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Function of Sodium Ligonosulfonate

Sodium lignosulfonate is a natural polymer having a strong dispersion,


having a different degree of dispersion due to the molecular weight
and the type of the functional group is a surface active substance can
be adsorbed on a variety of solid on the surface of the particle, the
metal ion exchange effect, and also because of the presence of a
variety of reactive groups on its organizational structure, and thus can
produce condensation or hydrogen-bonding interactions occur with
other compounds. The dispersant used in the printing and dyeing
industry-NNO lignin sulfonate as the main raw material compound.
Anionic surfactants. Wood pulp with sulfur dichloride aqueous
solution and sulfite reaction product, is a byproduct of the production
of paper pulp, ships, 4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxybenzaldehyde polymer.
Due to the different types of wood, the difference of the sulfonation
reaction, the molecular weight of lignin sulfonate ranging from 200 to
10000, chemical structure has not yet been determined. Usually said
low molecular weight lignin sulfonate, is a straight-chain
multi-association in solution together; polymer lignin sulfonate is a
branched chain, in an aqueous medium shows polymerization
dielectric behavior. The crude lignin sulfonate is used extensively for
animal feed grain, refined lignin sulfonate dispersant for oil drilling
mud; ore flotation agent, slime, dyes, pesticides dispersant; heavy
metals, especially iron, copper and stannous ions preferably chelating
ability, the chelating agent is effective.

Lignin sulfonate is a natural polymer, has a strong dispersion, due to


the molecular weight and the type of functional group with varying
degrees of dispersion is a surface active substance can be adsorbed in
a variety of solid particle on the surface, the metal ion exchange effect,
and also because of the presence of a variety of reactive groups on its
organizational structure, and thus can produce condensation or
hydrogen-bonding interactions occur with other compounds.
The dispersant used in the printing and dyeing industry-NNO lignin
sulfonate as the main raw material compound.

Use of lignin sulfonate:


The lignin sulfonate sodium (wood) extract, bamboo pulping process
modification reaction was concentrated and spray drying. The product
is light yellow (brown) free flowing powder, soluble in water,
chemically stable, long-term sealed storage does not decompose. The
lignin Series product is a surfactant, more than one product is mainly
used for the resin, rubber, dyes, pesticides, ceramics, cement, asphalt,
animal feed, water treatment, water can be produced by the method
of modification, processing, complex coal slurry, concrete,
refractories, oil drilling, compound fertilizer, smelting, casting,
adhesives. The experimental results show lignosulfonate prevent
sand of the soil is very effective, you can also do the fixed desert sand
agent. The product is modified lignin sulfonate, its quality standards
are as follows: the content of lignin sulfonate reduction of 45-50%
solids content <8% Water insoluble matter <1.5% PH value (1%
solution) 7-9 with The amount of water <5% fineness of 120 mesh
sieve I 4%.

The main performance: Concrete water reducer: Department of


powdered low-lead gas retarding superplasticizer, belonging to the
anionic surface-active substances, adsorption and dispersion of
cement, concrete can improve various physical properties. Reduce
water consumption by more than 13%, improve the workability of
concrete and cement hydration can greatly reduce the initial heat of
hydration, can compound early strength agent, retarder, antifreeze,
pumping, etc., and Naphthalene superplasticizer compound made the
liquid admixture basic no precipitation.

CWS additives: added to the product in the preparation of coal-water


slurry process, can improve the high mill output to maintain normal
pulping system, to reduce the pulp and power consumption, and
make the CWS improve concentration during the gasification
process , oxygen consumption, coal consumption decreased, the cold
gas efficiency, and to make the CWS reduce viscosity range reaches a
certain stability and fluidity.

3. refractory materials and ceramic body enhancer: in the large-sized


tiles and refractory bricks manufacturing process, can make body
material particles firmly bonded the Dry Strength can improve more
than 20% -60%.
4. a filler and a dispersing agent of the dye industry and pesticide
processing: when the dispersing agent and a filler for vat dyes and
disperse dyes, dye force can be increased, a more uniform coloration,
and shorten the time of the dye grinding; pesticide processing can be
used as fillers, dispersing agents and suspending agents, greatly
improving the suspension rate and the wetting properties of the
wettable powders.
5. as a binder of powder and granular materials: for iron ore powder,
lead and zinc powder, pulverized coal, coke Toner pressure on the ball;
extrusion of cast iron, cast steel sand repression; mud-brick wall and
floor tiles molding; mineral aggregate into a ball and provides high
strength, good stability, lubrication and mold good results.
6. in the drilling for the diluted dispersant, viscosity reducer; improve
the mobility of crude oil transportation and reduce energy
consumption. Petroleum products, as a cleansing agent, a dispersing
agent, overbased additives, anti-rust agent, an antistatic agent,
emulsifying viscosity reducer, elimination wax Paraffin like.
Dispersant

The dispersing agent is in the molecule at the same time the opposite
nature of the surfactant having both oleophilic and hydrophilic.
Homogeneous dispersion of the difficult to dissolve in the liquid
inorganic solids of the organic pigment particles, but also to prevent
sedimentation of solid particles and agglomerate, and the formation
and stability of suspension desired medicament.

The role of the dispersing agent is the use of wetting and dispersing
agent to reduce the time and energy needed to complete the
dispersion process, the stability of the dispersed pigment dispersion,
the surface properties of the modified pigment particles, adjusting the
motion of the pigment particles, embodied in the following aspects :
shorten the dispersion time, improve gloss, improve tinting strength
and hiding power, improved color development and color, to prevent
flooding and floating, prevent flocculation, to prevent subsidence.
An Experimental Study of the papermaking black liquor lignin
sulfonate

Introduction
The main raw material for the paper industry plant fiber resources is
an important light industry, is typical of the major water users, a total
displacement after the chemical industry and metallurgy industry. The
discharge of waste water pollution comes mainly from the cooking
waste generated in the chemical pulping process, commonly known
as "black liquor". Per ton of pulp to be discharged black liquor
approximately 10t. The black liquor is a component of the complex
system, wherein 70% of the organic solids, including lignin,
polysaccharides, humic acid, and cellulose degradation products;
30% of the inorganic solids, including free sodium salt and a
silicon-containing compound, wherein the lignin, polysaccharides,
humic acid and other substances are active substances.

Lignin is a main component of the black liquor, which is based on


phenyl propane derivative structural unit is connected via the C-O
bond and C-C chain made of natural polymer compound having a the
super molecular characteristics and high specific surface area,
comprising a large number of functional groups, such as a phenolic
hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, a benzyl hydroxyl group, a carbonyl
group, a carboxyl group, a vinyl group, etc. is apt to occur
methylolated and sulfonated, carboxylated, alkylated various
chemical reactions, etc. Lignin has the nature of the phenolic hydroxyl
group, a little acidification, sulfonation, can be made of a complex
mixture containing lignin sulfonate, can easily be processed or used
directly as a less demanding purity coal-water slurry additives.

This study based on the the black liquor resource, explore the impact
of various factors on the wood pulp black liquor by the
lignosulfonates.

Experimental Materials and Methods


1.1 Materials experimental black liquor taken from the pulp plant of
Jilin Paper Co., Ltd., the company used in papermaking raw materials
angiosperms (hardwood), black liquor lignin guaiacyl and syringyl
propane constitute. The company chemical pulp alkaline pulping black
liquor composition shown in Table 1.

1.2 test equipment LD5-2A low-speed centrifuge; 250 mL pressure


reactor; 85-Z thermostat magnetic stirrer; XMZ digital display
instrument; node thermometer.
1.3 process
Process shown in Figure 1.

1. 4 conditions control the reactor temperature of 110 C to 130 C;


reaction time 1h; pressure 2 105 Pa; pH value of the reaction
system 60; Na2SO3 quality score of 21%; the crude lignin 70g / l. The
experimental basis of the above conditions, the production of
industrial surfactants process parameters.

2 Results and discussion


2. 1 the influence of temperature on the yield of sulfonated
Be seen from Figure 2, as the temperature rises, the the sulfonated
yield increase. Temperature increases, the percentage of molecules
having a sufficient evaporation kinetic energy increase, resulting in a
higher evaporation rate, so that the steam pressure within the
autoclave to a sharp increase in the volume of the reaction solution,
which in a certain extent, so compression, increase in the
concentration of reactants. Collision theory, according to the chemical
reaction react to simultaneously satisfy two conditions, i.e. the
minimum energy limit and the appropriate orientation. The reaction
temperature was increased the reaction molecule has a larger
average kinetic energy of the molecules collide more effective and
frequent, which is a temperature less than 120 C, the reaction rate
increased rapidly. Slightly elevated temperature, it is enough to make
the proportion of the number of molecules having the minimum
energy required to cause the reaction of the collision increases a lot,
which is the main reason for the improvement of the yield of lignin
sulfonate. Secondly, the reaction liquid viscosity (liquid layer refers to
the unit area of the flow through the tangential force apart the
required distance when the fixed liquid level units to the unit speed, N
/ (m2 S)) is also an important influence factors. According to the
viscosity of the liquid empirical formula [7 ~ 12]: = AeB / T (A, B is
a constant), the temperature rises to reduce the reaction liquid
viscosity, the lignin molecular and hydrolysis of HSO-3 reactor
movement more freedom, is conducive to a collision between them,
increase the effective collision frequency. 2. The test of the second
pressure with a sulfonating yield correlation N2 was injected to the
reactor to increase the pressure inside the autoclave. From Figure 3 it
can be seen, when P 2 0 105PA, the pressure is no longer the key
factors that influence the reaction, the yield of the overall variation
smaller.

2.3 the relationship between time and the yield of sulfonated be seen
from Figure 4, with the increase in reaction time, increased yield of
sodium lignin sulfonate. This is in line with the general law of chemical
reaction, reaction time, the greater the chance of collision of reactant
molecules contact, the higher the yield. As the reaction proceeds, the
concentration of reactants is gradually reduced while increasing
product concentration, and the presence of the product prevents the
collision between the reactants, the reaction rate decreased. Reaction
after 15h, the curve to flatten, the the sulfonated yield no significant
change.

2.4 Ph value of sulfonated yield can be seen from Figure 5, as the Ph


value of the reaction system increases, the increase in the yield of
sodium lignin sulfonate. The Ph value increased within a certain range,
the precipitated lignin particles of reduced diameter, an increased
contact area means that the reactant molecules, is conducive to the
sulfonation reaction is carried out. In addition, the pH value of direct
influence on the acidity of the sulfonation reaction system. Since the
reaction of Na2SO3 first hydrolyzed to NAhSO3, in the acidic range,
Ph value is the higher, the smaller the acidity, the more favorable of
Na2SO3 hydrolysis, thereby promoting the reaction, so that the
sulfonation Yield improving.

2. 5 lignin concentration of sulfonated yield correlation can be seen


from Figure 6, the the sodium ligninsulfonate yield substantially
downward trend with the increase in the concentration of crude lignin.
The crude lignin concentration of less than 52 5g / L range increases
with the concentration of lignin, an increase in the dissolution of lignin,
thus a slight increase in yield of sulfonated; when crude lignin
concentration by mass greater than 52 5g / L, and the reaction system
lignin dissolution by the solubility limit of the acidity conditions
undergrowth prime mostly particle state exists, the increase in the
viscosity of the reaction system is not conducive to movement of the
reactant collision, and thus the yield decreases with the increase in
lignin content. The best quality crude lignin concentration in the
reaction under the conditions of 52 5 g / L. The 2 6 Na2SO3 Cover
relationship seen from Figure 7, with a sulfonating yield increased
rapidly with the increase of Na2SO3 Quality Score, the yield of sodium
lignin sulfonate.
Of Na2SO3 as a sulfonating agent, the sulfonation reaction is a
nucleophilic substitution reaction. The reaction process Na2SO3 first
hydrolysis NAhSO3, in the to sulfonated lignin role under certain
conditions. According to the basic law of the chemical reaction, the
greater the concentration of reactants, the reaction is carried out
more quickly and completely. Of Na2SO3 higher the concentration in
the case of certain lignin content, after hydrolysis, the reaction
system of HSO-3 more the hso-3 increased greatly improve its
collision with lignin contact to accelerate the reaction rate. The
Na2SO3 is too large will cause the ash content of the product
increased, at the same time excessive amount of Na2SO3 not only
increase costs, but also pollute the environment.

3 Conclusions
1. in the range of 100 C to 120 C sulfonated yield increased with
the reaction temperature; yield no significant change when the
temperature is higher than 120 C to 140 C increased by only 1. 6%,
showing that 120 C is the temperature of the reaction economic.
2. When P> 2 0 105PA when the yield impact is minimal; generally
up from the kettle into pressure (1 5 2 0) 105Pa pressure should be
from the kettle into the pressure-based.
3. Reaction 1 5h substantially reached the maximum yield;
sulfonated under acidic conditions yield with Ph value increases and
improve.
4. with the lignin concentration increased the sulfonated yield basic
downward trend, the lignin mass concentration of the reaction system
to 52. 5g / L is preferred.
5. sulfonating reagent with the increase in the proportion of the
absolute dry lignin is conducive to the improvement of yield, but
considering the ash and environmental impact and other factors, the
ratio of 21% is appropriate.

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