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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyses, and interprets the data gathered

by the researchers.

1. Applicable proportion of mixing mussel shells to concrete

hollow blocks

In order to determine the correct proportion of mixing

mussel shells to concrete hollow blocks, two samples were made.

The two trials were subjected to the standard compressive test

method for compressive strength of concrete hollow blocks

specimens at Nueva Ecija Construction Materials Testing Center

(NEMATEC) in Brgy. Bantug Norte, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija and

used ASTM C129 - Specification for Hollow Non-Load-Bearing

Concrete Masonry Units. The blocks had dimensions of 123mm x

400mm x 200mm (W x L x H). The mixture of the ordinary concrete

hollow block was considered. Then, the researchers added mussel

shells to the mixture. Table 1 and Table 2 show the results of

test.

It can be seen on Figure 4 that mussel shells were gathered

for experiment. Two sets of mussels were used these shells were

cleaned and dried. The second set of shells was crushed that was

used for the other specimen.


Figure 3

Figure 4

The blocks had dimensions of 124mm x 400mm x 200mm (W x L x

H). The ratio that the researchers used was 1:2 for cement and

sand.

2. Comparison of concrete hollow block with mussel shells with

that of ordinary concrete hollow block

2.1 Compressive Strength. In Figure 5, the researchers used and

ordinary concrete hollow block. In Figure 6, about 20 pieces of

whole mussel shells were added and properly arranged along the

middle section of concrete hollow block. In Figure 7, crushed

mussel shells were added in mixture.

Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7


TABLE 1

Compressive Strength for 7th Day of Curing

Sample I.D. Width Length Height Maximum Maximum Maximim


(mm) (mm) (mm) Load Load Load
(kN) (psi) (MPa)
CHB with
Whole Mussel 124 400 200 69.40 401 2.76
Shells
CHB with
Crushed 124 400 200 75.85 439 3.03
Mussel
Shells

TABLE 2

Compressive Strength for 14th Day of Curing

Sample I.D. Width Length Height Maximum Maximum Maximim


(mm) (mm) (mm) Load Load Load
(kN) (psi) (MPa)
CHB with
Whole Mussel 124 400 200 108.83 629 4.34
Shells
CHB with
Crushed 124 400 200 115.60 669 4.61
Mussel
Shells

Table 1 and Table 2 shows how samples were analyzed,

experimented and tested. It can be seen from the tables that the

concrete hollow block with crushed mussel shells was stronger

than concrete hollow block with whole mussel shells.


Clustered Compressive Strength (psi)

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

7th-day Compressive Strength 14th-day Compressive Strength

Figure 8

Comparison of Compressive Strength

2.2 Block Density. For the given specimen, it is important that

the researchers determine its density. Blocks with at least lower

density tend to reduce dead load of a structure. Through this,

the data for building description according to seismic analysis

will be an aid in their design.

The samples were weighed in kilograms (kg) and the measured

dimensions were converted in meters (m) to avoid miscalculation

of its density.
m kg
Density,
= in
V m3

The researchers measured the mass of samples using weighing

scale, and the dimension were measured using caliper to attain

precise measurement. The results were tabulated in Table 3 and

illustrated in Figure 9.

TABLE 3

Comparison of Block Density

Mass of Block Density


Sample I.D. Sample (kg) Volume (m )
3
(kg/m3)

Ordinary CHB 5.21 x 10-3

CHB with Whole 10.00 5.21 x 10-3 1919.386


Mussel Shells

CHB with 10.25 5.21 x 10-3 1967.370


Crushed Mussel
Shells
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0 Block Density kg/m

Figure 9

Comparison of Block Density

I In Table 3, it can be seen that concrete hollow block with

crushed mussel shells has a higher block density compared to

other 2 samples.

2.3 Water Absorption. Water absorption is the ratio of the weight

of water absorbed by a material to the dry weight of said

material. All organic polymeric materials will absorb moisture to

some extent resulting in swelling, dissolving, leaching,

plasticizing and/or hydrolyzing. Events in which can result in

discoloration, embrittlement, loss of mechanical and electrical


properties, lower resistance to heat and weathering and stress

cracking.

In Table 4, it is also shown that the SAMPLE NAME has the

least percentage of water absorption compared to other two

samples. The results of this test were given at Table 4 and

illustrated in Figure 10.

The results revealed that the lower the water absorption of

the concrete hollow block, the stronger the resistance to water

leakage and prevention to weather condition.

TABLE 4

Water Absorption

Wet Mass Dry Mass Water


Sample I.D. (kg) (kg) Absorption
(%)

Ordinary CHB

CHB with Whole 10.00


Mussel Shells

CHB with 10.25


Crushed Mussel
Shells
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0 Water Absorption (%)

Figure 10

Comparison of Water Absorption

3. Sufficiency of the Mussel Shell to the demand on the

production of concrete hollow blocks

Production of mussel shell in the Philippines is everywhere.

They have

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