REVERSE ENGINEERING

A NEW TREND IN MANUFACTURING

GEORGE MICHAEL SAMSON

P.M.GOPAL
ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGHOSUR

With the significant capital investment in new equipment being placed into out years, more
systems need to be maintained in their present condition for longer periods of time. There are often
gaps in the technical support information needed to maintain a system built from older designs
using outmoded or updated techniques or materials. In some situations, designers give a shape to
their ideas by using clay, plaster, wood, or foam rubber, but a CAD model is needed to enable the
manufacturing of the part. As products become more organic in shape, designing in CAD may be
challenging or impossible. There is no guarantee that the CAD model will be acceptably close to
the sculpted model. Reverse engineering provides a solution to this problem because the physical
model is the source of information for the CAD model. This is also referred to as the part-to-CAD
process.

"Reverse Engineering is the process of taking a finished product and reconstructing design
data in a format from which new parts or molds can be produced."
-The Society of Manufacturing Engineers

Today, reverse engineering is seen as the fastest way of translating the dimensions of a
physical model or shape into the digital realm so that where manufacturing, machining, or repair
plans can be written for it. In concept, it is fairly simple. Some of the other advantages and features
of the reverse engineering are explained in the below paper.
 DESIGN OF AIR STRIPPERS FOR THE TREATMENT OF
WASTE WATER
GANDHI KUMAR
GOWTHAMKUMAR.R
MEPCO SCHLENK ENGG COLLEGE

In his modern world, wastewater treatment has become an essential one. In the waste water,
there are foul gases like ammonia, carbon dioxide; hydrogen sulphide, etc are present. To remove
the volatile gases, there are many treatment methods like aeration, activated sludge process,
trickling filter, air stripping method, oxidation methods, etc are available. The above treatment
methods are more efficient in volatile organic compound removal. Among the various treatment
methods, air stripping method is being very effective and reliable. The Air stripping is a
technology that uses an air stripper for VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) removal from waste
water by increasing the surface area of the contaminated water that is exposed to air. Air strippers
are used to remove VOCs from liquid (waste water) by providing contact between the liquid and
gas (air). Then air may then be released to the atmosphere or treated to remove the VOCs and
subsequently released to the atmosphere. In the air stripper, the removal of ammonia theoretical
efficiency is 98% achieved. This project discusses about packed column Air Stripper treatment
process used to remove the ammonia from the waste water that is coming out from the area having
a population of 1000 members.
 ALTERNATIVE FUEL [EMULSIFIED ETHANOL]
VINOTH KUMAR.S - RAMESH.S
BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
SATHYAMANGALAM

At the end of this century its believed that there must be scarcity for petroleum products.
More over that, we are seeking to control the emission by finding alternative source of fuels.
Another reason in the fact that a large percentage of crude oil must be imported from other
countries. By considering the cost point of view it is a significant factor. So we must go for a
various options of using fuel.
Among the various options, Ethanol, an alcohol seems to be a most promising option for
countries like India because of its availability from agriculture products. Alcohol can be used in
diesel engines in following ways.
One method is injection of ethanol with inlet air using carburetion or electronic injection system
and other is emulsion of diesel and ethanol. And also enable a reduction in exhaust NOX, smoke
and particulate matter.

ALTERNATE FUELS
R.MOHANRAJ P.NANDAGOPAL
BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SATHYAMANGALAM
Considering that we live in a very mobile society, it's probably safe to assume that you
have. While pumping gas, you've undoubtedly noticed how much the price of gas has soared in
recent years. Gasoline, which has been the main source of fuel for the history of cars, is becoming
more and more expensive and impractical (especially from an environmental standpoint). But cost
is not the only problem with using gasoline as our primary fuel. It is also damaging to the
environment, and since it is not a renewable resource, it will eventually run out. These factors are
leading car manufacturers to develop cars fueled by alternative energies. One possible alternative
is the air-powered car. There are at least two ongoing projects that are developing a new type of
car that will run on compressed air. One among them is the evolution Cars.
After more than thirty years experience with combustion engines, the French
engineer Guy Negre has developed a concept of a totally non-polluting engine for use in urban
areas. This invention, which uses high pressure (300 bar) compressed air to store the energy
needed for running the engine. When the air is injected into the cylinder chamber, it expands to
provide motive power. Oddly, the problem with a conventional four-stroke engine is that
compression, combustion and expansion all take place in a single cylinder. But here the engine
divides these functions into a three-chamber system, with one cylinder for compression, a small
chamber for combustion and a much larger cylinder for expansion.
Zero Pollution Motors is also working on a hybrid version of their engine that can run
on traditional fuel in combination with air. Mono-energy engine have demonstrated the viability of
the new concept, the air and fuel, bi-energy, engine will be introduced to major car manufacturers
ordertostudyitsadaptation for their common models.

POWER ASSISTED GEAR SHIFTING MECHANISM

S.BALAMURUGAN J.HARIHARAN, I RTT, EROIDE
 This paper is based on the project Power Assisted Gear Shifting Mechanism for
Automobiles. This is a design, fabrication and implementation project. The passenger cars that
now ply on the road have transmission either of manual or automatic type of gear changing. The
manual type of transmission is preferred for the perfect performance without a loss in power but a
compromise for comfort ness. In this type automatic system of power transmission there is
easiness of gear shifting but there is a definite loss of power and mileage. The main objective of
this project is to create a mechanism to reduce the inconvenience caused when changing gears in
the car.
The gear shifting here is by mere pressing of feather touch buttons present on the dash
board. The gear shifting is by hydraulic force achieved by a simple modification to the gear box.
This is a versatile pack, simple and can be fitted to any car equipped with hydraulic power
steering. The setup consists of power steering pump, piston cylinder assembly and a set of fluid
valves. This project if implemented is a clear alternative for the Automatic transmission because of
its low cost and ease of use. Moreover the whole set up is small and requires a very small space.
This can sure be a standard fitment if proper marketing strategy is carried out. Further, automatic
clutch can be incorporated with this unit to make it fully automatic.

DESIGN OF SELF INFLATION OF TIRES

ARUL PRAKASH.C
HARIHARASUDHAN.M
ADHIYAMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,HOSUR

Properly inflated tires are required for good performance of the vehicle. Self inflation is a growing
field in military vehicles, but it is not popular among the commercial vehicles.
In this paper, we have designed a self inflation system for the commercial vehicle tires. The
inflation system is very compact such that it could be fitted with the wheel itself. The system
consists of an air compressor, air tank, pressure sensor and electronic indicators.
The pressure sensor constantly checks for the pressure drop in the tire and maintains the
required pressure. The compressor is so compact and it can be controlled manually by the user.
 The increase in rolling resistance of the vehicle due to under inflation is calculated and
analyzed. We have implemented our own design of self inflation system and calculated the
compressor power.
Thus by this concept we can maintain perfect tire pressure and save fuel in commercial
vehicles, as the military vehicles does with self inflation system.

MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
V.SUDHA,
R.SOWMYADEVI,
K.S.R. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) integrate mechanical and electrical components and

have feature sizes ranging from micrometers to millimeters. They may be fabricated using
methods similar to those used to construct integrated circuits.
Methods similar to those used to construct integrated circuits. This is a small presentation about
MEMS technology that includes applications, fabrication techniques and advantages over
nanotechnology..
MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon-based
microelectronics with micromachining technology, making possible the realization of complete
systems-on-a-chip. MEMS research has a strong history of developing revolutionary devices,
including fully-compliant bitable mechanisms, thermal actuators and piezoresistive sensors
MEMS surgical robots can be used in biology to study the Human body and treat disease by
sending nanobot through the blood stream
We will see about its uses, applications such as mems microphone, piezoresistance, biofuel cells,
flow sensors, accelerometers, etc..
MEMS has a huge scope on robotics at nano scale where MEMS enabled devices like
Accelerators, Oscillators,etc. form the basic components of the nano robot.
 ADVANCED TRENTS IN AUTOMOBIL ENGINEERING
ROTATING CYLINDER VALVE ENGINE
N.CHAKKARAVARTHY
K.R.PADMANAABAN
M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINNRING

In present day global environment four stroke spark ignition engine are widely used in
automotives and aircraft application etc, over the last one century, engines continued to develop as
our knowledge of engine processes has increased. In existing competitive automotive scenario, the
demand for high performance engine has grown. So the recent research of development in
automotive field gives emphasis to improve thee efficiency and engine performance.
In order to meet the existing demand to increase the efficiency of the existing engine, a
modification of the valve system in existing engine is done. This paper reviews the performance of
the modified engine, termed as RCV engine (ROTATING CYLINDER VALVE ENGINE) with
the existing engine. The numerical computer simulation done with RCV engine, shown
considerable increase in efficiency and performance of engine compared with the existing engine.

NANO ROBOTS IN MEDICAL FIELD

G.PARTHIBAN M.MATHIVANAN
THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
The objective would be the rapid elimination of disease and quick, painless recovery from physical
trauma. Medical nanorobots might also make possible the correction of genetic defects, and help
us to live much longer, healthier lives. Somewhat more controversially, medical nanorobots could
also be used to augment natural human capabilities, aiding in memory, sight, etc. Also, the safety
and effectiveness of medical nanorobots will depend upon their ability to coexist within the body.
Teams around the world are working on creating the first practical medical nanorobot. Robots
ranging from a millimeter in diameter to a relatively hefty two centimeters long already exist,
though they are all still in the testing phase of development and haven't been used on people. We're
probably several years away from seeing nanorobots enter the medical market. Today's
microrobots are just prototypes that lack the ability to perform medical tasks. In the future,
nanorobots could revolutionize medicine. Doctors could treat everything from heart disease to
cancer using tiny robots the size of bacteria, a scale much smaller than today's robots. Robots
might work alone or in teams to eradicate disease and treat other conditions. Some believe that
semiautonomous nanorobots are right around the corner -- doctors would implant robots able to
patrol a human's body, reacting to any problems that pop up. Unlike acute treatment, these robots
would stay in the patient's body forever. Another potential future application of nanorobot
technology is to re-engineer our bodies to become resistant to disease, increase our strength or
even improve our intelligence. Once they are created, scientists believe tiny nanorobots will be the
answer to many serious conditions and diseases. Small enough to slip into the blood stream,
nanorobots will treat and find disease, and restore lost tissue at the cellular level. The topic on
medical application deals with nanorobots function, ness city and their future that is sometimes
questioned. However the answers to these questions have been successfully dealt with in the

REFRIGERATION AND AIRCONDITIONING

Emmanual.L, Manikandan. S
HINDUSTAN COLLEGE OF ENGG. AND TECH., COIMBATORE-32,

This article presents new trends in the area of automobile air conditioning, which is fast
becoming standard equipment. Attention is focused on the refrigerant and ventilation circuit of the
air conditioning equipment, and on the control system. An analysis is presented here of a
commonly used contemporary refrigeration system working with the refrigerant R134a and a
promising transcritical refrigeration system using CO2 as a refrigerant.
Automobile air conditioning has become more and more commonplace. The air
conditioning system ensures a thermal comfort for passengers, but also contributes to the
defogging of windows and thus increases the active safety factor. Among the most significant new
trends in automobile air conditioning is the use of alternative refrigerants to replace the more usual
R134a, the use of physiologically controlled air conditioning, and multi zone air conditioning
systems. Because of its contribution to the greenhouse effect, the long-term prospects for R134a,
which has been used to the present time, are not very good. The green house effect of R134a is
higher and Global warming potential is 1200. The best candidate to replace R134a as a refrigerant
in automobile air conditioning is CO2. Because CO2 has the Global warming potential of 1. R134a
is phased out because it has GH effect 1200 times that of CO2. The refrigeration cycle functioning
under CO2 is transcritical and, due to the working pressures in the refrigeration system, some
components require special configuration. At the present time, the majority of fully automatic air
conditioning equipment used in automobiles regulates themselves based upon temperature
measurements in the area near the Driver. Evolution is toward so-called physiologically controlled
air conditioning, in which an optimum thermal microclimate is reached by means of several sets of
sensors which measure the thermal state in the automobile cabin. This form of regulation also
includes a sensor to measure pollution in the outside environment.

Keywords- R134A, R744, greenhouse effect, Tran critical, Global warming potential,
microclimate, mutizone

EMISSION CONTROL OF EXHAUST FROM AUTOMOBILE

USING ESP
M. VENKATESAN (III YEAR).
K. SANJAI (III YEAR) .
BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SATHYAMANGALAM 638401

ABSTRACT:
In present days automobile sector is developing drastically by increasing its
production, which is resulting in pollution due to the emission of exhaust gas into the environment.
Exhaust gas is a composition of green house gases which leads to global -warming .A recent report
says that the earths temperature is increasing 2deg every year. When compared with other
automobiles the exhaust gases coming from trucks/lorries are enormous in our country. In order to
control such emission Electrostatic Smoke Precipitator (ESP) technology can be implemented.
So developing and deploying innovative technology is a must in order to become efficient in
controlling emission. The idea being infused here is to control excess emission using ESP. The
sooty gas coming through the exhaust pipe is allowed to pass through the high negative charged
plate hereby the sooty particles pickup the negative charge .On moving further there are metal
plates charged to a high positive voltage. The plates are charged by the battery of the vehicle. Since
like charges attract, the negatively charged soot particles are attracted to the positively charged
plates and stick there. From time to time, the plates have to be shaken to empty away the soot; that
can be done either manually or automatically t but the vibration produced in the vehicle is
sufficient to tap out the sooty particles. Our design mainly consists of cylindrical pipe battery,
aluminium plate, copper plate and collecting duct. This paper deals with controlling the emission
using this setup.

MULTI-POLE SWITCH WITH APPLIANCE INDICATION

R. KALIDAS
G.CHANDRASEKARAN
BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT:
Normally in day to day life, the appliances which we use are becoming much
simpler. Switch is one kind of the appliance which is made simpler by replacing number of similar
ones by a new design using consecutive ring method. All the devices like fan, Television, Light etc,
are controlled by individual switch. For a new person, it is difficult to identify, which switch is for
the specific electrical device. More number of switches occupies more space and so the aesthetic
appearance of the wall is reduced. Normally the switch buttons are pressed many times wrongly to
switch on a particular device correctly which reduces the life of the switches. During this kind of
usage, energy is also wasted.
In order to control the devices in an easy way without any confusion, a single switch with rotor
mechanism is designed by which the normal switch is optimized. Using this new design, the switch
for the specific device can be easily identified with less dissipation of energy. These single switch
mechanisms are very useful during night times, since the rotor can be easily turned, we can easily
identify the power supply to the specific device after which the desired device can be switched on.
This increases the life of the switch. These switches will be more useful in the places where the
switch requires more life.

Keywords: Appliances, design, switch, device, rotor mechanism, power etc.

PERISTALTIC SELF INFLATING SYSTEM

K.V.SURIYAKUMAR,
T.SIVAKUMAR.
KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Abstract:
Nowadays safety aspects are becoming a main contributor for the marketing of new
hi-speed cars one such type of innovative technology is peristaltic self inflating tyre system

Peristaltic Self-Inflating Tyre System (PSITS) is based on the peristaltic pump

principle. This system is designed in order to constantly maintain the tyre pressure thereby
improving safety of an automobile in times of emergency caused by perforation (by nails, screws,
thorns, etc.,) or any other deformation.
The PSITS uses a valve that pulls air in from the atmosphere. It then pumps the air
into the under-inflated tyre using a peristaltic-pump action. The system consists of a thin tube that
has a peristaltic part and a reservoir part, which has constant volume.
Keywords:
Self-inflation, peristaltic pump, peristaltic part, reservoir part,
Total tube volume, critical pressure, etc.,
 RAPID PROTOTYPING FOR INTERACTIVE ROBOTS
L.SIBI VISHNU, N.ZEESHAN AHAMED
BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
A major problem for the development of interactive robots is the user requirement
definition, especially the requirements of the appearance and the behavior of the robot.
This paper proposes to tackle the problem using the well-known rapid prototyping method
from the software engineering, with detailed prototyping techniques adjusted for the nature of the
robots and the tactile human-robot interaction.
An increasing number of robots are being developed to directly interact
with humans. This can only be achieved by leaving the laboratories and introduce the robots to the
real world of the users. This may be at home, work or any other location that users reside. Several
interactive robots are already commercially available, such as Aibo, SDR and the products of the
iRobot company.
The great success of robotic show events, such as RoboFesta and Robodex, show that
Japanese have a vivid interest in robots and consider them as partners to humans. Their positive
attitude may be based on years of Anime cartoons, starting in the fifties with AstroBoy and later
in Ghost in the Shell in which robots safe humanity from various threats. In comparison, the
attitude of Europeans is less positive. The success of movies such as 2001 Space Odyssey,
Terminator and The Matrix shows a deep mistrust towards robots. The underlying fear is that
robots might take over control and enslave humanity.
Since the user have usually no prior experience it is impossible to simply interview them on
how they would like their robot to be. To overcome this problem we would like to propose a rapid
robotic prototyping method that directly relates to the well-known rapid software prototyping
method.
 EFFECT OF THERMAL SPRAY COATING (SIC) ON FUEL
CONSUMPTION AND EMISSION CONTROL ON IC ENGINE
P.THIRUPATHY,
S.ARUN SIDDHARTH,
PRIST UNIVERSITY,THANJAVUR

In the age of rapid industrialization, one of the biggest problems faced by the world is fuel
economy. The major components of the polluted environment are the increase of Co 2, So2 and CO
which is mainly contributed by automobile fuels. This ecological imbalance is the major hazard for
human, animals, plants and planets. According to the sources of ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas
Commission) there will be a great demand for automobile fuels due to increased rate of
consumption of fuels and an impact on necessity of providing clean air environment in coming
years. Hence there is a need arises for the automobile industry not only to find alternative fuel
sources but also to produce fuel economic and ecofriendly vehicles. Here comes the rescue of
thermal sprayed coating to solve the above problem considerably. A coating and surface
modification technology allows not only protecting the surface against hostile environments but
also improve the performance, extending the life and enhancing the appearance of materials.
Thermal spray coatings are depositions of materials which has been melted or plasticized
immediately prior to projection onto the substrate. The metal used and the application system used
vary but most applications result in thin coating applied to surface requiring improvement to their
corrosion or abrasion resistance properties. In this paper review, the thermal spray coating of I.C
engine for reducing the emission and thereby improving the efficiency of the I.C engine are
described. A two wheeler has been taken for testing and the results are analyzed with thermal spray
coating.

Key words: Fuel Consumption, Thermal spray coating, SiC, Emission Control.
 .

ELETROMAGNETIC FORMING PROCESS

P.GANESH KUMAR, D.MANOJ KUMAR

BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Sheet metal is simply metal formed into thin and flat pieces. It is one of the fundamental
forms used in metalworking, and can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes. Countless
everyday objects are constructed of the material. Thicknesses can vary significantly, although
extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are
considered plate. Sheet metal is available as flat pieces or as a coiled strip. The coils are formed by
running a continuous sheet of metal through a slitter.
The thickness of the sheet metal is called its gauge. The gauge of sheet metal ranges from
30 gauge to about 8 gauge. The higher the gauge, the thinner the metal. There are many different
metals that can be made into sheet metal, such as aluminum, brass, copper, steel, tin, nickel and
titanium. Sheet metal has applications in car bodies, airplane wings, medical tables, roofs for
buildings and many other things. Sheet metal of iron and other materials with high magnetic
permeability, also known as laminated steel cores, has applications in transformers and electric
machines.
The Electromagnetic Forming process is based on the principle of electricity. When current
is passed through a conductor, a magnetic field is set up in the conductor. If the current and the
magnetic field are changed in one conductor, then a magnetic field would be induced in other
conductor. This direction of the induced current will be such that the induced magnetic field will
oppose the one that produces it. Thus the two conductors where it is induced will get repelled due
to this force induced between them.
In this project, the low density, low weight, non-magnetic metal is used. The form block-1
has the standard dimensions. The form block-2 has same dimensions of first block but increased in
height. Height of the form block-2 depends upon the forming depth of the sheet metal. These form
blocks are place between tall bars (rails). Form block-2 has the rollers as that of train wheels.
Second form block is allowed to move upward and downward directions freely. Electromagnets
are placed below the form block-1 and above surface of form block-2. As magnetic principle says
opposites charges attracts and likes charges repels. By using the magnetic power the form blocks
are moved to obtain forming process on sheet metal block.

HYBRID SUSPENSION SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC

CONTROL
K.V. T.SIVAKUMAR
SURIYAKUMAR
KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
PERUNDURAI,ERODE-638052

Title: Electromagnetic suspension system for a seat assembly and machine using same
Abstract: A suspension system for a seat assembly of a machine includes an upper support
member and a lower support member. A pair of scissors linkages interconnects the upper and lower
support members. Each of the scissors linkages includes first and second arms pivot ably attached
at central portions thereof. An electronic controller is in communication with a pair of
electromagnetic devices positioned at first ends of the first arms. The electronic controller is
configured to energize the electromagnetic devices in response to a sensor output. (end of abstract)
EFFECT OF ETHANOL CONCENTRATION ON EMISSION FOR
THE DUAL FUEL OPERATION OF JATROPHA METHYL ESTER
AND ETHANOL IN A DIESEL ENGINE
S.GAUTHAM,
J.MIKE TYSON,
A.V.C COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ABSTRACT
The invention of automobiles nearly a century ago, was considered as the boon to our
mankind. But today, the scarcity level and the amount of pollution emitted by the automotive fuels
like diesel and gasoline are increasing day by day. In India, the expenditure on crude oil purchase
is in the range of Rs.1600 billion per year. Even though there is the availability of variety of
alternative fuels petroleum remains as the primary energy source all over the world. This scenario
has caused the hike in fuel prices and depletion of energy.
There is an urge for a complete alternative fuel to overcome the above problems and to
develop the technology for it. As a key to this idea, we are going to replace the conventional diesel
with the use of bio-diesel along with ethanol in dual fuel mode. The biodiesel produced from
jatropha is utilized for our project by considering its vast availability.
There are a number of techniques by which ethanol can be used in the direct injection
engines. The most efficient among them is fumigation. By fumigation technique, ethanol is
injected into the inlet manifold along with intake air by heating the inlet air to 75C by using a
heating coil and maintaining the temperature by using a cut-out relay and variac for controlling the
power input to the coil.
Bio-diesels generally have a greater density and viscosity than diesel. It cannot be used
directly in the I.C engines. So, its viscosity is first reduced by transesterification process. We are
using Jatropha methyl esters as a result of transesterification process of Jatropha with methanol.
In our present work, we are advancing the fuel injection timing by varying shim thickness
of fuel injecting pump. So that, we can reduce mean effective pressure inside the cylinder and also
to reduce the specific fuel consumption.
Various concentration of ethanol is fumigated into the engine like 100%, 95%, 90% and
85% along with Jatropha methyl esters. The ethanol is sent to the engine for 5% upto 25% by
volume of methyl ester as dual fuel. Various performance and emission tests are carried out for
complete combustion for reduced emission to find out the optimum concentration of ethanol.

ROBOTICS
S.SANTHOSH
T.SATHISH KUMAR
M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

It is a study of robot. A robot and the production analysis, automation, social issues, future
application, study of advantage and disadvantage of robot is named as robotics.
Robot

The term robot was derived from the English translation of a

fantasy play written in czechosolvakia. The word Czech means forced worker. A robot is a
mechanical device with links and joints, guided by sensors, driven by actuators and controlled
through a programmed software, to handle and manipulate parts, materials, tools and devices for
performing various tasks in variety of work environments.
 DIGITAL FUENDICATOR
VIGNESHWARAN R
RAJESHKUMAR K
SUGANTHAN R B
PRADEEP S
BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATHYAMANGALAM

90% of the people today use two wheelers or four wheelers.

Their problem is the price of petrol and diesel.
Today the cost of 1 litre petrol is Rs.62.99
In such circumstances, they wish to reduce the amount of fuel consumption.
Before that they want to know the amount of fuel level in the tank.

THERMAL POWER PLANTS FOR EMERGENCY SERVICE

S.ARASU
THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE.

Abstract
A Major interruption of the electric supply in a city of any importance is nowadays
attended with disastrous consequences. The provision of some reserve source of power, capable of
supplying the vital services at least, is therefore imperative when such failures can occur. The main
causes of failures are breakdowns of transmission lines, strikes or enemy bombardment. A paper
read by Mr. Hvistendahl on November 10 to the Institution of Electrical Engineers distinguishes
between the different classes of service to be furnished by stand-by plants. Descriptions are given
of automatic and semiautomatic stand-by plants used in towns in Norway and Sweden. Although
unthinkable a few years ago, the bomb-proof emergency service station is now a grim reality.
Sandbags provide some protection against fragments of stray shells or bombs; but they are little
use against repeated attacks from the air, and a large steam-power station is an easily located
target. This has led to the construction in several countries of the Continent of bomb-proof stand-
by power plants for the essential services in towns or districts or for supplying the power
requirements of munition factories. These plants are either of the surface or of the underground
type. The plan of a station for an output of 10,000 kw. is shown located in a tunnel cut into the face
of a cliff. The turbo-set, boiler and tanks containing sufficient fuel for 7-10 days' service, and the
auxiliary starting set, are accommodated in a gallery about 150 ft. long and of about the section of
a normal double-track railway tunnel. When ground conditions are not favourable to such a
disposition, or the danger of flooding exists, a station of the surface type is adopted, with roof and
walls of reinforced concrete about 4 ft. thick, having

ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

R.DHINAKARAN& S.JOTHINATHAN
MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RASIPURAM

ABSTRACT
Biomass is the largest renewable energy source in the world. Its importance grows
gradually in the future energy market. Since most biomass sources are low in energy density and
are widespread in space, small-scale biomass conversion system is therefore more competitive than
a large stand-alone conversion plant. The current study proposes a small-scale solid biomass power
system to explore the viability of direct coupling of an updraft fixed bed gasifier with a Stirling
engine. The modified updraft fixed bed gasifier employs an embedded combustor inside the
gasifier to fully combust the synthetic gas generated by the gasifier. The flue gas produced by the
synthetic gas combustion inside the combustion tube is piped directly to the heater head of the
Stirling engine. The engine will then extract and convert the heat contained in the flue gas into
electricity automatically. Output depends on heat input. And, the heat input is proportional to the
flow rate and temperature of the flue gas. The preliminary study of the proposed direct coupling of
an updraft gasifier with a 25kW Stirling engine demonstrates that full power output could be
produced by the current system. It could be found from the current investigation that no auxiliary
fuel is required to operate the current system Smoothly. The proposed technology and units could
be considered as a viable solid biomass power system.

COAL MINE DETECT AND RESCUE ROBOT TECHNIQUE

ITUTRAMANI RAJ .A
VIGNESH.S
VSA GROUP OF INSTIONS, SALEM-10.
ABSTRACT:
Coal mine is a dangerous field, various fatal factors menace people. The rescuers
have known the mine tunnel actual situation when a disaster in coal mine occurs. Especially, it is
very dangerous to go into the tunnel without detect in advanced because second explosion may
occur at any time. Aiming to the task, the rescue robot can be sent to explosion environment and
detect gas content and temperature, etc. Meanwhile the environmental data are sent to the rescuers.
This paper introduces a coal mine detect and rescue robot. It is composed of mechanism, control
system, communication system and sensors, etc. It can run in explosion environment, climb ruins,
check gas, and carry some food and medicine to the miners in disaster. The design of the robot in
this paper gives the solutions.
 STUDY ON THE THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF
HONEYCOMB SANDWICH STRUCTURES
S.DHANAPAL,
B.KALILULLARAHIM.
KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE.
ABSTRACT
Honeycomb sandwich structures are widely used in aerospace industries due to its high
buckling resistance and strength to weight ratio. The accurate as finite element approximation of
this structure namely model with shell element, 3-D model with brick element, etc.
Layered element modeling is most widely accepted and used heavily in the industry. The
deficiency of this modeling lies in incorporating damages like delamination, and inclusion of
boundary conditions for thick sandwich structures. 3-D model has a better edge over these
problems. At the same time 3-D model is computationally resource sensitive.
This paper studies the efficacy of 3-D modeling of honeycomb sandwich structures to
capture the real behavior. Case study is conducted on metallic sandwich plate using layered
element modeling and 3-D shell element modeling. Results are compared with the theoretical
results. Conclusion is made on the effectiveness of 3-D shell element modeling in terms of
accuracy and efficiency.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION CONE TYPE MANDREL
(REDUCING FOR DOWN TIME)
PRABAKARAN.N
ADHIYSMAAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
This project deals with design and fabrication of cone type mandrel in steel plant. The model of the
cone type mandrel is designed using CATIAV5R16 software, and the fabrication of the designed
model is done using mechanical work shop.
The fabrication is used in the smooth operation steel plant; it is used to down time reduced
of cold rolling mill (CRM) by a paper roll change. This provides safety to the worker and for CRM
unit. It helps to regular production of the plant..
The cone type mandrel is designed with cone which is varying in diameter i.e. increasing
OR decreasing in diameter from the cone. All the mandrel are locked using screw. The mandrel is
supported on the operating side cone .anther end is supported on the motor drive. The cone type
mandrel is made up off stainless steel and vanadium steel.
After the model is completed using CATIAV5R16 software it is taken into printout an hard
copy. This hard coy is fabrication in the work shop.
In this project, value engineering is used as a cost reduction tool for providing the same function at
lower cost. Value analysis has been done for a cone type mandrel for steel plant and a positive
result is obtained. In every steel plant the cone type mandrel is one of the main components and its
support the production well as it provides a good reduced down time and it plays a vital role in
steel plant application.
 ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR AUTOMOBILE

FUEL CELLS

V.JAYAKUMAR R.KAMALRAJ
MAHENDRA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ABSTRACT

The increased population of automobile vehicles and the crisis of petroleum fuels make the
peoples to search any alternatives to make the automobiles to run without panic. Environment
friendly energy generation is a high priority agenda today. Electric vehicles are Zero pollution one
and also noise free. But electricity is hard to store in large quantities.
Fuel cell is a device which converts fuel directly into electricity which can power the
automobiles without any pollution. There are number of types of fuel cells are available. Among
them Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell is most suitable for automobiles.
The main components of PEM Fuel cell are Platinum electrodes, Permeable membrane,
fuel, Reforming
unit, and Storage unit. The fuel hydrogen can be produced by reforming the renewable fuels like
ethanol; methanol etc., the basic principle of fuel cell is reversal of the electrolysis process. The
products of fuel cell are only water, CO2 and heat.
The fuel cells are combined in series to construct a fuel cell stack. From this fuel cell stacks
the output electricity is supplied to the motors which will run the driving wheels of the
automobiles.
 LEAN MANUFACTURING FOR CYCLE TIME REDUCTION IN
AN ASSEMBLY SHOP
C.XAVIER NEWMEN, G.HEMNATH,
KARUNYA UNIVERSITY, COIMBATORE.

Abstract
Becoming lean is one of the prime necessities of contemporary manufacturing
industry across the world. Due to the changing demand patterns and growing product
diversity, the manufacturing systems need to become more flexible with a greater degree of
modifiability.
However, lean systems need certain conditions to prevail indispensably, such as
maintainability, efficient parts presentation, lean machines and workstations, efficient tool
layout, etc .in order to sustain in present competitive market, on time delivery, excellent
quality and aesthetic are very much essential.
The objective of this paper is reducing the cycle time of automobile door trim
panels by implementing various modernized techniques using lean manufacturing concepts.
It is evident from the past reports that in the

THERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF PISTON IN HIGH

SPEED DIESEL ENGINE
JAGAN .S
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, GOVERNMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,
COIMBATORE, INDIA

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to perform thermal and mechanical stress analysis on piston using
finite element method. We carried out the analysis of piston in V-engine used in military tank
engine (T72). Thus temperature distribution knowledge is essential for estimation of thermal
stresses in the piston body. Finite element analysis on the piston was done using the SIMLAB and
ABAQUS package. The need for this analysis is that engine power is up rated from 780 hp to 1000
hp. So there is an increased thermal stress in the engine which should not exceed the ultimate
stress. A three-dimensional finite-element model was developed for the diesel-engine piston. The
model, which consists of a quarter section piston to accommodate the eccentric bowl in the piston
head, is used to calculate operating temperatures and the corresponding thermal expansion, skirt
flexibility, and operating stresses due to thermal and mechanical loads. The accuracy of the model
was verified by using temperature data published in the literature, skirt thermal expansion data
measured by the piston supplier, and skirt flexibility data measured. The analysis work involved
the development of solid models of the piston using PRO/E wildfire and the pre-processing
(applying boundary conditions & meshing) of the piston was done using SIMLAB. The ABAQUS
solver was used to carry out the coupled field analysis for the thermal and structural loads. From
the coupled field analysis, we can find the induced stresses are within the limit. If not we can go
for an alternate material for the piston.

ADVANCED ROBOTIC MECHATRONIC SYSTEM

RAHUL.R
ARUL THIRUMURUGAN.M.

ANNAUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, TRICHY RAMANATHAPURAM CAMPUS

Abstract

Laser consolidation is an emerging computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) process that can

produce netshape functional components layer by layer directly from CAD models. Compared to
conventional Machining process, this novel process could build a complete part or features on an
existing part by adding instead of removing material. This paper presents the laser consolidation
process and its application for the manufacturing of structural components for Advanced Robotic
Mechatronics System (ARMS) project.