6.

s s

= 0.2

1 2 3

()
()

f ( ij ) = f ( x , y , z , ij , ij , ij ) = 0 6.11

f ( ij )

f ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) = 0 6.12

f (I 1 , I 2 , I 3 ) = 0 6.13

( 1 2 3 )( 1 3

2 ) 1 2 3

(6.12)

f ( 3 , 2 , 1 ) = f ( 2 , 3 , 1 ) = L = 0

6.14

6.11
A
6.11

6.2

(Tresca)(Mises)

(Tresca)
1
1864

k
max = k 6.21
1 > 2 > 3 :
1 3 = 2k 6.22
:

1 2 = 2k

2 3 = 2k 6.23
3 1 = 2k

s
2k = s (Tresca)
1 3 = s 6.24

1 2 = s

2 3 = s 6.25
3 1 = s

s
k = s

i j = 2 s i,j=1,2,3 6.26

s (6.24)(6.26)
:
1
s = s 6.27
2
2

6.25
6.21

6.22(a)
6.22b

1 , 2 , 3

6.21

1.
1913

6.22
6.21
6.23
2
O R = s
3
XOy
2
x2 + y2 = ( s )2 6.28
3

3
 1
2
[ ]
( 1 2 )2 + ( 2 3 )2 + ( 3 1 )2 = s2 6.29

a (b) 1 2

6.22

=s 6.210

w=
1
12G
[
( 1 2 )2 + ( 2 3 )2 + ( 3 1 )2 ]
1 2
G (616) w = s
6G
(Hencky) 1923
1 2
s
6G
(6.29) 8
2
8 = s 6.211
3
(Nadai) 1937
2
s
3
1 = 2 = 0 3 =
(6.29)

3 2 = s2 6.212

4
 = s

1
s = s 6.213
3
2.
6.2 4

1 , 2 , 3 P

OP ON
P
PM ON OP OM

MP OM 1 2 3 ON

ON
6.24
1
l=m=n=
3

1
oM = 1l + 2 m + 3 n = ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) 6.214
3

1
MP = 12 + 22 + 33 ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) 2
3

1 2
= [( 1 2 ) 2 + ( 2 3 ) 2 + ( 3 1 ) 2 = 6.215
3 3

OM MP ON

ON ON

2
(65) OM = s
3
ON

2
M s ON
3

2
ON s
3

5
 P
P

6.25 P
D400mm t4mnl
s 250MPa
PS
:
: 6.25 P

pD
1 = =
2t
pD
2 =s =
4t
3 = 0
1 3 = s :
ps D
=s
2t
2t 2 4
ps = s = 250
D 400
= 5 ( N / mm 2 )
= s ,
3 ps D
=s
5t

4t 4 4
ps = s = 250
3D 3D
= 5.77 N / mm 2

6.3

6.l

1
6.31(a) P p
P p

6

1 3 = s 6.31

P Z P

(a) (b)

6.31

2 2 1 3
2 =
1 3
2
1 + 3 1 3
2 = + 6.32
2 2
:
1 3
1 2 = (1 )
2
1 3
2 3 = (1 + ) 6.33
2
(6.29)

2
1 3 = s 6.34
1+

(6.25)(6.29):
1 3 = s 6.35

2
= 1 =
1+

[-11] = 1 = 1
2
= 0 = = 1.155
3
( 6.31(b))
1925 P p
6.31(b)

2 P M T

7
 6.32(a) P M T

MT MT

P P

a b

6.32

0
ij = 0 0 6.36
0 0 0

P M T A

1 = + + 2
2 2

2 = 0 6.37
2

3 = + + 2
2 2

2 2

+ 4 =1 6.38

s s

2 2

+ 3 = 1 6.39

s s

(6.38) 1 12 (6.3
s s
1
9) 1 6.32(b)
3
1931 (Taylor)(Quinney)
P M T
6.32(b)

( 6.23)

s
s =
2
s
(623) s = s s
3

6.4

ij ijP

9
 f ( ij , ijP , t ) = 0 (6.41)

ijP f (6.1

2)

ijP

6.4
1

6.41

(a)(b)
:
f ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) = F (q) (6.42)
(630)
f ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) ( 6.41(b))
F(q) q
68

F(q) q
q F(q)

1 q

10


d iP ,:

2
d p = (d 1p d 2p ) 2 + (d 2P d 3p ) 2 + (d 1p d 3p ) 2 (6.43)
3
()

q = d p (6.44)

f ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) = F ( d p ) (6.45)

= F( d p ) (6.46)

d p F

2 q

dW p = ij d ijp (6.47)

i j
:

q = dW p = ij d ijp (6.48)

= F ( dW P ) (6.49)

11


> 0 , d > 0
d < 0 < 0 , d < 0 d > 0
d = 0

d > 0 -
d < 0 -
d = 0 (6.410)

' d = ' > 0 d < 0 d = 0

d > 0
d < 0
d = 0 (6.410)
(6.49)(6.410):
d > 0
d < 0
d = 0 (6.410)

df > 0
df < 0
df = 0 (6.411)

12