?he/H L232/4/5? orphan k(k)-
B
stre-wg- Ad sruk-
61 die 157 orphan
erschpft (L605,P1029)
welh- schlagen,
61 die 158 L679,P1144-5 -meaning () (walahzi)? ( A wl-)
or perish?
UR
21 dog n 160 w-(n) P632,MBr +W+E uo hundr hund c - cane canis un ku sp v -
(kuwan-?)
L <Scyth. <Trk
21 dog 161 (ewy) orphan []
kpek
L <Fr. mtin <Lat.
mansuetus Lu,
21 dog 162 orphan [madra]
(medieval fr.wiktionary
Wanderwort)
21 dog 163 L <Lat canis Holm orphan >[qen]L
s)keu- >pej
21 dog 164 abgezogene P951 orphan -
Tierhaut
21 dog 165 L <Prakrit? SV orphan - [kutt ]L
(pait
54 drink vt 170 p(i) <peh(i)-(lo) L462,P839 +W+E Lu! pi-t ibid l(aim) bere bib- p (mpem) {fadj}) p pn
54 drink 171 eg <heg L231 P23 (brius) egu = yok-
gwerh3- orphan
54 drink 172 L211, P474-5 grti
verschlingen (cf Alb eat),
dhre- ziehen/t Branch
54 drink 173 P273 drekka drikke
draw (a drink) orphans
54 drink 174 L<? VP-,ewy-,fwy- orphan [xmel]
54 drink 175 swel-?2 swallow L609, P1045 Ave only xvar(aiti)
s)(a)us- <hsus- (sdus) (
99 dry (adj) 180 P880 <P68-9 +W+E sausas that ht-ant sar huka s ka skh
burn >dry (ridus) )
trrs-u,to scorched, (oLa
99 dry 181 P1078 -meaning urr trr tr(im) tirim (ter) (tar-ant) (taru-) -
thirsty torrus)
99 dry 182 se-ro P625 E only or -
99 dry 183 seik- ausgieen P893 secco siccus -
u-/-/u-s-
39 ear (anat) 190 P785 Lu+W+E auss eyra [re] (u) orecchio auris vesh akan (ui) [?]
<h(e)w-s-
lew-s-t,verbAbstr Branch
39 ear 191 P605 clas cluas klautsoB
orphans
stomen <sth-mn Kloekh411
39 ear 192 if not orphan istman
Mund (P1035)
39 ear 193 ghous- t hear P454 orphan gao-
(s)ker-3 drehen, Branch
39 ear 194 P935-8 ff ? krn a kn
biegen orphans
earth (soil!
dhhom- (P:
79 opp.to sand, 200 P414, MBr +W+E () (eme) ithir humus dhe tkan kem z(m) ks m
stone; thus not he/om-)
globe, territory)
79 earth 201 bud- P174 orphan !
79 earth 202 dr(H)-u- P209,Derksen orphan dirva
Branch
79 earth 203 mel-dh P716-7 mold
orphan
79 earth 204 er-t/w- < her-t- P332-4 HS -D ? (jr) [jord] ()
79 earth 205 tel(H/u) flat P1061 orphan talam (talam?)
swol-3 Sohle,
79 earth 206 P1046 orphan suolo (solum)
Unterstes
wedn-
79 earth 207 (P1115-1) orphan () (getin?) (utn)
scrambled?
79 earth 208 pelH-,pl- flat P805 orphan ho
79 earth 209 dher-> dharitr- P252-2 orphan dhart
209
79 earth a not applicable irrelevant (semanics) (terra) (terra)
eat v, ed- < h1d- (ed-
55 210 L230,P287 +W+E - (e du) eta suppl)
ed ute-l d- aiti d-
[cf tooth] [Rasm o-h1d--]
55 eat 211 welg-? L676 ? P1145 orphan vlg-yti
55 eat 212 mLat>mnd>dan K/S; B/V orphan [spise]L
55 eat 213 pei(H)-(tu)? P793,Lucht orphan ith(id-) ith
L<OFre mangier [mangiar
55 eat 214 Cor922 orphan
<Latmanus ducere e]
guuerh3-
55 eat 215 verschlingen/to L211 orphan h-ngra
swallow
treh3g/-
55 eat 216
zernagen
L647;P1073 orphan ()
d-p- < dehp
55 eat 217
zerteilen?
L104, P175-6 orphan tpp
55 eat 218 khd not PIE P634 orphan khn
55 eat 219 not applicable irrelevant (meaning) [yuvte]?
55 eat
219 a()- <heh- t L261, P18 (meaning) (ja) (as-)
a finish up
(w)ym- <
egg [cf (hagey)
33 220 ehwyom (Lub P783 +W+E egg egg og ubh uovo vum vez- u BH:
am
seed!]
huiom [?])
33 egg 221 s)keu- einhllen P953 orphan kiaunis
33 egg 222 Gap All sources G
33 egg 223 Gap All sources G
Branch
33 egg 224 L <Mong ? Ho - na Ri,St na [d ] [n d ]
orphans
okw- <h(e)kw-
L297, P775; (oko akn A
40 eye 230 sehen, Auge; red +W+E alt)
aks auga [ye] occhio oculus syri ek ks i kh
P638 (ak)
kwh erscheinen
here: gel-g little rosc?
40 eye 231 P358 orphan
ball (Pok)
Branch
40 eye 232 s wel- <shwel- P881 sil sil
orphans
AGre -+ ()
40 eye 233 (P776) orphan
>
sekw-2
L525,P897-2;
40 eye 234 notice,follow (s- too seldom kuwa (sotre)
K by lenition
mobile-form?)
kwe- sehen,
40 eye 235 L383, P638 ! orphan - aman (cks us )
erblicken
feather petur
pet-(e)r1,2 < peth- (pttra, cf
36 (large, not 240 P824-6 1,2 amb fjr fjr ( penna) penna (?) pattar leaf)
>for flying?
down) [amb]
s)por-no-wing,
36 feather 241 P817-2B >P850 +W+E, (-Lu!) paruwaB parnm par-
feather
here: pleuk flock, plnksn
36 feather 242
feather
P838 orphan
a
36 feather 243 L < Lat plma- Lucht orphan [clm]
36 feather 244 L<? Lucht orphan [cleite]
pleu- flieen (cf
(P836)
36 feather 245 pleus- orphan piuma < (pluma)
(P838)
Flaumfeder)
L <Lat penna
36 feather 246 Holm orphan [pend]L
feather, wing
pH3g Schulter,
36 feather 247 Lub, P792 orphan pkh
Flgel
peuur- < ph-wr-
82 fire 250 P828 +W+E (oPr: panno) (frr) (U.m pir) hur pahhur pwar
{n inanim}
82 fire 251 e/ognis < P293 WE{animatu ugnis ignis agn g
h()ngwi- /Hnngis m}
(animatum)
Branch
82 fire 252 ai-dh burn ? P12 eldr [ild]
orphans
Branch
82 fire 253 tep-n-os Lucht: P1069 teine tine
orphans
bo- Flamme,
82 fire 254 P162 uncertain fuoco (boc)
<rot?
(air
82 fire 255 guher- warm P493 orphan zjarr
gorn)
bh- shine >AGre
82 fire 256
>
(P104-5) orphan (krak)
82 fire 257 t(e)r- <eht(e)r- P69 orphan (vtra) (hyrr) tar
h- <dhhuH- [cf
19 fish n 260 P416 +W+E uvs juk-n (suwais)?
uga dagu]
19 fish 261 p(e)isk- [?] P796 [only W] fiskr fisk asc iasc pesce piscis
19 fish 262 rHi striped? P859 ? Slav only
L <pisce <Lat >[peshk]
19 fish 263 Holm orphan
piscis L
19 fish 264 relish L98,P145,280 orphan
19 fish 265 L < ? (Hapax) Klo 635 typical Loan [parhu] L
B
19 fish 266 la-so P653 orphan laks
mad- triefen,
19 fish 267 P694-5 Indo-Iranian masya mtsya > machl
Mstung
mmso-
flesh (1955 <m(e)h1mso
29 270 P725 +W+E; ms mshi mis msa mms ms
meat, =Ri.)* animal flesh as
food ?
29 flesh 271
krewh- blood, P621-1 ambiguos
bloody meat
29 flesh 272 s)kel- cut P925-1 orphan hold
29 flesh 273 L < Dan BV Gmc ketw [kjtt]L
wen-tli-
Branch
29 flesh 274 schlagen,verwund P1108 feil feoil
orphan
en'
Branch
29 flesh 275 s)ker- schneiden P938 carne car
orphan
29 flesh 276 Gap All sources - G
29 flesh 277 Gap All sources - G
-
29 flesh 278 (s)kwhxtis M/A T63 idiosyncratic! - (dialects)
(false
29 flesh 279 not applicable na (vivum) (gav)
meanings)
L479-2+,
64 fly v 280 pet- fly (up), fall +W+E eitil t- pattai patn ti pt-ati
P825-2
pleu-(k) rinnen, fo-
64 fly 281 P835 fljga fly plu(s) (plvat )
schweben luathar
leh1- ~pet ~lek-
64 fly 282 P666 + 673 orphan - (lekti)
contam
s)rei-d
64 fly 283 P937(L562) orphan skr(a)id-
biegen,springen
gelh-ie/o ..., throw dV688;ewy-; Branch
64 fly 284 volare < volo
(?) (L208) orphan
L < Rmc fluctulre [flutroj]
64 fly 285 Holm orphan
< Lat flucture L
64 fly 286 Skt ud d ayate SV,ewy orphan (St -) ur n
pe/od- < p d-s, B
46 foot 290 P790 +W+E pda ftr fot piede ps (v)ot-k pat- paiyye pad pd pair
p d-s
seldom
46 foot 291 step- step P1013 distinguished (tat)
()
fr leg
46 foot 292 kokks- hip P611 branch orphan (s)cos cos
[kmb]
46 foot 293 L <Lat camba Holm orphan
L
plr h-n-s full, t
95 full 300 P798-D +W+E plnas fullr full ln ln pieno plnus plot li-k prn prn prn a
fill
pref+mad-
95 full 301 (P694) orphan
> full ?
95 full 302 souh/-(o)u-? P1037 (?) orphan su(w)u
Adams no clear
95 full 303 L<? orphan [s lyas s]e
ety.
Lu
(Aor da-
+W+ give 310 d- <deh- ~ L105,P226 () do(s)ti dare d ta-l/m ws- daditi d-dti den
sh)
E
geb- fassen,
70 give 311 L193;P407-9 gefa gi
geben
Branch
70 give 312 do +bher carry P223+128 do-beir tabhair
orphans
h1ep- to grasp,
70 give 313 L237 caus h1op-ie-
u (j)ap
reach
au- < haiu - (?); or Kas:Ety
70 give 314 L229; Kas p-ai (ai-/yu)?
to above? unclear
good e)suH- <hesu-s P1037,
97 320 (so-, su-L) (so-) u- ( k-suA)?? (va)hu (v-)su
[cf big] good, complete P342,
gerH-4 >grlHtos-
97 good 321 (L210) P478 questionable gras kartseB
't welcome, praise'
L <Skyth, cf Oss (P445?)Vasmer [
97 good 322 -meaning (hu-bara) (bhadr)
orz 'good ? ]
ghedh- fit, grown Branch
97 good 323 P423 gr god
up orphans
Branch
97 good 324 ma-ti- <meh2- P693 maith maith
orphans
Branch
97 good 325 deu-2 verehren P218 buono < bonus
orphans
meiH-
97 good 326 lieblich/mild or P711 ? undecided mir [L?]
L < Lat mru(s)?
kal-i/u-2 schn,
97 good 327
gesund >hom
P524 orphan
h
lab - fassen >
97 good 328 P652 orphan lav (bari)
Beute > gut
329 wesu- < hwe-su- W+E, with
97 good a P1174 (f) (vsu)
good, {w-infix} su
329
97 good b No ety; L < Drav.? P-;SV-;ewy- orphan [acch]
329
97 good c bhd- lucky & o P106 -meaning (hu-bara) (bhadr)
grease n
p-(mo,wo,tu) +W+E [fett] (pingue
32 (anat! 1955 330 P793f f(e)ita th adj)
(pingue) (-) pvah p vas
milk-fat -marked? <Swe
fat=Ri)
32 grease, fat 331 unknown/ Sla orphan
tehw-k- >teu-ko- P1081
32 grease, fat 332
Fett
Bal-Sla taukas
(Derksen)
32 grease, fat 333 salted bacon Lu orphan saill
L < Gre
32 grease, fat 334 P- Branch loans [adip|e] [adeps]
>adeipar ??
Branch
32 grease, fat 335 d-mu fluid P175 - dhjam
orphans
1
32 grease, fat 336 leip- P670- orphan
L < Per.
32 grease, fat 337 Mrt-;ewy- orphan [ a rp]
( charbi)?
* sg(h)-n-s; or ceremonial
32 grease, fat 338 Klo805 oil, fat [sakan] L
rather L <? word?
339 slp(es)- Butter,
32 grease, fat a P901,M/A97 -marked! - (gjalp) - s alyp(e) (sarps)
l
32 grease, fat 339 L < Per. Mrt-;ewy- orphan [carb]
b
( charbi)?
339 s)meru- t smear, (devt
32 grease, fat c P966,970 (smetana) - ()
fat (ewS) meaning)
339 (devt
32 grease, fat d not applicable irrelevant (riebelai)
meaning)
339 (false
32 grease, fat e not applicable irrelevant (bealadh)
meaning)
339 (false
32 grease, fat f not applicable irrelevant (ramhar)
meaning)
339 (devt
32 grease, fat g not applicable irrelevant ( grasso)
meaning)
339 L <unknown
32 grease, fat h Klo;Kas n decidable (app-uzi)
source
339 mad-t ~ masd t (devt
32 grease, fat i irrelevant - [talka] (t)?
fatten and s meaning)
339 (false
32 grease, fat j ma(s)d-t t fatten P694 ~L422 (m das)
meaning)
green [amb! hel(h)i-yellowis eli/ Mh
88 340 P429 +W+E glas glass zairi hrita har
cf. yellow] h? lia-
ghreH-n Branch
88 green 341 P440 grnn grnn
grow(ing) orphans
Branch
88 green 342 weis-1 sprieen P1133 verde viridis
orphans
L <Lat galbinus or [gjelbr]
88 green 343 Holm Loan
gilvus
'Lauch'
88 green 344 >AGre P8 4 6 Orphan
'lauchgrn'
L<? ewS, Mrt n ety [kana]
88 green 345 Loan?
?
88 green 346 L <N-Cauc? Kass35 Loan? [hhhall-]
L < ? no [motartst
88 green 347 enw-; Adams Loan?
convincing se]
37 hair 350 wol-to wool, hair P1139 -marked? folt (folt) varsa bl
pleuk- Flocke,
37 hair 351 P837 Orphan pluka-s (pula)?
Haar
37 hair 352 e r( s) P5 8 3- 1 Gmc hr hr
gher- drehen, gruaig(ul
37 hair 353 Lucht: ? P389 Orphan
winden )
pi-lo filt ~pu-lo
37 hair 354 P830 Orphan pelo (pilus) (pula)?
stiff hair
(capelli of
37 hair 355 caput-pilus P830 Orphan head)
capill|i
L <MLat cyma or
37 hair 356 Holm Loan [qime]L
Gre
h h h
d ri-g /k - Haar,
37 hair 357
Borste
P276 Orphan
mel-4 >
37 hair 358
mehr (Haare)?
(P720) Orphan
L < MPer mwd (ewyFarsi);
37 hair 359 cf. Toch. (Lav mati) [maz]
hair Mrt-
359 L<? Klo392;Kas36:i
37 hair a prob Loan [tetana-] L
so.
359 cf. MPer mwd (ewyFarsi);ewS B
37 hair b Orphan (Lav mati) matsi
hair -;Ad~
359 (caesarie
37 hair c kai /s hair, comb P520 Orphan (kuA) (gaia) ka- (ke)
s)
359 (devt
37 hair d not applicable irrelevant (gaona-)
meaning)
(hand only
48 hand 360 hes-rl P447 - - dor dse-k/n kessar (t)sar zasta hsta hth
E)
48 hand 361 wer-k-3F- winden, P1155 Bal-Sla = ranka
gekrmmt
hinan- reach
incomplete! Thus Kro; Branch
48 hand 362
<Substr <Uralic ket
hnd [hnd]
Schri, Holm orphans
hand
Branch
48 hand 364 plH-m
n P805 lm lmh (kar)
orphans
meHr, mHns2, Branch [marr
48 hand 363 dV: P740-1, dV363 ? mano manus ()
mon-u- orphans take]
rs- < rn( )h(s-)
(cerebrum [sar]
38 head(anat) 370 head, upper part, P574 only E )
(krye t s) sarah- ras
(Per>L)
horn
(kap la
38 head 371 kap-ut/elo- P529f W form,(Lu?) hfu hode caput Hirnschal
e)
38 head 372 ghebh-elo (ewS) P423 E form ( A pl )
38 head 373 gal-1 >ghlu-ko-? P340-1; 350? questionable golov galva (calva) glux
pGoid Branch
38 head 374 L<? [cenn] [ceann]
k(w)enno-m orphans
te -ta >testa
38 head 375 Schale, Scherbe P1058 testa
>Hirnschale
L <Vlat coccum
38 head 376 Holm (anatomical) [kok]L
berry
38 head 377 hers-r Gipfel [P326-9?] cf Nussbaum! harar
h2esteh-s/n
38 head 378 Adams; ewy- Orphan [B ce]?
bone?
ro-
surunaoit
58 hear (v) 380 lew-(s) hren L334f,P605-1 Lu +W+E sluat cluine- cluin (inclutus) ( !) lse-l B
klyaus- rrn ti sunn
i
thar
58 hear 381 s)keu-1 P587 heyra hre
g(w)erdh- hren,
58 hear 382
tnen
L1 8 7 ,P4 7 8 orphan girdti
au-8 <hweys- Branch
58 hear 383 L288;P78 udire audio
hren orphans
58 hear 384 L < Lat intelligere Holm orphan [dgjoj]L
meaning
58 hear 385 sth-mn (P 1035) istamass (gu)
change
52 heart 390 rd- P579 +W+E serdce irds hjarta hjerte cride croi cuore cor sirt kard zraiia- hrrd-
52 heart 391 guuhen- t beat L218;Holm Verbalnomen zemr
52 heart 392 h2eh2(e)ri- (??) Adams arance
52 heart 393 L <Per. del id SV =ewy Loan [dil]
horn (anim.) B
34 400 er-(eu-) P574 (Lu~) +W+E horn horn corno corn karwar krorya sr
ga s g
[cf head]
34 horn 401 here : re/g-? (P854) Bal-Sla rog = rgas
L < ? (Basque Branch [adharc]
34 horn 402 Lu [adarc]L
adar?) orphan L
34 horn 403 bhren-to- antlers P168 > Holm bri-ri
34 horn 404 unknoen: L < ? [eewr]
hot (vs. cold; gwher-(mo) warm,
93 1952: warm) 410 hot (<wer- P493 <P479? Lu +W+E arkij (varmr) (fornus??) nxeht (erm) garma (gharma) [garm]
[amb] glow)
93 hot 411 tep- hot (warm) P1069 meaning? (topl) t te (tepidus) (tpaiti ) (tap)
93 hot 412 here: ker-3 burn P572 orphan kartas
Branch
93 hot 413 kehy-t- heat 519 heitr [het]
orphans
Branch
93 hot 414 el-1 2 warm P551 caldo calidus
orphans
h1ews- >eus- orphan
93 hot 415 L245,P347
burn
2 Georg/Vovin 2014, in rev. of Greenberg.
93 hot 416 uncertain ewy orphan tak
ai- < hay-? be
93 hot 417 L229,P11,68 Hit only! a(i)-ant
warm
hnn -ml-(y)o-;
n cf.
Adams not Icl word
Icel. molla '(be)
93 hot 418 conv.; without ety. [B emalle]
hot'?? or
Mal- not sufft.
L<?
93 hot 419 h1)ews- to burn P347 orphan us n -
I (PrsPrn e(h)o(m)- <he(h)-
01 420 P291 +W+E ja ek jeg io ego un(?) (j)es uk nB (?) azm ahm
1Sg) o(m)
01 I (PPr) 421 m (obl) P702 m m mai
kill v (cf gwhen- beat, (kill (-
62 430 L218,P491 Lu (+W)+E - - ( gon-) (njem) kuen- - jainti hn-ti
die!) (Ri-L only E) )
(L439,440),P73 (marbaid
62 kill 431 mer(h)- die, kill maraigh (mark- ) mran
5 )
(interfici
62 kill 432 here: bhiH- P117 Orphan -
o)
eu-d-
62 kill 433 P448?, L- orphan udyti
umkommen?
d r e b- st o e n, Branch
62 kill 434
tr e ffen (?)
L15 3, P2 7 2-3 drepa drepe
orphans
Orphan (ehar-,
per(g)?, P819; L-;
62 kill 435 orcaid harkanem
(or h3erg- ?) P473; L 301
)
kheyd- Orphan
(occdere
62 kill 436 schlagen >ob- (L360),P917 uccidere
)
caedo-
62 kill 437 ne- t perish (?) P762;M/A98 meaning?? necare (nks )
62 kill 438 L <SSlav ~u-rasiti Holm (P1181) Loan [vras]L
439
62 kill a ten- beat L645;P626 fehlt meaning??
439 L < unknown ewy-; Mrt no
62 kill b Loan? [span-el]
origin entry!
2
439 k/u <kehw- Orphan kau-
62 kill L345,P535
c schlag-, spalt- (s m)B
439
62 kill d
(to murder) irrelevant Orphan (umti)
knee B
47 440 nu-/nu- P380 +W+E kn kne gln glin ginocchio gen gjuri / cunk genu keni n-m j nu
(bodypt)
here: (s)kel-1
47 knee 441 P928 klis
to bow
L <San.
47 knee 442 SV454 Loan [ghut n]
<Dravidian
know (facts) weyd- t behold, t a fhios gite-m
59 450 L665,P1125 (Lu-!) +W+E (vediti) (veidmi) vita vite ro-fitir (vid-) vaa,vid vda
notice (abstract?) ag find
(,
(e)n/- <ne(i)h3 (conoscer (xn
59 know 451 L168,P376 meaning inti (g)nsc (njoh) (cancay) kaness (kn(n)A (jn ) jn-
recognize, know? e) recogn))
)
sehp- orphan
59 know 452 L519;P880 sapere
wahrnehmen
sekH- <skh- L524;P895-6; orphan
59 know 453 scio (skk-)
i-abtrennen dV545; Kas45 (Hit polysem.)
59 know 454 dheiH- see, regard L141,P243 orphan d
wr e h - find orphan
59 know 455
>()-
L69 8,P 11 6 0
B
59 know vi 456 s)ker- to cut P938-45 orphan krs-
(devt
59 know 457 irrelevant irrelevant (pa-)
meaning)
(devt
59 know 458 Mrt no ety P727 ?? (imanal)
meaning)
leaf bhel-4 <bleh-
25 460 P122-4 +W+E (bla) blad foglia folium B
pilta
(of plant) leaf, blossom;
L <Scythian? cf oInd
Bal-Sla
25 leaf 461 r/liati pluck (L504) [] (lakas)
<hreiy- reien =substratum
leup/b- abreien;
P690; P
25 leaf 462 or debatable lapas lauf
P679
lehp- flach
<dol-yom <dol- Branch
25 leaf 463 P234; not L132 duille duille
'blhen, grn' orphans
gwos-d- foliage,
25 leaf 464 P480 Orphan gjethe
branches
1. pter- <pet fly?? 1. Mrt.false
1. not conv.;
25 leaf 465 2. L <cSyriac ter- [terew]
2.Loan
tarp
id. 2.ewy w Refs
25 leaf 466 L <? leaf, foliage Kas46;Klo645 Orphan parstu- 16
wel- rupfen ? (cf Y
25 leaf 467
bhel-)
(P1139) Orphan varka-
Mh II-103 no
25 leaf 468 foliage? Orphan () [pala]
ety
2
469 pet- fall down, fly
25 leaf a >feather (of tree) ?
P826(5) Orphan (pttra)> patt
469 pinion, feather (devt
25 leaf b ewy (parna)> (pan n a)
>leaf meaning)?
469 HVB8. 5 6 a; (devt.
25 leaf c huu erb- twig ? (hurpata-)
(P1153-3B) meaning)?
lie (recline, (lagari, Pok
67 470 legh-, vt>i L398,P658 +W+E leat liggja ligge laigid luigh- (Fl: lecet) () B
ly-k
rest) alone)
lie L320,P539;
67 471 ei- lie, home ? -only E ki- sate ay, t
Kas47
1
67 lie 472 gol- to lie vi! P402 Orphan gulti
lie ye-k- speak, beg,
67 473 (P502,3) Orphan giacere iaceo
joke, ? uncertain
67 lie 474 sterh3-, pres strn-n L599 Orphan shtrihem
67 lie 475 Unknown ewy-; fwy- Loan?
67 lie 476 No ety L < ? ewy, Mat Orphan [pakel]
lie leh-d- lassen (?)
67 477 L400:P666 Orphan let n
>San let y
lie keu-b < ?eubh
67 478 L357?,P5902 (dvt meaning) (cub)
rest
y kw-rr(t-) < leard,
53 liver 480 P504 +W+E (yekn) iecur ykar ykrrt yakr t
(H)y kw-rn- lyard
pekw- t cook,
53 liver 481 (P798) Bal-Sla kpenys
bake metathesis
Branch
leip- m Fett be-
53 liver 482 P670(504) ? orphans lifr lever
schmieren ?
(Nostratic?)
LU: unknown
53 liver 483 L<? Branch loans [e] L [ae] L
substrate
ficus Feige > iecur
L-Prgung
53 liver 484 fctum 'fig-stuffed P504 fegato
liver' <Gr.
L < Got milt; via Itn
53 liver 485
milzi?
Holm Loan [mli]L
c al q u e of
53 liver 486 fig ewy Lat. fic a t u m
53 liver 487 L< Hattian Klo 525 Loan [lessi] L
B
53 liver 488 udero > u d st yo- P1104;Adams
wstarye
del- < (d)lhn ngh-
5
14 long 490 P196,7 +W+E dlinnyj ilg-a langr lang lungo longus gjat taluki darga drgh (drgh)
s
14 long 491 wozdh- P1113 fota fada
mhrs lang,
14 long 492
dnn
P699
3
deu- to advance, (j)erkar(i
14 long 493 P219-20
extend <dwehro- n)
(barjr (brzant
14 long 494 br -r P140f E; meaning tall)
(parkus tall) B
prkare tall)
(br hant)
le(m)b- harabhngen
14 long 495 >Sanlamba +kah (P655-660) - lamb
long
louse [Ri
22 500 l-s- P692 +W+E ut-l ls lus (luwa) St,Ri - na yk j
only i list] ( bio)
L ><Bas sorri? or [sar]
22 louse 501 Orphan
vv
mlo- kleines (ml
22 louse 502 Lucht: P724 Orphan tgudo)
mol
Tier
Branch pdi(cul
22 louse 503 pezd- stinken P829 pidocchio
orphans u)s
merh2-
22 louse 504 zerdrcken, to L440 Orphan morri
squeeze
Branch
22 louse 505 dh gh e-r- P487
orphans
22 louse 506 ere/gh- Laus P335 Orphan Pok
(ergjiz) (v)oil
22 louse 507 Gap G
22 louse 508 L<? Orphan [B preri]
509 p e a (Mper), no Branch
22 louse a BH,Bla, not Skj spi-
further ety orphans
509 k nid; cf. G m n.
22 louse b Nisse*
irrelevant (cnis)
man (adult
17 male human) 510 a)ner- <hn r-1 P765-1 only E? (Osc:nerum) (njeri) (P: air) nar nr nar
cf person
wro-s- power,
17 man 511 P1177 only W? vras (verr) fer fear vir (vra) (vr)
hero, warrior
manu-s man;
P700;
17 man 512 perhaps <dhhom- meaning! muina mann (mnu-)
P: h (P415)
( e/om-)
erH- grown-
17 man 513 P391 Orphan karl
up
dhhom-
17 man 515 P415 Orphan uomo (homo)
(P:he/om-)
b u eh2- to be/
h
17 man 516 Holm <L98 Orphan brr
dwell
ta boy <Syriac
17 man 517 ewy w sources Orphan tamard
+mrnt-s
P796,824-3;
17 man 518 pes, peisnis? Orphan pesan
Kas51
ne- umkommen,
519 B
17 man a ver-schwinden L45 1,P 7 6 2 Orphan ekwe
>Vergnglicher
519 (devt
17 man b Not Applicable irrelevant (maya)
meanings)
519 (devt
17 man c Not Applicable irrelevant [dm]
meanings)
many n
pelu-D <pelh1,3-
10 [NOT: full, 520 P800-D +W+E (fj l) il- a ln (plnus) - paru pur
much
big, much]
meH-4 more >
many P704-4
10 521 mHen(gh)- -meaning margir mange
(plural!) >P730
plenty
mk(a)
10 many 522 me(h)-big P708 etc. (cf big) () mkki 24 (mk-) (mhi)
24
dh eugh - to give
10 many 523 P271 etc. Orphan daug
much
Branch
10 many 524 mel-4 gro P720 etc. molti multi
orphans
10 many 525 L <Lat summu(s) Holm Alb Orphan [shm]L
10 many 526 L<? (Pok,VP, Mrd) Orphan [at]
bhnlh-u- thick,
10 many 527 P127 Orphan (bah) bahut
dense
man
73 moon 530 m-(nt) Mond P731f +W+E m nulis mni mne () ; mene m(ha-) m s
73 moon 531 leuk- to shine P687-9,=L cf gre white luna lna lusin
s)kand- Mond, cd,
73 moon 532 P526 -marked hn (candr-)
leuchten chnd
peig Flecken
73 moon 533 P794-1 orphan sca
habend?
gelh- 'to shine';
P429;
73 moon 534 or orphan gealach
P366; not L-
gel- id
s w el- sch w el e n
>
73 moon 535 P1 0 4 5- 2 (?) orphan
(selas) light,
glow
s b e n g-
gl nz e n > AGr e
P9 8 9-9 0;
73 moon 536
' m o o nligh t ' L51 2
orphan
> {Dim}
>
Branch
73 moon 537 h(o)r-mo-? unclear Klo206;Kas arma
orphan
mountain
[not
86 540 gwerH-3 P477-3 +W+E (nugara) (gur) () gairi- gir
universal,
amb]
kel-1, kll n-is
86 mountain 541 P544-1 -meaning? klna-s (collis) () le(a)(n)? (kalm-ara)??
Hgel; (~loi-?)
p e rli-s Fels/rock Branch
86 mountain 542 P807 fjall fjell
orphans
Branch (sar
86 mountain 543 s)lei-bos cliff P363,663,960 slab sliabh
orphans summit)
men-1 emerge montagn
86 mountain 544 P726-1 only Ke-It (moned) - mns -
>mnn -t- a
mel-8 ~mol
86 mountain 545 P721-8,725 seldom (mell) - mal-i
elevation
86 mountain 546 h3er- to (a)rise Oet;P328 orphan
86 mountain 547 bh(e)u: to blow up P98? orphan
86 mountain 548 Gap All sources - G
Adams: no
86 mountain 549 L<? Loan? - [B s ale]
convincing
pr-ur/un >San hi.wiki!ewy~;
86 mountain 549 - (peru-n rock) (paurvat-) (parvata) parvat
parvata (Klo)
86 mountain 549 meaning rock (!) Not hi.wiki! (dvt meaning) - (pahr )
ws-(t)- <h1eh3-os- h/nh/
42 mouth 550 P784-1 +W+E (usta) (austo) s (y)is s
mouth, estuary h-n
wer-6
42 mouth 551 schwren;cf (P1162) orphan
OCSl rota Eid
42 mouth 552 bher-3 pierce +ug P134,145? burn beran
menth-2 Branch (mentum
42 mouth 553 P732-3 2
munnr munn
kauen; Mund orphans )
Branch
42 mouth 554 get- lip, mouth P480/481 bl() bal
orphans
L < ? motivi Cor226;dV76Su [bocca]L
42 mouth 555 Loan (bucca)
discussi b 3<
42 mouth 556 L <Lat gula Holm Orphan [gj] L
Branch
42 mouth 557 stomn P1035
orphans
/gan- klaffend
42 mouth 558 (L193,P411) Orphan koy(n)
ffnen
42 mouth 559 L < PDrav. mujt? (P751) Loan? (mukha) [muh]
nail of digits onog-
+W+E (I-I nakh-
45 (not followg Sw 560 <h(e)nogh- nail, P780 etc. nogot ngas nagl negl ingen ionga unghia unguis - (+) eung sankuwi mekwa nakh nakh
change to claw) meaning? nur Per)
claw)
nail(s) thua
45 561 kent- stechen ? P567 ?
(claw) (apua)
nail(s)
45 562 er-eu BH (P574) BH:
sr-
(claw)
nail(s) Not applicable L <
45 563 irrelevant (devt meaning) [ank]? [changul]-
(claw) Ira?
enmn - <hnh-
100 name [uninf] 570 P321 etc. +W+E (emnes) nafn [navn] ainmm ainm nome nmen mr anun lman nem nma(n) n man nm
mnn name
100 name 571 wer-6 to speak P1163 orphan vardas -
neck (not
mon-o/i- (mny ),
50 nape) 580 P747 weak (muin) muinel manaor
neck, nape? manaor
[difficult]
kwol-so- <turn, P639
50 neck 581 only West kklas hals hals collo collum [-?]
seldom neck (<L386)
sk a b h- to pro p St:
(ru: P9 1 6; griva?
50 neck 582 u p?; or
9 1 7 ?)
questionable (zverk-)
(gar man)
(grv )
s)k(h) ai- b e a t?
br(i)g(a
50 neck 583 gwriH-ueh throat P474 meaning? (braid) UT
bara-
)e
L <Balkan-Trk
kafa back of head
50 neck 584 Holm Alb Orphan [qaf]L
<Arb qabba
collar
50 neck 585 anh- narrow P42-3 only Balkan viz
50 neck 586 lem-2 Schlund? (P675) Orphan
50 neck 588 geut Kehle, Hals? P394!; Kas58- Nacken! ku(wa)ttar
589 r hs-n-yom- top
50 neck a P575=Adams Orphan krni
of head
L < Per.
589 SV392, ewy; [gardan]
50 neck b (gardan) id; cf. P474 Loan
ave. garman
96 new 590 nwo- >new-yo- P769 etc. +W+E naujas nr ny n, na nua nuovo novus (F) nor nwa nu-(we) nava nva nay
h1ere(i)- freshly
96 new 591 Holm: P330 i ri
coming in motion
ken-3, knn -ys (devt
()
96 new 592 frisch P563-4 meanings in
hervorkommen
Ind-Ira)
n/ekw-t- <nh3kwt- (nekuz
92 night 600 (ori P762 +W+E nakts ntt natt ?(nocht ) notte nox nt dawn/afterglo (naktim) (nkt)
dawn/afterglow?) w)
92 night 601 kwsep- dark P649; Kas60 E only ipant xap ks p
(y)adak die adaig
92 night 602 Lucht - Orphan >oche
Schwarze (?) [L?]
wekwsperos-
92 night 603 P1173 Orphan gier
evening
wes-1 <hwes-
B
92 night 604 stay, remain (the Adams (L293) Orphan ys ye
night)
r-5 dunkel *l-2
92 night 605
hidden
P853 >651 Orphan () rt
[nese]<
ns- <Hneh-es-? P755; (n s, nsus,
41 nose 610 +W+E nsis nasar)
da naso nh n s- nk
hnhos-?? MBr: nris
PGmc
41 nose 611 neb- bersten?? (L448) nef
(s)nab-
spren- spren/ Branch
41 nose 612 P992 srn =srn
Sporn orphan
41 nose 613 (s)keu - Holm <P951 Orphan hnd
41 nose 614 ser-1 P909-10 Orphan [L?]
mu-t- (cf Lit mt
41 nose 615 (P 7 5 1) Orphan
Maul ?)
L <Khinalug - ewy w ref;
41 nose 616 Loan <>Cau. [ kit ]
? Mrt.-
41 nose 617 L < ? obscure Kas61-; Klo- Loan ? [ titita ] L
mel- Erhhung
41 nose 618 (against Adams: (P721) Orphan meli
unlikely)
not n,
08 620 ne-1 ( kuuo) P756-1 etc. +W+E n, ni ne n non nn,ne- nk (-) - na-tta (a(n/m)-) na(da) n nah
(comparable) na[ch]
ei t t- (on e {neuter})
08 not 621 + ki (n e g s u ffix); Kus (P284-6) Orphan [ikke]
L < Dan
*ne) hoyu kid,
08 not 622 ewy w refs; Mrt debated () (vo)-
'not what ever'
08 not 623 - (P1164) Orphan
1 AB
08 not 624 m- P703 Orphan (mos) (() (mi) m- (m-) (m-)
one oi-nos- < hy-nos [ai-ka = L <
11 630 P284-6 +W+E vena- einn en en (a h)aon uno oinos () Mit]
ava ka ek
(numeral) [?] single
sem-2 < s( )mih- -meaning,
11 one 631 P902 - - (semper) nj () mi, mk (s?) sasA, seB
(rather unified) -distr
11 one 632 so, si Goe; Shields iya ?
path, road,
pnrt-h- path,
85 (not street) 640 P808 +W+E () (pons) pant pnth
bridge
[amb]
i-t-r < hey- go, >PCel bow-
85 path 641 P294f; etc. bthar (iter)? itar ytr {f}
way itro
weggh- to draw,
85 path 642 P1119 - - vegr vei dh
drive
dheragh- to draw
85 path 643 P257 Orphan -
along
85 path 644 kel-5-eu path P548->554 Orphan klias
85 path 645 s e n t-u Lu: P908 Orphan st
weyh/w-3 Weg,
85 path 646 deVaan:P1123-4 Orphan via via
Reihe
85 path 647 s e d- g e h e n p 8 8 4-7 B Orphan
85 path 648 d er-/ dr e m- Lauf P2 0 4 Orphan
L < Ira *arana-
Loan [anapar
85 path 649 par Mrt. no ety (par-)
composition h]
<*per+tus
ser-1strmen,
649
85 path a verfolgen >saraka (P909) ewy Orphan sar ak
(San) line of road
649
85 path b not applicable irrelevant Orphan (pal-sa-)
person
(human (mu menns- (manushy
18 650 manus- P700 +W+E mar maya mnu-s
individual; man) ke a)
cf man
18 person 651 dhhm-on- (West) P414-5 earthen mg-s (gumi) duine duine uomo hom (tkan)
s)k wel- crow d,
18 person 652 p e o pl e + w e yk Der:P640, P38-3 Orphan - (kulam)
(?)
18 person 653 a)ner- <h2ner-1 P765 (L267) meaning njeru anj
Mann change
against
MAN
andher- stopplig man
18 person 654 P41
+ops Gesicht person
18 person 655 hn-dhuh-; & s P640, P38-3 Orphan antuwahhas
g yeh- leben
w
Adams: B
18 person 656 Orphan aumo
+mo (L215;P467-9)
18 person 657 vyakt (San), no ety na Orphan vyakti
18 person 658 mer(H)- t die P735 only E (?) mard - (maa) (mrta)
18 person 659 Not applicable na (semantics) (fravai-)
a)wer(s)-9c4 <
76 rain n 660 h(e)wr-; ~next s- P80-1-9c4 +W+E (r )? (vrnd) vra vars bri
mob? >
(oPr: (
76 rain 661 seu-<sew(H)- L545,P912 only E suge,sj)
sh shower)
sweseB
76 rain 662 dus- bad P227 Orphan
lei- gieen,
76 rain 663 P664 f Orphan liet-s
flieen, trpfeln
(H)re- ? >PGmc Branch
76 rain 664
regna-
P857,?498 regn regn
orphan
76 rain 665 bher-2 ? P132 Orphan bren
a)u r- water,
rain,; or < mIr ferthain (N) fear-
76 rain 666 (Lu? P80f)
feraid (Oiri) grant, give,pouring thainn
supply
Branch
76 rain 667 plew- waschen P835-7 pioggia pluvia
orphan
Branch
76 rain 668 meregh P738
orphan
ewy: unknown;
76 rain 669 L<? Loan? [anjrew]
Mrt-
76 rain 669 h2eih-(e)u- Klo340;Kas65 Vart. of awer? h(y)u-
looks archaic
reudh- < raud(on)
87 red 670 P872 Lu +W+E raur [rd] (rad) rosso ruber ratreB raoiita rudhir lal (?)
(h)rewdh-r- red as
krs <krehs-3-s-
87 red 671 P572 Orphan
Glut
dher-g(h)-o Branch
87 red 672 Lu: P251 derg dearg
murky, dirty orphan
87 red 673 L <Vlat. coccu(m) Holm Alb Loan [kuq]
L <?>Vlat.
87 red 674 ewy Loan []
coccu(m)
87 red 675 L <Per.* karmr ewy Loan [karmir]
87 red 676 L < ? red wool (!) Klo583; Kas Loan [mit-]?
w(e)rd- <
26 root 680 whrehd- Zweig, P1167 Lu +W+E - - rt rot frn framh radice rdx rrnj - (su?) ?witsakoB varak
Rute, Wurzel
k()or(H)-5-en- ?
26 root 681 (P573) uncertain
or L<?
26 root 682 ak-2- branch, peg P523 Orphan akn-s
26 root 683 or/er-3 t rise P326-3 Orphan arm-at
26 root 684 s-wer- Pfahl P1050-3 Orphan surka,i
m-lo Wurzel,
26 root 685
Pflanze
P750 Orphan m la
en-t Ursprung?
26 root 686 P373 ff jar
>jat (I-I)
round [amb,
s)ker-3egh- bent, kringlt cruin(n|
98 out of 22 in 690 P935- 3 meaning? cruinn (curvus) () P
skarna
circular tr d)
WP:]
gel-1 t cling >
P357f-1
98 round ? 691 round object; (Lu~) - - (globus) klor (gula)
P396-d gol
gH-l
Kr:
98 round 692 wel-7 to turn P1143(40) Orphan
apvals
L <Fre<Spa>Arb Branch [rund]
98 round 693 Klu/Seeb rotondo rotundus
arobt? orphans L
L <Gre [rrumbull
98 round 694 Holm Orphan
Kreisel/top, gyro ]L
streng- straff, Branch
98 round 695
beengt > drop
P1037 (L604)
orphans
98 round 696 Gap Klo-;Kas- G
98 round 697 Gap Klo-;Kas- - - G
98 round 698 uer- t turn) P1156f Orphan vartula
98 round 699 Not applicable irrelevant (semantics) - - (vorsus)
(Ri
98 round 699 Not applicable irrelevant (semantics) - -
bolorak?)
(sabulum
sand (as opp. bhes-1 crush(ed);
78 700 P145-1 E; Itc debated sabbia grober av-az
to earth) ~ iconic w followg
S)
78 sand ? 701 ps-2 sand P824 2 ?? psnu-(Mh) (pmms)
P326f
78 sand 702 er-4,5 <h1er- ? cf earth! (rena) (h)arna rr [L?] (below?) ret
P332-4,5
(cf got
78 sand 703 mel-1 to grind P717 W? smlis malma)
(=
78 sand 704 h
?samhxdhos M/A [L<Uralic?] sandr sand sabbia ?)
L <unknown Branch [gaineam
78 sand 705 Lucht; ewy- [gainem]
source orphans h]
78 sand 706 Gap no source G
B
78 sand 707 speculative (Adams) orphan warance (vluka-)
2
ik- fein(er
78 sand 708 Regen); cf ier- Lub (P598) ? orphan skat
pea
say [undeci sekw-2 say (cf (pa)sak
71 710 L526 2,P897 Lu! +W+E segja si (-sequ) ()
dable!] next) ti
71 say 711 wekw- say L673,P1135 (only E) (voco) () B
we vak vkti
71 say 712 kwe(H)- to P638-9 orphan
71 say 713 bher- >plab- P128,831 only kel as-beir abair
Branch
71 say 714 dey- sagen L108,P188-9 () dire < dc
orphans
keHs
71 say 715 - anweisen/to Holm (L318) Orphan () them
advice
71 say 716 bheh-2 t speak; L69,P105-2 -Lu (fr) (bhana-)
a-2 <he- +w
71 say 717 L256,P290 (Lu~) (ai(i)) () (aks-)?
above?
mrao-
71 say 718 mlewh- speak; L446,P--- ase-/ml (palwam) brav-
mi,mr-
719 (St: trk-
71 say a ter- sprechen L630,P1088-9 Orphan (tor-tor-) (tar) t(r) A
)
719
71 say b unknown ewy Orphan kahn
719
71 say c werh- reden irrelevant (talk) () ()
719 mem- (
71 say d (P725);(Kas71) tadeln->say? NH
(mema)
reduplication? )
w(e)yd-2 t catch
see (to look) (oLi:
57 720 sight, L665,P1125-2 +W+E () vizdmi) vedere video () (au-s)
[cf to know]
t know
L525,P897;Kas
57 see 721 sekw- t see, spot +W+E sj se shoh saku-wye,a-
diff.
{ad- (
57 see 722 der- t look at L122,P213 +W+E condairc -- , tes-nel darsm (dar-)
} )
57 see 723 med- (er)messen P705 Orphan (smotri) (pa)matyti
werH- to be hot,
57 see 724 P479 Orphan iur ti
shine
kwei- Branch
57 see 725 L377, P636 ad-chi = feicim
wahrnehmen orphans
Branch
57 see 726 L<? ewy-; frwy-;P- [] []
orphans
AB
57 see 727 leuk- blaze ?? P687;Blaek Orphan (lta?) l(y)k
729 spe/- t watch L575,P984 ( (spas,
57 see b +W+E (speci) (pash) - pa-yati
~ ?peHs- ? (L459?) ) piiiei-?)
729 ke sehen,
57 see c L383,P638-9 Orphan dekhn
erblicken
UT,Ri
57 see 728 not applicable irrelevant (meaning) (lta?) vana-
729 ke sehen, ca cs t e
57 see a L383,P638-9 (meaning)
erblicken blickt
seed n[not AB
24 730 sh-(men) L517,P889 only W skl seme smen srm
universal]
24 seed 731 se-(g)-lo-1 P887 sl sol (seges)
prews- spritzen? (L493?)
24 seed 733 questionably frj =fr ?
sper-/spor L580
sper- t scatter; or
24 seed 734 L < Lat far(na) Holm (L580?) undecided [far]
flour, spelt?
prews- spritzen? (L493?)
24 seed 733 questionably
sper-/spor L580
er-2 wachsen
24 seed 732 P577 (!) Orphan serm
(machen), nhren
Haa.;Klo980;
24 seed 734 L <Sum.? Loan? [warwalan]
(Kas-)
teuk- Keim, Same, taoxma(n
24 seed 735
Nachkommenschaft
P1085 Orphan
)
No ety L <Munda?
24 seed 736 cf Indonesian biji Holm Orphan [b ja ] [bj]
id
L513;P884f;
68 sit (vi) 740 sed- sit down vt. +W+E () sd ti sitja sitte saidid sui-m sedere sedeo nst-im (it) s m- ? (hiaiti ) (sdati)
etc.
s- <hehs- to sit (cf as-
68 sit 741 L232;P342; etc only E () s- sk ste ste
vi nus)
her-[+ei]
68 sit 742 anordnen/to Holm (L269) rri
arrange
upa-viti- (ewy -); (L669):
[bait hn
68 sit 743 >uvavit t ha-/~bit t hiencog.blogspo
]
ha- (?) t
s)k-ti- cover; (
skin Lub: (Kym:
28 750 skeu(H)-ih- P951 +W+E hud (b cute) cutis skin,leathe
(human) cwd)
r)
skin, hide
28 skin 751 kao goat P517 P-Sla
28 skinn 752 L<? Fr515, fehlt P Baltic only [ da]
Orphan,only
28 skin 753 s)kend-no- skin P929 skinn
W
28 skin 754 kni-d-to Lu: P559-61 cnes
s)ker-4 cut,tear Orphan- craicean
28 skin 755 P9384 (croic-) (corium) ( kura)? (arman) (crman)
off meaning n
(plene
pl-(n,t)3B cover, (pellis
28 skin 756 P803-3B -meaning (plen) Hutchen a pelle ()
(too often hide) )
Fell)
l- +kur = L <Lat
28 skin 757 corium thick skin, Holm Alb proposal - [lkr]
leather
der-4 schinden, Branhc
28 skin 758 P206;L119
zerreien orphans
L <Semitic/PAA
28 skin 759 ewy; (Mrt450) Loan [mak]
masak
759
28 skin f Gap Klo;Kas Gap G
759 h1ed- t eat
28 skin g Adams ?(P287) only E yetse
possibly
759 sk i- < sheh(y)
28 skin h L547,P919 Orphan suri? (chav)
cut; or
759
28 skin i ewS2twkos P1099 only E tvac tvac-
sleep (v; dr-m <dreh1-
60 760 L126,128,P226 +W+E (drmy) dormire dormi () dr-
[cf lie down] (Lub h2)
60 sleep 761 swep- fall asleep L612, P1048 -meaning sofa sove (spi) knel supp- xvaf-na- (svapiti) son
h
meig - to glimmer,
mieg-
60 sleep 762 twinkle; mist (before P712 orphan (yenum?)
the eyes) / ti
Branch
60 sleep 763 telH- >tolH- Lu,L621,P1060 con-tuili =codlaim
orphans
leihu 2-iu
60 s(leep 764 schwinden/to Holm (L406) orphan fle
fade
dem- > + -
()
60 sleep 765 () at home(?) (P198) orphan
P539; ewy no
60 sleep 765 ei-1. liegen +mo orphan
ety.
60 sleep 765 klem matt P602 orphan (e) klntsB (hahm ?)
small pau- gering -distr (
15 770 P842 parvus pokr
[amb] < phw-ro +meaning few)
mei-5>mi-nu- +W+E
15 small 771 P711-5 (mnj) - - (minus) ( maiweB:)
reduce -meaning
mlo small
15 small 772 P724 Orphan
(animal)
me/o(h)- extreme
15 small 772 (P708-9) debated mas
size?
15 small 772 lei- abnehmen P661-2 Orphan ltill liten
b(h)eh- ohne? or
15 small 772 (P112) Celtic Loan [becc] [beag ]
L < ?;
15 small 772 romanico Cor1189 Orphan piccolo
L <Trk ufaklik
15 small 772 tinyness <Arb Holm Alb. Loan [vogl]L
faqr poor
smeh1(i)-k- klein,
15 small 772 P966 Orphan
winzig
kmb-(e)i-(?); Klo439,171; kappi
15 small 772 Orphans
nmh 2ient (?) Kas77 (amij-ant)
h 3leig/k-
15 small 772 Adams; P667 Orphan () lykake
drftig,elend
OY
15 small 772 ak- abmagern P521 Orphan kasu-
orbo- Waise >
15 small 772 P781 Orphan rbha-s
schwach, klein
kseud- klein
15 small 772 P625 Orphan (ks udra?) chot
>ks udr-
smoke (n, of (, dta-(?)
81 780 dhuh-ms/bh P261,MBr Lu+ W+E d mai d deatach fumo fmus tuhhu(wa)i dhm dhu
fire, not cloud) (mPr:dt)
81 smoke 781 reu-g? ?P871-2 Orphan reykr ryk
81 smoke 782 L <Gre Holm Orphan [tym-i]L
kewHp- smoke (?) Branch
81 smoke 783 P596
orphans
81 smoke 784 L<? Orphan [ux]
81 smoke ? 785 Gap G
81 smoke ? 785 s)meu-gh P971; Mrt. -number (mch) (mch) (mux)
69 stand (vi) 790 st/- < steh- L590,P1004f Lu+ W+E stv- ti standa st tair-(s seas stare st (K: stm) st,hitai st,ts t ha
) issiur - -
er(i)- <h,er-
3.
rri
come into L238,299,25!
69 stand 791 {fientive} (m ar- <hr-to
motionme into P326-9
kmb)
motion
*geh-come (to ewy?, Mrt kangn-el;
69 stand 792
stand) ??
Orphan
hesitating (not ka-)
69 stand 793 kelH aufragen L349,P544 Orphan G: kly
kelH- aufragen,
794 or
(L349, P544)? [khar
69 stand Orphan
L<? P-; ewy- hona]
74 star 800 ster-2 <hst r- P1027-2 +W+E stjarna stjerne stella stlla ast hater cirye str- str tr
ghwoigw- shine,
74 star 801 P495 Bal-Sla vaigd
star
Branch
74 star 802 L<? swy, Lu: no ety [rind] (rinn)
orphans
Lu:no ety; Branch
74 star 802 ret- +glu? or L < ? (rtglu) [ralt(a)]
(P366) orphans
74 star 803 h1eus burn, glow LIV245 ylli
stone (opp.
a- < he-sharp (aku sea- asman,
77 to sand, 810 P19 ? +W+E ? akmuo () man
+mn stone shell) asan-
earth)
guuer- (bru)
77 stone 811 P477-3 E! gr krweneB (grvan-)
Berg/mountain mill~
st(eh2)i- >Gmc
77 stone 812 P101 Orphan steinn [sten]
staina
77 stone 813 L <Lat clocca Lucht Orphan [cloch] [cloch]
L <Gre or the same
77 stone 814 Orphan [pietra]
substrate
lep-3 Fels, Stein ?
77 stone 815 or lep-2 P678 Orphan lapis
abspalten;
77 stone 816 L < substrate (Beekes) Orphan []
77 stone 817 L < substrate P- Orphan []
77 stone 818 kar-3 hard P531 Vokal! kar
HVB1.44b; Haa.:
77 stone 817 NA4; L < Sum? L.
Loan? peru(na) L (premA)
NA4;L < ?
77 stone 817 Klo650; Kas. Loan? (paila)
pebble
77 stone 817 L<? Orphan [patthar]
lu- <lehu-2
77 stone 819 P683-2 ? +meaning (le)? - (ler) ()?
stone
(St below
72 sun 820 s wel- <shwel- P881 Lu+ W+E sul sl sol - sole sl hvar(a) svr sraj
-)
821 g her gl or gwher-
72 sun P441 or 493 Orphan gran =grian
ideih2-
72 sun 822 Holm (L108) Orphan dielli
glnzen/to shine
hrew-i-
72 sun 823 Mrt; P873? (ori. poetic) arev/g (ravi)?
'sun(shine)' ?
Kas82; HVB1.52 L, cf. Hat.
72 sun 824 L<Hattian estan. DINGIR [itanu-] L
UTU-us estan
kehw-1
72 sun 825 anznden, Adams (L345) Orphan kaum
verbrennen
swim [amb~ s)n-<( s)neh- t B [sn ti
63 830 L572, P971 +meaning snd snmh nuotare nat- ntoj nsk n
float] moisten, bath badet]
63 swim 831 pleu-(d,k) t float L487,P798,835 -meaning? plaukti () plu, plv-
swem(b)- 'to be P1046(?);L-;
unsteady, move, [svmm
63 swim 832 ewy no source L <N-EurAs? svima-
swim' e]
63 swim 833 L < substrate (?) unknown Orphan
log- bath
63 swim 834
related??
P-; Mrt no entry Orphan lo-al
63 swim 835 Gap G ( yrA)
ter-5r/tr- <
63 swim 836 L633, P1074-5 Orphan tairn
terh2- to cross, to
tail ers-3 buttocks + (err, er-
35 840 P340-3 ? meaning? eireaball
(cf arse!) too many forms ball)
peuk- <puk(eh)- B
35 tail 841 P849 (or 827?) only E pako pccha p ch
bushy (tail)
gwes-to-s
35 tail 842 P480 Orphan
Laubbschel
35 tail 843 od(e)g(w)o 773 Baltic uodeg
35 tail 844 kel- tip P552 3
Orphan hali hale
kehu- hauen, Branch
35 tail 845 (P535) ? coda cauda
schlagen orphans
ibheiH- >
35 tail 846
bhi(H)-st-o- Holm (L72) Verbal noun bishti
schlagen/to beat
*p > Arm h/0;
Nowhere late loan
35 tail 847 (unconvincing [po] L?
convincing <Mitanni?)
etys)
35 tail 848 Gap G
P227 = Turner
35 tail 849 dum(b)-a Orphan duma
6419
that [amb,
05 often 850 a)u- <heu- that s P73-4 only E? a-i/j/t () hau,ava- ads,am vah
undecidable]
that [cf a/ol-(jos)- ille
05 851 P24,25 (Lu) -meang - ()
all!] <hel-beyond, s (alius)
Branch
05 that 852 s, sh, td P978-9 () tas
orphans
05 that 853 kHi-r/n? P609 Orphan hinn
L <Dan ann{akk} [den,
05 that 853 P1086f orphan (noyn)
< s det] L
Branch
05 that 854 sem- eins? Lu: ?P604 sin =sin
orphans
05 that 855 ecce illum? (Vlat) uncertain Orphan quello
henos 'that' >(-
{augment} + e- Branch
05 that 856 P609(?)
>{deictic} here orphans
+nos)
05 that 858 e(i)-3 P285(1) Orphan ay-n
h-b- ?
05 that 857 Klo191;Kas85 cf. Alb, Arm! ap/b-
(unclear)
05 that 858 so-u- > s-m ? Adams Orphan sam(p)
H(i)e-s this
this [amb] P609; Kas86;
04 860 (here); dV: g/he/o- +distr? -s hic () k-//i-
dV
ke >Lat.
s,s,sj
04 this 861 so-,s-,syo- P978 (Lu)? () so,sa,se seo - (sa) se ha(u) s(u)
[denne,
04 this 862 L < Dan cf that Orphan
dette] L
04 this 863 ecce istum ? uncertain Orphan questo
04 this 864 kuo- +pers. ending P644 cf. Hit.! k-y/jo/t (k-??)
P285(1) !
04 this 865 e(i)-3 Orphan ay-s
contrad P609
y(s)- quae > San
04 this 866 P283 Orphan yah
y
tongue dnrhw- <
44 870 P223 +W+E lievis tunga tunge tengae teanga lingua (d)lingua gjuh lezu kantwo hiz jihv jbh
(anat) dnlhw(e)h
gloh3g- Spitze,
44 tongue 871 P402
Zunge
1.L< Akkad?
Klo515; cf. Akk.
44 tongue Redupl.? 2.or lla
Kas.88. linu
onomapoetic?
tooth (front? e)dont/dnrt-
43 880 P289 Lu+ W+E dants tnn tann dt (dt) dente dns atamn dantan dnt- dt
undecidable) < h,()d-ont- ?
kam;kem
43 tooth 881 om-bh-os P369 W+E, dfct dhmbi () (jmbha-) -
e
43 tooth 882 wes-2 eat; or L <? Lu?; (P1171) orphan [fiacail]
43 tooth 882 keg- Pflock P537;Klo427 orphan kaga
tree (not log) deru- : (dru- {n}
23 890 P214 +W+E tr tre dru-ri taru druma-
Lu~) wood, tree)
medhio- median,
23 tree 891 P709-7 W mdi-s
or L <Finmets?
Branch
23 tree 892 kr s-woods? P633 crann crann
orphans
erHd- hoch, Branch
23 tree 893 P339 albero arbor
Baum orphans
L <Hurro-Urart.
ewy
with grls-o-
23 tree 894 <Diakonoff; Loan [a]
Geflochtenes,
P392;
Buschwerk
steh-mn
23 tree 895 Stamm/treetrunk P1004-8 Orphan stm
wer-e- Baum,
23 tree 896 P1169 (1154) Orphan vara- (vrlks -)
Mast)
23 tree 897 L<? Orphan [per ]
23 tree 898 not applicable na (meaning) (bile)
two (num)
dw-
12 [uninformati 900 P228 +W+E d tveir to d,d d due duo dy erku ta wu dva dv do
<dwh(u)-/duwh
ve]
walk
(advancing ei-t/mi
aiti,yeint
65 foots 910 ei-1 <h1ey- gehen LIV232,P293 +W+E (vaikio ire,e ([eci ]) () iya i-/y- ay-
i
alternatively ti)
)
65 walk 911 hengh- schreiten L175,P438 only W (engi) ganga g (cingim) (cinn) (g()n-al)
(h)
steh(m)b /p- ?; cf Branch
65 walk 912 Lu:?P1012 siblaid silaim
e step orphans
65 walk 913 debated Orphan andare
L < Lat sequor to (cammina
65 walk 914 Holm Orphan tagu? [shkoj]
follow re)
pent- (e Weg) Branch
65 walk 915 L471, P808-9 (fara)
finden orphans
L < ? kel- (+ i-
ewy, Mrt no [kayl-el]
65 walk 916 infix) to linger Orphan
ety; (P639?)
around?
65 walk 917 kwel(H)-1 t turn P639- Orphan () (i-, y-n-) (car-) caln
(amb-
65 walk 918 helh-8 ambul L264,P27-8 Orphan (
ul)
919 (gam-/gt
65 walk a gwe-m/h- gehen; L205,P463 Orphan t(gt )
)
919 Frae n ety; (vaikioti
65 walk n
vaik-ti ? jagen (go on foot) )
(P1128-9)
rwd-r
water n P78-9,
75 920 auwed-(r)- < +W+E vanduo vatn vann u(i)sce uisce (Umbutur) j (get) wdar udn
[cf rain!] MBr[F314]
hwdr {koll}
hekweh- marked,
75 water 921 P23 acqua aqua -
(running) water only W
nwo- >
75 water 922 P769 orphan
()
gwer-< gwher-? P80c)?; not
75 water 923 Loan ? [ur] L?
id.)?? P487. Mrt-
(vra
75 water 924 awer- < hwe(h)-r orphan wr (v r ?)
rain)
ap- < ehp- water, (p
75 water 925 P51-2 orphan (pe) - -)
( (hpa-) f (p-)
river) river)
p-no-m drink >
75 water 926 orphan pn
San pnya
03 we incl 930 wi- P1114; Kas95 +W+E vit vi ws wes vam vaym
03 we incl 931 ns, n-s-3 (obl) P758-3 sni sinn noi ns ne () ham
03 we incl 932 me-1 s (P702) ms me(n)k
what
(Intpron) kw-d < kuei-
07 940 P644f +W+E ks hvat hva(d) cd (?) che (ci) quid -(far) in (i(z-i) kui ku-s/c(e) ka(t) kd, km ky
[uninformati (kw-d, kwe-)
ve]
what kwo/u+de? or =
07 941 (P644,647)+? orphan cad
(Intpron) above?
90 white [amb] 950 wey-d,t- ? P628 hvtr hvit spata- vtna
bhelh- shining
90 white 951 P118 ? bltas (belo) ( )
white ?>
are- < h(e)rg- (argentu
90 white 952 P64; Kas97 (arggat) ( ) (arcat) harki rkwi (rzata) (rju-)
white (silver) m)
90 white 954 weid- [?] P1125 orphan fin
90 white 955 beh- to shine P104 orphan bn
bleg- glnzen via
90 white 956 (L86;P124) orphan [bianco]
L <Gmc blank(az)
albho- < hl-bho- ()
90 white 953 P30 orphan (lovo) (alwis) albus (aauni)
(metath?) =?
90 white 957 bherhg-o- bright PK139 orphan bardh
90 white 958 leuk-1 leuchten P687 orphan
s)p(h)erHg-
90 white 959 hervorkommen, (P997) orphan
rscheinen ?
wey-t-os bright P628-9!
959
90 white a >II; here L < (VP, Mrt no orphan spitak
MPer ? ety)
959 wey-t-os bright
90 white b P629 orphan [safed]
>San vet
who
(intpron) kwi-s <kwei; kws^; P646-7; Kas98
06 960 +W+E k-s hverr hvem ca c chi qui(s) kush (o) o(v) kui- kuse k k(s) kaun
[uninformati ~ kwus; (M/A97)
ve]
gwna- <gwnh-; +W, B
sana; gn,
16 woman 970 P473f; Kas99 kona kvinne ben bean kin (kuwan) jni
gwen- <gwenh- +E B
klye jnaya-
16 woman 971 mtr- <mehtr P701 sem shift m ter-is
dem- bauen,
16 woman 972 Haus >domin|us/a P198 donna
Herr/in
mel-
<(h)moldus
16 woman 973 (P719) mulier
zart
>Komparariv
grh
16 woman 974 2- ripe, ready Holm (P390) orphan gra
(grain, grown up of
L <Per ( aurat)
16 woman 975 woman' <Arb Ara ewy Orphan [aurat]
imperfection
16 woman 976 not applicable (meaning) (unatti) (n r-)
yellow hel-(h)- shine,
89 980 P429-1 +W+E gelt na-s gulr gul (helvus) zari- hari(ta)
[amb] yellow
89 yellow 981 bh- >badi os P104; 92 Orphan buide > bui
89 yellow 982 L <Fre jaine ewy (?) orphan [giallo] [gilvus]
89 yellow 983 bleH-wos blond P160 orphan flavus
89 yellow 984 L < lat viridis Holm orphan [verdh]
as- orphan
89 yellow 985 blond,braun/dun- P533
c? or L < ?
L < Medit. []
89 yellow 986 ewy; fwy- Loan?
substrate ? L
h h 2
89 yellow 987 d elH-b o- yellow P246- (ewy) orphan dein
89 yellow 988 L<unknown source Klo268,Kas100 green-yellow [hah-luwant]
deu-4- >duht- orphan
989 B
89 yellow a
o/ehen covered w Adams P263 tute
dust
pel-6 grey, pale, and orphan
989 peig/k-1 golden, P804
89 yellow b reddish > San (pta GrS) pl
P794
pt/va-la
989 kenHk- saflor- not used
89 yellow c P564 (/)
gelb
You, 2sg, B tm,
02 thou (1955) 990 t - <th- P1097 +W+E t du t tu tu t ti , du tu {obl} tuwe t(u)vm t
tvm-
[uninftve]
02 you 991 ti <tih zik {dir}
Some remarks upon the lists in general
Regrettably, many translators obviously have difficulties in understanding the intended meaning of Swadeshs entries, out of several reasons. Swadesh dealt himself (1955, ch.4) exhaustively with many problems involved with his choices and adjusted his items
several times to new experience. Further, the explanations and clarifications are hidden in different texts, however, not in the final (posthumous) edition, which is our base, with the exception of claw, where it turned out to be better (along with D. Ringe and S.
Starostin) to keep the old version nails of digits.
To test glottochronology, we have to follow the standard rule, to find and count only the every-day usage to the meaning, in a modern linguistic term, the unmarked response. This means that the responses must be valid without additional remarks on narrowing
circumstances of special usage.
R is our sign for these supposedly unmarked words, retained from the original PIE reference list. Exactly those sharp constraints turned out to be a central problem in constructing the word lists, in particular for the brand-new PIE reference list. Of great help were
here the markedness analyses of M. Lucht, and the distribution in Western AND Eastern IE retentions.
Etymological differences:
- nose, l-PIE n s- ; < original and ablauting PIE (BS Hansen Kopenhagen 2012)? Or <Hneh-es-t-h? Or < hnhos- (Meier-Brgger)
Better universals should be, and additionally be formulated in sentences denoting the context, as professional in lexical field work:
Universal Family relations: son, daughter: Both often available also in historical texts, and why did Swadesh skip father and mother? Because of suspect nursery words? And why are these different in many languages in spite of this?
Universal weapons: Arrow, bow, and string.
Everyday and universal craft tools: hammer and knife (why did he skip knife?)
Specific colors: sky-blue, grass-green
Universal water source: creek, spring/well.
General Abbreviations: na: not attested, not available; ts transferred sense, thus not fully counted;
Arm(enian), Ave(stan), Grc (Old Greek), Hur(rian), Lit(huanian), Nor (Old Norse), OCS.(Old Church Slavonian, Per(sian), Rus(sian), Skt. (Sanskrit), Syc(Syriac), Urt(Urartian).
References and their Abbreviations in chronological order, hoping that newer ones considered the older ones
General References and their Abbreviations: For the complete subtables, see individual branches, available from the author upon request
1949: BU = Carl Darling BUCK, A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages. A Contribution to the History of Ideas. Chicago.
1997: Dyen, I, J Kruskal, and P Black: COMPARATIVE INDOEUROPEAN DATABASE COLLECTED BY ISDORE DYEN FILE IE-DATA1 Original URL cancelled, 2007 only available at wwwwordgumbocom,ie,comp,iedatatxt, as test of this still often
used list of very poor quality
1959: P#=Page in Pokorny, J: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wrterbuch, I Band Francke Verlag Bern und Mnchen
2000 (?): St: Starostin, Sergej. A. Indo-European wordlist, by courtesy of his son, Dr. Georgij Starostin. In particular reliable for Russian, as by a native Russian speaker and Professor of linguistics.
2001: L#=Page in Rix H, Kmmel M, Zehnder Th, Lipp R, Schirmer B: Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben Die Wurzeln und ihre Primrstammbildungen Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag
2002: (Ri) = Ringe, Don: The Indo-European word lists The parallel wordlists of 24 oIndo-European (IE) languages used in the Ringe, Warnow, Taylor 2002 paper (PDF), as available at wwwcsriceedu,~nakhley,CPHL, oInternal date 2007-07-05
Containing 421 concepts
2002:(RiS) = Ringe Screened IE dataset without date, still on http:,,wwwcsriceedu,~nakhleh,CPHL, as 2011-08-16
2007: Sta: S.A. Starostin/ Georgij Starostin. 224 words for 110 meanings extended Swadesh list, by e-mail from G. Starostin. Contains code for alleged relationships, minus-sign for alleged loans. Some letters in spite of available Times New
Roman Star not readable.
cont: Wiki(pedia): The required primary translation can often be derived, if there exists a main article in wikipedia AND the target language, in particular, if linked also via a third language of the native speaker. Note that these articles in some
cases refer to the scientific use, not the everyday use!
cont: wS: enwiktionaryAppendix Swadesh lists Aside from the problems outlined above, only reliable, if created by native speakers, as eg for Arm, or reliably referenced
cont: L#+ online updates to Rix et al.
cont: Ho: Assessments by Hans J . Holm
cont: Dunn, Michael: IELEX. As long as Dunn describes theDyen et al. (1997) or Orel by Reliability: good, heremains extremely unreliable.
Albanian: (Both with further references)
2009: Holm, Hans J.: Albanische Basiswortlisten und die Stellung des Albanischen in den indogermanischen Sprachen. In: Zeitschrift fr Balkanologie, Heft 45-2.
2011: Holm, Hans J .: "Swadesh lists" of Albanian Revisited and Consequences for Its Position in the Indo-European Languages. The J ournal of Indo-European Studies 39-1&2.
Armenian (Some questionable cses clarified by own fieldwork 2015). I intend to use the transliteration after ISO 9985, not the classical one.
Main sourcefor Armenian was in particular the in this case excellent http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix: Armenian Swadesh list , except from some not comparable words in the mistaken Ishtar list, abbreviated as
cont.: VP: en.wiktionary/ Appendix/ Swadesh list/ Armenian. Here philologically very reliable, because created by Vahagn Petrosyan, a very educated natural speaker and professional interpreter3, whom I have to thank for many helpful
cont.: e2a: http:/ / www.english2armenian.com/ en/ dictionary-english-armenian/ know.
cont.: glhy: http://glosbe.com/en/hy/ Englisch-Armenisch Wrterbuch Online.
183637: Awetik ean, Gabri l; Xa atur Siwrm lean, & Mkrti Awgerean: Nor ba girk haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language], in 2 vols, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
1879, 1973: Bdr.: Bedrossian, Matthias. New Dictionary Armenian-English. Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy: Librairie du Liban, Beirut.
1952: Fr.: Froundjian, Dirair. Armenisch-deutsches Wrterbuch. Mnchen : Oldenbourg.
197179: Aaean, Hra eay: Hayer n armatakan ba aran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words], in 4 vols (second edition), Yerevan: Yerevan State University
1975: Hit-Arm loans Greppin_JAC.TXT noch einarbeiten
1999: Av.: Avak, Robert. Armenisch Wort fr Wort. [Kauderwelsch Band 119]. 1. Auflage (Teilweise falsche Transliteration).
2009: Mrt.: Martirosyan, Hrach K.: Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary. Brill Academic Pub. Many words missing. Leaves the reader too often with links to references instead
of assessing the, or giving own, arguments.
Baltic and Slavic (in chronological order)
1953-58: Vasmer, Max: Russisches etymologisches Wrterbuch. 4 vols.Heidelberg : Winter. = Fas: en.wiki: Vasmer, Max, cited as Fasmer, Maks (19641973), , in Etimologi eskij slovar russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the
Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Truba ev O. N., Moscow: Progress.
1965: Frae: Fraenkel, Ernst: Litauisches etymologisches Wrterbuch. Heidelberg: Winter;
1968: Bielfeld, H.H.: Russisch-deutsches Wrterbuch. Akademieverlag Berlin (Ost). 6. durchgesehene Auflage. 60 000 Stichwrter/entries.
1968-1973: Ku: Kuraitis, Aleksandras: Litauisch-deutsches Wrterbuch : Thesaurus linguae lituanicae. Hrsg. von Wilhelm Wissmann und Erich Hofmann. Unter Mitw. von Armin Kurschat und Hertha Krick. Gttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
1985: Mel: : . 7 ./ . - . . . ; . . . ( .), . . , . . . .: . , 1985. /
1992: Kr: Kriinauskas, Juozas A.: Vokieiuu -lietuviuu kalbuu odynas = Deutsch-litauisches Wrterbuch. Vilnius : Mokslas.
1999: er: en.wiki: ernyx, P. Ja.: , in Istoriko-etimologieskij slovar russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint, Moscow: Russkij
2008: Der.: Derksen, Rick: Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 978 90 04 15504 6, page 500. ISBN 978 90 04 15504 6
Indic, Avestan (Y: Young-Avestan, as marked in Blaek (pers. e-mail of jan, 2012))
1891: CC: Cappeller, Carl A Sanskrit-English dictionary Bostin, Ginn and Co., regrettably used to compile the unreliable ewy.
1961: Burrow, T and M.B. Emeneau: A Dravidian etymological dictionary. [BSOAS 26-02]. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961. DEDR, Incorporated in Drat.
1962-1966: Tu : Turner, R. L. (Ralph Lilley), Sir. A comparative dictionary of Indo-Aryan languages. London: Oxford University Press. Includes three supplements of 1969-1985. Incorporated in M.Mayrhofer,
1969: Schindler, J. Die idg. Worter fur 'Vogel' und 'Ei'. Die Sprache 15: 144-67.
1987: SV: Sharma, Aryendra / Vermeer, Hans J.: Hindi-deutsches Wrterbuch. Heidelberg, Julius Groos Verlag, 2. Aufl. Unreliable: Refer too frequently to Skt. word, not contained in Pokorny, nor Mayrhofer.
1993: MG: McGregor, R.S, ed. The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, Oxford university press. 1993 (indirectly via ewS).
1992-2001:Mh: Mayrhofer, Manfred: Etymologisches Wrterbuch des Altindoarischen. Heidelberg: Winter. I(1992), II(1996), III(2001). M: in citations from SV, for outdated Mayrhofer KEWA.
2000: St = Starostin. His list differs in some point from the the specifying descriptions in Swadesh 1952-5 (for he gives burn as transitive, instead of intransitive), and the final Version of Swadesh 1971, for he gives breast instead of the plural.
2000: Wit: Michael Witzel, Harvard Univ. The home of the Aryans.pdf; via http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2008/114
2001: Lub01: Lubotsky, Alexander: The Indo-Iranian Substratum. In: Carpelan, Christian; Parpola, Asko; Koskikallio, Petteri (Eds), EARLY CONTACTS BETWEEN URALIC AND INDO-EUROPEAN: LINGUISTIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seura, Helsinki, Finland,
2001.
2003: MW: Monier Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, via URL http://faculty.washington.edu/prem/mw/u.html, state of 03/27/2003. Or, http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/mwquery/ (2008).
2006: Skj: Skjaervo, Prods Oktor. Old Avestan index.pdf, via http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/OldAvestan/. With sources/references!
2010: BH: Vclav Blaek & Irn Hegeds: ON THE POSITION OF NURISTANI WITHIN INDO-IRANIAN. pdf.
cont: Lub(otsky) via URL http://www.indo-european.nl/ied/index.html (Since mid of 2011 no longer accessible); his encodings are extremely difficultly to retrieve. I have not found the meaning all, neither as match substring, nor match beginning; best worked IE meaning, and page Pokorny. The reason for many
missing words is given in Lubotsky 2001, namely that he is not sure about their IE origin. The Starostin Font is no good idea, because it is extremely difficult to type and compatible with nothing.
cont: VeN: http://vedabase.net/. With attestations!
cont: Who: http://worterbuch-deutsch.com/worterbuch-deutsch-hindi.html
cont: DraSt: Dravidian etymological database via http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=\data\drav\dravet, Compiled by George Starostin on the basis of the Dravidian Etymological Dictionary by T. Burrow and M. B.
Emeneau, with extensive modifications of the existing reconstruction and various new comments from the compiler. The database is quite detailed, with a large subset of subordinate etymologies for various
cont: SO: http://www.sanskrita.org/wiki/index.php/. (Explanations to Monier-Williams)
cont: sa: http://dictionary.sensagent.com/ for possible loan sources as e.g. Persian.
cont: SH: Jonathan Slocum and Scott L. Harvey: Avestan: English Meaning Index at http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/aveol-EI-X.html of jan, 2012
cont: :bbl: http://en.bab.la/dictionary/hindi-english/ in both directions, often false English, good only noticed as {noun}!).
cont: ewS: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Hindi_Swadesh_list. In spite of being sometimes based on the well-known work of McGregor (1993), the Hindi translations are often unreliable and had to be crosschecked.
cont: ewy: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/??Hindi, for many Hindi etymologies, which appears to be archaizing. The Sanskrit is too often based on the outdated -> Cappeller, Carl A Sanskrit-English dictionary Bostin, Ginn and Co., 1891, or Monier-Williams 1898/9.
cont: glo: http://glosbe.com/en/hi/ tries to give options with context, often gives en.wiktionary as source, which itself, however, gives other translations! glo+, if confirmed by correct context sentence.
cont: hiw = hi.wikipedia: In cases, where the primary Hindi term was questionably, a shift from the main entry in de/en.wiki to hi.wiki could settle the situation, e.g. for liver (Regrettably not the etymology).
Unusable, or not recommended sources, because too ambiguous or mistaken:
- The above abbreviation bbl must not be mixed up with Babylon (http://uebersetzung.babylon.com/deutsch/hindi/), where I encountered completely nonsense translations, e.g. for full: unusable!
- C|net2- English-Hindi: Too ambiguous, no context for Hindi lexemes. Moreover, that program is resistant to uninstall.
- http://www.shabdkosh.com/s?e=good&f=0&t=0&l=hi is subdivided into noun and adjective and includes pronunciation, but gives no context.
Tocharian:
Primary source:
1999: Adams, Douglas Q.: A dictionary of Tocharian B. [Leiden Studies in Indo-European 10]. Amsterdam/Atlanta GA: Rodopi. Per http://ieed.ullet.net/tochB.html. With page numbers. Verbs as root.
G(rundverb); K(on/subjunctive).
Complementary sources:
1991: Haarmann, Harald: Basic aspects of language in human relations : toward a general theoretical framework [Contributions to the sociology of language ; 59 ]. Berlin [u.a.] : Mouton de Gruyter, p232.
1998: Hkon, Ernst (Ed.), Language Change; Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics. [Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 14]. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin. p87: "According to Laroche, in his onomastical
study of 1966, the movement of Luwians from what the Hittites calle the Low Country towards the capital was of massive size and the Hittite people became slowly Luwianized."
2002: (Rn) = Ringe, Don, 2002: The Indo-European word lists. The parallel wordlists of 24 oIndo-European (IE) languages used in the Ringe, Warnow, Taylor 2002 paper (PDF), as available at
www.cs.rice.edu,~nakhley,CPHL,. oInternal date 2007-07-05. Containing 421 concepts.
2002(?): (RiS) = Ringe Screened IE dataset without date, still on http://www.cs.rice.edu,~nakhleh,CPHL, as 2011-08-16. (low standard)
2010: Malzahn, Melanie: The Tocharian Verbal System. Brill
2011: Blazek, Tocharian Studies
2012: (Mal) =Malzahn, Melanie. The second one to branch off? The Tocharian lexicon revisited. Handout from Etymology and the European lexicon. 14 th Fachtagung of the Indogermanische Gesellschaft,
Kopenhagen, Sept 2012.
cont: Mal =Malzahn, Melanie, A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CETM) A continued edition of Tocharian material: URL http://www.univie.ac.at/tocharian/?conference
cont.: Slocum_Jonathan; Krause_Todd_B : Tocharian online: English meaning index. http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/txbol-EI-X.html
cont.: Wiktionary as of http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Tocharian_B_Swadesh_list. Most links are empty, and if not, there are ad-hoc etymologies without any references. The author Ivan tambuk has copied
exclusively from Ringe. (low standard)