Single bolt capacity to EN 1993-1-8

Bolt diameter d= 20 mm Gross bolt area

Hole diameter d0 = 22 mm Net bolt area
Edge distances
Bolt Grade 8.8 fub = 800 N/mm2 e1 = 40.0
Steel grade S355 fu = 510 N/mm2 e2 = 40.0
Plate thickness t= 14 mm M2 = 1.25

0 . 6 f ub A 0 . 9 f ub A s
Shear capacity F v,Rd= = 120.6 kN Tension capacity F t,Rd=
M2 M2

k 1 b f u dt 0 .6 d m tf u
Bearing capacity F b,Rd= = 122.8 kN Punching capacity B p,Rd =
M2 M2
Shear load Fv,Ed = 100.0 kN Tension load
F v,Ed F t,Ed
Combined shear and tension + = 0.83 <1
F v,Rd 1. 4 F t,Rd

Bolts diameters, hole sizes and areas

Bolt diameter, d, mm 12 14 16 18 20 22
Hole diameter d0 , mm 13 15 18 20 22 24
Gross area A, cm2 1.13 1.54 2.01 2.54 3.14 3.80
Net area As , cm2 0.84 1.15 1.57 1.92 2.45 3.03
Head/nut height tbh , mm 10 11.5 13 14.5 16 17.5
Punching diam. dm , mm 20.5 23.5 26 29 32 35.5

Bolt grades
Bolt grade 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8
Tensile strength fub, N/mm 2
400 400 500 500 600 800
Yield strength fyb, N/mm2 240 320 300 400 480 640

Minimum edge distances and spacing

Bolt diameter d, mm 12 14 16 18 20 22
Edge distences, e1 = 1.2d0 15.6 18.0 21.6 24.0 26.4 28.8
mm e2 = 1.2d0 15.6 18.0 21.6 24.0 26.4 28.8
p1 = 2.2d0 28.6 33.0 39.6 44.0 48.4 52.8
Spacing, mm
p2 = 2.4d0 31.2 36.0 43.2 48.0 52.8 57.6

Steel grade S355 fu = 510 N/mm2 M2 = 1.25

Shear capacity through threaded portion

 d, mm 12 14 16 18 20 22
4.6 16.1 22.1 30.1 36.9 47.0 58.2
4.8 13.4 18.4 25.1 30.7 39.2 48.5
5.6 20.2 27.6 37.7 46.1 58.8 72.7
Bolt grade 5.8 16.8 23.0 31.4 38.4 49.0 60.6
6.8 20.2 27.6 37.7 46.1 58.8 72.7
8.8 32.3 44.2 60.3 73.7 94.1 116
10.9 33.6 46.0 62.8 76.8 98.0 121

Shear resistance through unthreaded portion

d, mm 12 14 16 18 20 22
4.6 21.7 29.6 38.6 48.9 60.3 73.0
4.8 21.7 29.6 38.6 48.9 60.3 73.0
5.6 27.1 36.9 48.3 61.1 75.4 91.2
Bolt grade 5.8 27.1 36.9 48.3 61.1 75.4 91.2
6.8 32.6 44.3 57.9 73.3 90.5 109
8.8 43.4 59.1 77.2 97.7 121 146
10.9 54.3 73.9 96.5 122 151 182

Bearing resistance for minimum spacing

d, mm 12 14 16 18 20 22
6 19.5 22.8 26.0 29.3 32.5 35.8
8 26.0 30.3 34.7 39.0 43.3 47.7
10 32.5 37.9 43.3 48.8 54.2 59.6
12 39.0 45.5 52.0 58.5 65.0 71.5
Plate thickness - t, 14 45.5 53.1 60.7 68.3 75.9 83.4
mm 16 52.0 60.7 69.4 78.0 86.7 95.4
18 58.5 68.3 78.0 87.8 97.5 107
20 65.0 75.9 86.7 97.5 108 119
22 71.5 83.4 95.4 107 119 131
24 78.0 91.0 104 117 130 143

Tension resistance
d, mm 12 14 16 18 20 22
4.6 24.2 33.1 45.2 55.3 70.6 87.3
4.8 24.2 33.1 45.2 55.3 70.6 87.3
5.6 30.2 41.4 56.5 69.1 88.2 109
Bolt grade 5.8 30.2 41.4 56.5 69.1 88.2 109
6.8 36.3 49.7 67.8 82.9 106 131
8.8 48.4 66.2 90.4 111 141 175
10.9 60.5 82.8 113 138 176 218

Puhching shear resistance

d, mm 12 14 16 18 20 22
dm, mm 22 25 29 32 36 40
6 99.7 116 133 150 166 183

Plate thickness - t,
 8 133 155 177 199 221 244
10 166 194 221 249 277 305
12 199 233 266 299 332 365
Plate thickness - t, 14 233 271 310 349 388 426
mm 16 266 310 354 399 443 487
18 299 349 399 449 498 548
20 332 388 443 498 554 609
22 365 426 487 548 609 670
24 399 465 532 598 664 731
 A= 3.14 cm2
As = 2.45 cm2
ge distances Spacing
mm, p1 = 50.0 mm
mm, p2 = 60.0 mm
k1 = 2.12 b = 0.51

0 . 9 f ub A s
F t,Rd= = 141.1 kN
M2

0 .6 d m tf u
B p,Rd = = 344.5 kN
M2
Ft,Ed = 0.0 kN

24 27 30 36
26 30 33 39
4.52 5.73 7.07 10.18
3.53 4.59 5.61 8.17
19 21.5 24 28.5
39 44 50 60

Steel grades
10.9 Steel grade
1000 Tensile strength fu, N/mm2
900 Yield strength fy, N/mm2

24 27 30 36
31.2 36.0 39.6 46.8
31.2 36.0 39.6 46.8
57.2 66.0 72.6 85.8
62.4 72.0 79.2 93.6

k1 = 1.66 b = 0.4
 24 27 30 36
67.8 88.1 108 157
56.5 73.4 90 131
84.7 110 135 196
70.6 91.8 112 163
84.7 110 135 196
136 176 215 314
141 184 224 327

24 27 30 36
86.9 110 136 195
86.9 110 136 195
109 137 170 244
109 137 170 244
130 165 204 293
174 220 271 391
217 275 339 489

24 27 30 36
39.0 43.9 48.8 58.5
52.0 58.5 65.0 78.0
65.0 73.1 81.3 97.5
78.0 87.8 97.5 117
91.0 102 114 137
104 117 130 156
117 132 146 176
130 146 163 195
143 161 179 215
156 176 195 234

24 27 30 36
102 132 162 235
102 132 162 235
127 165 202 294
127 165 202 294
152 198 242 353
203 264 323 471
254 330 404 588

24 27 30 36
43 49 54 65
199 224 249 299
266 299 332 399
332 374 415 498
399 449 498 598
465 523 581 698
532 598 664 797
598 673 748 897
664 748 831 997
731 822 914 1096
797 897 997 1196
S235 S275 S355
360 430 510
235 275 355
Fillet weld capacity to EN 1993-1-8
Steel grades
Steel grade S235 S275 S355
Tensile strength fu, N/mm 2
360 430 510
Correlation factor w 0.8 0.85 0.9
M2 = 1.25

Fillet weld capacity Fw,Rd, kN/cm

Steel grade S235 S275 S355
Weld resistance fw,Rd, N/mm 2
208 234 262
4 8.31 9.35 10.47
6 12.47 14.02 15.70
8 16.63 18.69 20.94
Weld throat 12 24.94 28.04 31.41
a, mm 14 29.10 32.71 36.64
16 33.26 37.39 41.88
18 37.41 42.06 47.11
20 41.57 46.73 52.35