Chp.12 Cont.

Examples
to design Footings
 Example
Design a square footing to support a 18 in. square
column tied interior column reinforced with 8 #9
bars. The column carries an unfactored axial dead
load of 245 k and an axial live load of 200 k. The
base of the footing is 4 ft. below final grade and
allowable soil pressure is 5 k/ft2 Use fc = 3 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi
 Example 1
Assume a depth of footing. (2 ft or 24 in.) The
weight of concrete and the soil are:
1 ft.
Wc d 150 lb/ft * 24 in. *
3
300 lb/ft2
12 in.
1 ft.
Ws s d s 100 lb/ft * 4 ft 24 in. *
3 200 lb/ft 2

12 in.
 Example 1
The effective soil pressure is given as:

qeff qs Wc Ws
5000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 200 lb/ft 2
4500 lb/ft 2 4.5 k/ft 2
 Example 1
Calculate the size of the footing:

Actual Loads DL LL 245 k 200 k 445 k

445 k
Area of footing 98.9 ft 2
4.5 k/ft 2
Side of footing 9.94 ft Use 10 ft
 Example 1
Calculate net upward pressure:

Actual Loads 1.4 DL 1.7 LL

1.4245 k 1.7200 k 683 k
683 k
Net upward pressure qn 6.83 k / ft 2
100 ft 2
 Example 1
Calculate the depth of the reinforcement use # 8 bars
with a crisscrossing layering.

d h cover 1.5d b
d 24 in. 3 in 1.51.0 in
19.5 in.
 Example 1
Calculate perimeter for two-way shear or
punch out shear. The column is 18 in.
square.

bo 4c d
418 in. 19.5 in. 150 in.
1 ft
c d 18 in. 19.5 in. 3.125 ft

12 in
 Example 1
Calculate the shear Vu

Vu Pu qn c d
2

683 k 6.83 k/ft 2 3.125 ft 616 k

2

The shape parameter

10 ft
1
10 ft
 Example 1
Calculate d value from the shear capacity according to
11.12.2.1 chose the largest value of d

Vc 2 f c b0 d
4

c
d
Vc s 2 f c b0 d
s is 40 for interior, 30 for edge
and 20 for corner column
bo
Vc 4 f c b0 d
 Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
two way shear

1000 lb
616 k

d
Vu
1k 19.1 in.
4 f c b0
0.85 4 4000150 in
 Example 1
The second equation bo is dependent on d so use the
assumed values and you will find that d is smaller and
= 40
Vu
d Actual (d =14.02324 in.)
40d
2 f c b0

bo=128.93 in
ob
1000 lb
616 k

1k 10.6 in.
4019.5 in
0.85


2 4000150 in
150 in
 Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated
by using one-way shear
1 ft
18 in
L c 10 ft 1 ft
d 12 in 19.5 in

2 2 2 2 12 in


2.625 ft

L c
Vu qn l2 d

2 2
6.83 k/ft 2 10 ft 2.625 ft 179.3 k
 Example 1
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
one-way shear
1000 lb
179.3 k

d
Vu
1k 13.9 in.
2 fc b
0.85 2 400010 ft
12 in

1 ft

The footing is 19.5 in. > 13.9 in. so it will work.

 Example 1
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the
edge of the column
1 ft
18 in
L c 10 ft
12 in 4.25 ft

2 2 2 2


L c

L c 2 2 4.25 ft 10 ft 616.8 k - ft
M u qn b 6.83 k/ft4.25 ft

2 2 2 2
 Example 1
Calculate Ru for the footing to find r of the footing.

12 in.
616.8 k - ft *

Ru
Mu
1 ft 0.1622 ksi
bd 2 120 in * 19.5 in 2
 Example 1
From Ru for the footing the r value can be found.

Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
1.7 Ru
2
0
f c

1.7 1.7 41.7
2 0.1622 ksi
0.94 ksi

0.04632
2
r fy 0.046324 ksi
0.04632 r 0.0031
fc 60 ksi
 Example 1
Compute the area of steel needed
12 in.
As r bd 0.0030910 ft 19.5 in. 7.23 in 2

1 ft
The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is
As 0.0018bh 0.0018120 in.24 in. 5.18 in 2
The minimum amount of steel for flexure is
200
As
200
bd 120 in.19.5 in. 7.8 in 2 Use

fy 60000
 Example 1
Use a #7 bar (0.60 in2) Compute the number of bars
need
As 7.8 in 2
n 13 Use 13 bars
Ab 0.60 in 2
Determine the spacing between bars
L 2 * cover 120 in - 23 in
s 9.5 in
n 1 12
 Example 1
Check the bearing stress. The bearing strength N1, at
the base of the column, 18 in x 18 in., 0.7

N1 0.85 f c A1 0.7 0.854 ksi 18 in 771k
2

The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is

A2
N 2 N1 2 N1
A1
 Example 1
A2 10 ft 100 ft 2
2

2
1 ft
A1 18 in 2.25 ft 2

12 in.
The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is

100 ft 2
6.67 2 N 2 2 N1 2771k 1542 k
A2

A1 2.25 ft 2
 Example 1
Pu =683 k < N1, bearing stress is adequate. The
minimum area of dowels is required.

0.005A1 0.005* 18 in 1.62 in 2

2

Use minimum number of bars is 4, so use 4 # 8 bars

placed at the four corners of the column.
 Example 1
The development length of the dowels in compression
from ACI Code 12.3.2 for compression.

0.02d b f y 0.021 in 60000 psi

ld 18.97 in Use 19 in
fc 4000 psi

The minimum ld , which has to be greater than 8 in., is

ld 0.0003db f y 0.00031 in 60000psi 18 in 8 in

 Example 1

Therefore, use 4#8 dowels in the corners of

the column extending 19 in. into the column
and the footing. Note that ld is less than the
given d = 19.5 in., which is sufficient
development length.
 Example 1
The development length, ld for the #7 bars for the
reinforcement of the footing.
ld

fy
ld
f ydb

60000 psi 0.875 in
41.5 in
d b 20 f c 20 f c 20 4000 psi

There is adequate development length provided.

L c 120 in 18 in
ld cover 3 in 48 in
2 2 2 2
Example 1 - Final Design
 Example 2
Design a footing to support a 18 in. square column
tied interior column reinforced with 8 #9 bars.
The column carries an unfactored axial dead load
of 245 k and an axial live load of 200 k. The base
of the footing is 4 ft. below final grade and
allowable soil pressure is 5 k/ft2 Use fc = 3 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi. Limit one side of the footing to 8.5 ft.
 Example 2
Assume a depth of footing. (2 ft or 24 in.) The
weight of concrete and the soil are:
1 ft.
Wc d 150 lb/ft * 24 in. *
3
300 lb/ft2
12 in.
1 ft.
Ws s d s 100 lb/ft * 4 ft 24 in. *
3 200 lb/ft 2

12 in.
 Example 2
The effective soil pressure is given as:

qeff qs Wc Ws
5000 lb/ft 2 300 lb/ft 2 200 lb/ft 2
4500 lb/ft 2 4.5 k/ft 2
 Example 2
Calculate the size of the footing:
Actual Loads DL LL 245 k 200 k 445 k
445 k
Area of footing 98.9 ft 2
4.5 k/ft 2
98.9 ft 2
Side of footing 11.64 ft Use 12 ft
8.5 ft
 Example 2
Calculate net upward pressure:

Actual Loads 1.4 DL 1.7 LL

1.4245 k 1.7200 k 683 k
683 k
Net upward pressure qn 6.70 k / ft 2
8.5 ft 12 ft
 Example 2
Calculate the depth of the reinforcement use # 8 bars
with a crisscrossing layering.

d h cover 1.5d b
d 24 in. 3 in 1.51.0 in
19.5 in.
 Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated
by using the one-way shear (long direction)
1 ft
18 in
L c 12 ft 1 ft
d 12 in 19.5 in

2 2 2 2 12 in


3.625 ft
L c Vu =150.7 k in
Vu qn l2 d short direction

2 2
6.7 k/ft 2 8.5 ft 3.625 ft 206.4 k
 Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
one-way shear design
1000 lb
206.4 k

d
Vu
1k 18.8 in.
2 fc b
0.85 2 4000 8.5 ft
12 in

1 ft

The footing is 19.5 in. > 18.8 in. so it will work.

 Example 2
Calculate perimeter for two-way shear or
punch out shear. The column is 18 in.
square.

bo 4c d
418 in. 19.5 in. 150 in.
1 ft
c d 18 in. 19.5 in. 3.125 ft

12 in
 Example 2
Calculate the shear Vu

Vu Pu qn c d
2

683 k 6.7 k/ft 2 3.125 ft 617.6 k

2

The shape parameter

12 ft
1.41
8.5 ft
 Example 2
Calculate d from the shear capacity according to
11.12.2.1 chose the largest value of d.

Vc 2 f c b0 d
4

c
d
Vc s 2 f c b0 d
s is 40 for interior, 30 for edge
and 20 for corner column
bo
Vc 4 f c b0 d
 Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated for the
two way shear
1000 lb
617.6 k

d
Vu
1k 15.8 in.

2 f c b0 0.85 2
4 4 4000150 in

1. 41
 Example 2
The third equation bo is dependent on d so use the assumed
values and you will find that d is smaller and = 40
Vu
d Actual (d =14.032 in.)
40d

2 f c b0
bo=128.173 in
ob
1000 lb
617.6 k

1k 10.64 in.
4019.5 in
0.85


2 4000150 in
150 in
 Example 2
The depth of the footing can be calculated by using
the two way shear

1000 lb
617.6 k

d
Vu
1k 19.14 in.
4 f c b0
0.85 4 4000150 in
 Example 2
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the edge of
the column (long direction)
1 ft
18 in
L c 12 ft
12 in 5.25 ft

2 2 2 2


L c

L c 2 2 5.25 ft 8.5 ft 784.8 k - ft
M u qn b 6.7 k/ft5.25 ft

2 2 2 2
 Example 2
Calculate Ru for the footing to find r of the footing.

12 in.
784.8 k - ft *

Ru
Mu
1 ft 0.2428 ksi
bd 2 12 in
* 19.5 in 2
8.5 ft

1 ft
 Example 2
Use the Ru for the footing to find r.

Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
1.7 Ru
2
0
f c

1.7 1.7 41.7
2 0.2428 ksi
0.94 ksi

0.07036
2
r fy 0.070364 ksi
0.07036 r 0.00469
fc 60 ksi
 Example 2
Compute the amount of steel needed
12 in.
As r bd 0.00469 8.5 ft 19.5 in. 9.33 in 2

1 ft
The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is
As 0.0018bh 0.0018102 in.24 in. 4.41in 2
The minimum amount of steel for flexure is
200
As
200
bd 102 in.19.5 in. 6.63 in 2

fy 60000
 Example 2
Use As =8.36 in2 with #8 bars (0.79 in2). Compute
the number of bars need
As 9.33 in 2
n 11.8 Use 12 bars
Ab 0.79 in 2
Determine the spacing between bars

L 2 * cover 102 in - 23 in
s 8.73 in
n 1 11
 Example 2
Calculate the bending moment of the footing at the edge of
the column for short length
1 ft
18 in
L c 8.5 ft
12 in 3.5 ft

2 2 2 2


L c

L c 2 2 3.5 ft 12 ft 492.5 k - ft
M u qn b 6.7 k/ft3.5 ft

2 2 2 2
 Example 2
Calculate Ru for the footing to find r of the footing.

12 in.
492.5 k - ft *

Ru
Mu
1 ft 0.1079 ksi
bd 2 12 in
* 19.5 in 2
12 ft

1 ft
 Example 2
Use Ru for the footing to find r.

Ru f c 1 0.59 1.7
1.7 Ru
2
0
f c

1.7 1.7 41.7
2 0.1079 ksi
0.94 ksi

0.0305
2
r fy 0.03054 ksi
0.0305 r 0.00203
fc 60 ksi
 Example 2
Compute the amount of steel needed
12 in.
As r bd 0.0020312 ft 19.5 in. 5.72 in 2

1 ft
The minimum amount of steel for shrinkage is
As 0.0018bh 0.0018144 in.24 in. 6.22 in 2
The minimum amount of steel for flexure is
200
As
200
bd 144 in.19.5 in. 9.36 in 2

fy 60000
 Example 2
Use As =9.36 in2 with #6 bar (0.44 in2) Compute the
number of bars need
As 9.36 in 2
n 21.3 Use 22 bars
Ab 0.44 in 2
Calculate the reinforcement bandwidth

Reinforcement in bandwidth
2 2 0.83

Total reinforcement 1 1.41 1
 Example 2
The number of bars in the 8.5 ft band is 0.83(22)=19 bars .

Total # bars - band bars 22 19

outside # bar 1.5 Use 2 bars
2 2
So place 19 bars in 8.5 ft section and 2 bars in each in
(12ft -8.5ft)/2 =1.75 ft of the band.
 Example 2
Determine the spacing between bars for the band of 8.5 ft
L 102 in
s 5.67 in
n 1 18

Determine the spacing between bars outside the band

L cover 21 in - 3in
s 9 in
n 2
 Example 2
Check the bearing stress. The bearing strength N1, at
the base of the column, 18 in x 18 in., 0.7

N1 0.85 f c A1 0.7 0.854 ksi 18 in 771k
2

The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is

A2
N 2 N1 2 N1
A1
 Example 2
A2 10 ft 100 ft 2
2

2
1 ft
A1 18 in 2.25 ft 2

12 in.
The bearing strength, N2, at the top of the footing is

100 ft 2
6.67 2 N 2 2 N1 2771k 1542 k
A2

A1 2.25 ft 2
 Example 2
Pu =683 k < N1, bearing stress is adequate. The
minimum area of dowels is required.

0.005A1 0.005* 18 in 1.62 in 2

2

Use minimum number of bars is 4, so use 4 # 8 bars

placed at the four corners of the column.
 Example 2
The development length of the dowels in compression
from ACI Code 12.3.2 for compression.

0.02d b f y 0.021 in 60000 psi

ld 18.97 in Use 19 in
fc 4000 psi

The minimum ld , which has to be greater than 8 in., is

ld 0.0003db f y 0.00031 in 60000psi 18 in 8 in

 Example 2

Therefore, use 4#8 dowels in the corners of

the column extending 19 in. into the column
and the footing. Note that ld is less than the
given d = 19.5 in., which is sufficient
development length.
 Example 2
The development length, ld for the #8 bars

ld

fy
ld
f ydb

60000 psi 1.0 in
47.4 in
db 20 f c 20 f c 20 4000 psi

There is adequate development length provided.

L c 144 in 18 in
ld cover 3 in 60 in
2 2 2 2
 Example 2
The development length, ld for the #6 bars

ld

fy
ld
f ydb

60000 psi 0.75 in
28.5 in
db 25 f c 25 f c 25 4000 psi

There is adequate development length provided.

L c 102 in 18 in
ld cover 3 in 39 in
2 2 2 2
Example 2 - Final design

23 #6 12 #8