Contactor y Relevador

I.
CONTROL
CIRCUIT AND
POWER CIRCUIT
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cole.celestino/motor control fundamentals 1
16
POWER CIRCUIT AND CONTROL CIRCUIT
POWER CIRCUIT- is a circuit used to supply electric energy to the motor.
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POWER CIRCUIT AND CONTROL CIRCUIT
CONTROL CIRCUIT- is a circuit used to supply control components in the
motor control circuit.
CONTROL
CIRCUIT
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II. LADDER
DIAGRAM AND
LOGIC
EQUIVALENTS
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LADDER DIAGRAM
LADDER DIAGRAM- is a specialized schematics used to document industrial logic
system.
They are called "ladder"

diagrams because they
resemble a ladder, with two
vertical rails (supply power)
and as many "rungs"
(horizontal lines) as there are
control circuits to represent.
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LADDER DIAGRAM
Advantages:
1. Capable of simplifying complicated motor control circuits compare to
schematic diagrams.
VS.
=
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LADDER DIAGRAM
Advantages:
2. Easy to trace faults.
System start/stop
Float control
motor starter
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LADDER DIAGRAM
Advantages:
3. Easy to translate with logical circuits for advance applications
such as in PLC, process control automation, embedded intelligent
systems and SCADA.
PB1
PL = PB1* PB2 PL
PB2
PB1
PL
PL = PB1 + PB2 PB2
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LADDER DIAGRAM
HOW TO CREATE A LADDER DIAGRAM
+24VDC 0V
VERTICAL
RAILS
COMPONENTS
RUNG
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RULES IN LADDER DIAGRAM
Input
Output
Auxiliary
contact
Input determines the initial state of the system.
Output functions either ON/OFF depending on the logic of the input
combination.
Auxiliary contact is dependent to the state of the device that they are
into. It changes its initial state from close to open or vice versa once
the device is activated
RUN SIMULATION04-Aug-
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III. MOTOR
CONTROL
COMPONENTS AND
PROTECTION
cole.celestino/motor control fundamentals
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MOTOR CONTROL COMPONENTS
SWITCH
Switch is an electrical device that can break and connect an
electrical circuit, as well as interrupting the flow of current or divert
it from one conductor to the other.
Types of switches typically
used in motor control
applications:
1. Pushbutton switch
2. Limit switch
3. Selector switch
4. Footswitch
5. Toggle switch
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MOTOR CONTROL COMPONENTS
MAGNETIC CONTACTOR
main contacts
Supply
terminals
Auxiliary
A magnetic contactor is an contact(s)
electrically controlled switch
used for switching a power
circuit. It has main contacts
used for power circuit and
auxiliary contact used for
control circuit.
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MAGNETIC CONTACTOR
Control circuit
RUN SIMULATION
Power circuit
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CONTROL RELAY
A relay is an
electrically operated
switch. The principle of
operation is similar to
that of the contactor
but differs in
application.
While contactor is used

to control motors.
Control relay on the
other hand is used to
control the operation of
other control
components
particularly
cole.celestino/motor control fundamentalsthe
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16
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magnetic contactor.
CONTROL RELAY
Magnetic contactor
B C
In PLC application the

voltage that activates
V1 and V2 is coming
from the PLC. The
circuit is transitioned
When terminals V1 and V2 are from PLC to magnetic
energized the initial state of contactor via control
relays for safety
each contacts will change purposes. Although
accordingly. From close to open possible, it is not
technically practical to
and vice versa. wire directly magnetic
contactor to PLC since
cole.celestino/motor control fundamentals a large feedback
04-Aug- AC
17
current from 16 the
contactor circuit may
harm the PLC unit.
TIMER
Relay timer contains an auxiliary

contacts NO and NC that can be
integrated into motor control
circuits. The initial state of its
contact will change when activated
after pre-determined value.
The timer unit can be set into
seconds or minutes depending on the
application requirements.
For longer and iterative tasks, real
time timers are available.
RUN SIMULATION
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THERMAL OVERLOAD RELAY
Line
terminals
Thermal overload relay is reset

an electrical component Set value dial
used in motor control
applications which
provide protection for
motor against excessive
current.
Auxiliary contact(s)
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Principles of operation:
This component has a bimetal As current rises, heat also

strip that is made of two rises. The hotter the bimetal
dissimilar metals bonded strip becomes, the more it
together. The two metals have bends. In an overload
different thermal expansion condition, the heat generated
characteristics, so the bimetal from the heater will cause the
strip bends at a given rate bimetal strip to bend until the
when heated. mechanism is tripped, stopping
the motor. 04-Aug-
16
Typical set-up of contactor and overload relay
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Characteristics:
1. Allow harmless temporary overloads (such as
motor starting) without disrupting the circuit.
2. Trip and open a circuit if current is high

enough to cause motor damage over a period of
time.
3. Can be reset once the overload is removed.

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ELECTRONIC OVERCURRENT RELAY
(EOCR)
Electronic overcurrent
relay is used to protect
the motor against
overload.
Unlike thermal overload Typical installation diagram for EOCR
relay this component
uses current to trigger
once there is overload.
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OVER/ UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
This component protects

the motor against over
voltage and under voltage Typical installation diagram for
situation. over/under voltage protection
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PHASE LOSS/ PHASE
SEQUENCE RELAY
In 3-phase system, phase loss
Is the event when one or two
phases is/are disconnected in
the main supply. Phase
sequence on the other hand
is when two of the phases are
interchanged resulting to a
reverse rotation of a 3-phase
motor.
Phase control relays monitor:
Phase sequence Phase loss is mandatory
Loss of one or more phases protection to every motor
Unbalance level operation. Phase sequence is
for selective purposes only
such as pumps that reversing
the motor 04-Aug-
direction may
cole.celestino/motor control fundamentals
cause serious damage
16 to25the
equipment.
TRANSMITTER, TRANSDUCER AND SENSOR IN MOTOR CONTROL
Transmitter, transducer and sensor sometimes used interchangeably in

industrial applications. It may simply called sensor, detector or switch.
This devices can be integrated in motor control systems to facilitate
the function of the motor in any industrial processes.
Depending upon the nature of requirements and device
specification these components can be installed individually,
composite or can be installed with the aid of the other.
Commonly integrated in motor control applications are:
1. Temperature controller
2. Pressure transmitter
3. Humidity sensor
4. Gas leak detector
5. Proximity switch
6. Light sensor
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WORKING WITH TRANSMITTERS
IN MOTOR CONTROL
Example of composite system where two separate devices are
integrated together to perform the desired function.
Example: The specs indicate that the controller needs PT100 type thermocouple to
operate
Example of stand-alone unit.
Example: A photo sensor that is commonly used in street

lightings that can also be used in motor control applications
can be installed stand alone.
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TRANSMITTERS AND SENSORS
IN MOTOR CONTROL
Input in its raw form

such as:
- Temperature
INPU The controller
- Pressure T will Discrete output
- Light OUTPU
- Color process the T
such as NO and
- Moisture
detected signal NC contacts
INPU
These inputs are T and transformed
detected by the sensor
and to be carried out as
it into an output OUTPU Analogue output
electrical signals: in the form of T such as 4-20 mA
INPU and 0-10 volts
discrete or
- Temperature sensor T
- Pressure transmitter analogue.
- Gas leak detector
- Smoke sensor
Theoretical background
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IV. SOLID STATE
MOTOR CONTROL
AND PLC
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Motor Control Using
Solid State Relays
Solid state relay- A solid state relay (SSR) is an electronic
switching device in which a small control signal controls a
larger load current or voltage.
Small electronic 48 VAC supply

signal input
Control relay
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PRINCIPLE OF SOLID STATE RELAY
(optocoupler)
Light from the source can change the initial state of a

phototransistor
The same with optocouplers when a small voltage signal is present it would
activate the LED and change the state of phototransistor
04-Aug- in the dual-in-line
package 16
PRINCIPLE OF SOLID STATE RELAY
(Silicon Controlled Rectifiers)
AC supply
In the normal "off" state, the

device restricts current to the
leakage
When the current.
gate-to-cathode voltage
exceeds a certain threshold, the
device turns "on" and conducts
current.
The device will remain in the "on"
state even after gate current is
removed so long as current through
the device remains above the
holding current. Once current falls
below the holding current for an
appropriate period of time, the
device will switch "off". If the gate
is pulsed and the current through
the device is below the holding
current, the device will remain in
the "off" state.
Control relay
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PROGRAMMABE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
(PLC)
A PLC can receive
supervisory information,
such as production
changes or scheduling
information, from a
host computer. A
standard I/O system
includes a variety of
digital, analog, and
special interface
modules, which allow
sophisticated control
without the use of
expensive, customized
interface electronics.
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SOLID STATE MOTOR CONTROL PROCESS FLOW
The program is
*SOFTWARE downloaded to
PLC or
*FIRMWARE microcontroller
*PROGRAM
The motor will

operate based
on the above MICRO-
ELECTRIC The PLC or
operations. CONTROLLER,
MOTOR microcontroller
PLC,
will process the
instructions
received.
The action of the relay

will control the MAGNETIC CONTROL For every logic true a
operation of the CONTACTOR RELAY small voltage signal is
magnetic contactor. received by the control
relay from the PLC. That
04-Aug- signal will then control
16 its action.
APPLICATION OF SOLID STATE
MOTOR CONTROL
Problem:
From the headquarter to the pumping

station the management wanted to have
override control on the operation of
their pump motor. The headquarter is 20
km away from the pumping station.
Using copper wires is technically
impractical and using fiber optics is
financially unfeasible.
FEEDBAC
K
SIGNALS
CONTROLLER,
TRANSDUCER AND
TRANSMITTER
SENSOR
DETECTION
04-Aug-
16

Contactor y Relevador

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I.

They are called "ladder"

While contactor is used

In PLC application the

Relay timer contains an auxiliary

Thermal overload relay is reset

This component has a bimetal As current rises, heat also

Typical set-up of contactor and overload relay

2. Trip and open a circuit if current is high

3. Can be reset once the overload is removed.

This component protects

Transmitter, transducer and sensor sometimes used interchangeably in

Example: A photo sensor that is commonly used in street

Input in its raw form

Small electronic 48 VAC supply

Light from the source can change the initial state of a

In the normal "off" state, the

The motor will

The action of the relay

From the headquarter to the pumping

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