1 Describe the difference between a Thread and a Process?

2 What is a Windows Service and how does its lifecycle differ from a "standard" EXE?

3 What is the maximum amount of memory any single process on Windows can address?
Is this different than the maximum virtual memory for the system? How would this affect
a system design?

4 What is the difference between an EXE and a DLL?

5 What is strong-typing versus weak-typing? Which is preferred? Why?

6 Corillian's product is a "Component Container." Name at least 3 component containers

that ship now with the Windows Server Family.

7 What is a PID? How is it useful when troubleshooting a system?

8 How many processes can listen on a single TCP/IP port?

9 What is the GAC? What problem does it solve?

10 What is serialization in .NET? What are the ways to control serialization?

11 Does C# support multiple inheritance?

12 Whats the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the class set method?

13 Whats the top .NET class that everything is derived from?

14 Hows method overriding different from overloading?

15 What is CLR?

16 What is CTS?

17 What is CLS?

18 What is strong name?

19 What is Application Domain?

20 Describe the difference between Interface-oriented, Object-oriented and Aspect-

oriented programming.

21 Describe what an Interface is and how its different from a Class.

22 What is Reflection?

23 What is the difference between XML Web Services using ASMX and .NET Remoting
using SOAP?

24 Are the type system represented by XmlSchema and the CLS isomorphic?

25 Conceptually, what is the difference between early-binding and late-binding?

26 Is using Assembly.Load a static reference or dynamic reference?

27 When would using Assembly.LoadFrom or Assembly.LoadFile be appropriate?

28 What is an Asssembly Qualified Name? Is it a filename? How is it different?

29 Is this valid? Assembly.Load("foo.dll");

30 How is a strongly-named assembly different from one that isnt strongly-named?

31 Can DateTimes be null?

32 What is the JIT? What is NGEN? What are limitations and benefits of each?

33 How does the generational garbage collector in the .NET CLR manage object
lifetime? What is non-deterministic finalization?

34 What is the difference between Finalize() and Dispose()?

35 How is the using() pattern useful? What is IDisposable? How does it support
deterministic finalization?

36 What does this useful command line do? tasklist /m "mscor*"

37 What is the difference between in-proc and out-of-proc?

38 What technology enables out-of-proc communication in .NET?

39 When youre running a component within ASP.NET, what process is it running within
on Windows XP? Windows 2000? Windows 2003?

40 What is FullTrust? Do GACed assemblies have FullTrust?

41 What are Satellite Assemblies?

42 What is Global Assembly Cache (GAC) and what is the purpose of it?
43 What is Reflection in .NET?

44 What is the managed and unmanaged code in .net?

45 What are Namespaces?

46 What are the access-specifiers available in c#?

47 Advantage of ADO.Net?

48 Difference between OLEDB Provider and SqlClient ?

49 Differences between dataset.clone and dataset.copy?

50 In a Webservice, need to display 10 rows from a table. So DataReader or DataSet is

best choice?

51 What is Remoting?

52 Whats the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?

53 Whats a delegate?

54 Whats an interface class?

55 What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service ?

56 Whats wrong with a line like this? DateTime.Parse(myString);

57 What are PDBs? Where must they be located for debugging to work?

58 What is cyclomatic complexity and why is it important?

59 Write a standard lock() plus double check to create a critical section around a
variable access.

60 What benefit does your code receive if you decorate it with attributes demanding
specific Security permissions?

61 What does this do? gacutil /l | find /i "Corillian"

62 What does this do? sn -t foo.dll

63 What ports must be open for DCOM over a firewall? What is the purpose of Port 135?

64 Contrast OOP and SOA. What are tenets of each?

65 How does the XmlSerializer work? What ACL permissions does a process using it
require?

66 Why is catch(Exception) almost always a bad idea?

67 What is the difference between Debug.Write and Trace.Write? When should each be
used?

68 What is the difference between a Debug and Release build? Is there a significant speed
difference? Why or why not?

69 Does JITting occur per-assembly or per-method? How does this affect the working
set?

70 Contrast the use of an abstract base class against an interface?

71 What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?

72 In the context of a comparison, what is object identity versus object equivalence?

73 How would one do a deep copy in .NET?

74 Explain current thinking around IClonable.

75 What is boxing?

76 Is string a value type or a reference type?

77 What is the significance of the "PropertySpecified" pattern used by the XmlSerializer?

What problem does it attempt to solve?

78 Why are out parameters a bad idea in .NET? Are they?

79 Can attributes be placed on specific parameters to a method? Why is this useful?

80 Juxtapose the use of override with new. What is shadowing?

81 Explain the use of virtual, sealed, override, and abstract.

82 Explain the importance and use of each component of this string: Foo.Bar,
Version=2.0.205.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=593777ae2d274679d

83 Explain the differences between public, protected, private and internal.

84 What benefit do you get from using a Primary Interop Assembly (PIA)?
85 By what mechanism does NUnit know what methods to test?

86 What is the difference between: catch(Exception e){throw e;} and catch(Exception e)

{throw;}

87 What is the difference between typeof(foo) and myFoo.GetType()?

88 Explain whats happening in the first constructor: public class c{ public c(string a) :
this() {;}; public c() {;} } How is this construct useful?

89 What is this? Can this be used within a static method?

C# interview questions
By Sanskruti

On 26th February, 2007

Sanskruti

Yet to provide details about himself

All articles By Sanskruti

General Questions

1.Does C# support multiple-inheritance?

No. But you can use Interfaces.

2.Where is a protected class-level variable available?

It is available to any sub-class derived from base class

3.Are private class-level variables inherited?

Yes, but they are not accessible.
4.Describe the accessibility modifier protected internal.
It is available to classes that are within the same assembly and derived from the specified
base class.

6.Which class is at the top of .NET class hierarchy?

System.Object.

7.What does the term immutable mean?

The data value may not be changed.
Note: The variable value may be changed, but the original immutable data value was
discarded and a new data value was created in memory.

8.Whats the difference between System.String and System.Text.StringBuilder classes?

System.String is immutable.
System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a
variety of operations can be performed.

9.Whats the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String?

StringBuilder is more efficient in cases where there is a large amount of string

manipulation. Strings are immutable, so each time a string is changed, a new instance in
memory is created.

10.Can you store multiple data types in System.Array?

No.

11.Whats the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?

The Clone() method returns a new array (a shallow copy) object containing all the
elements in the original array. The CopyTo() method copies the elements into another
existing array. Both perform a shallow copy. A shallow copy means the contents (each
array element) contains references to the same object as the elements in the original array.
A deep copy (which neither of these methods performs) would create a new instance of
each element's object, resulting in a different, yet identacle object.

12.How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.

13.Whats the .NET collection class that allows an element to be accessed using a unique
key?
HashTable.

14.What class is underneath the SortedList class?

A sorted HashTable.

15.Will the finally block get executed if an exception has not occurred?
Yes.
16.Whats the C# syntax to catch any possible exception?
A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the
parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.

17.Can multiple catch blocks be executed for a single try statement?

No. Once the proper catch block processed, control is transferred to the finally block .

18.Explain the three services model commonly know as a three-tier application?

Presentation (UI), Business (logic and underlying code) and Data (from storage or other
sources).

Class Questions

1.What is the syntax to inherit from a class in C#?

Place a colon and then the name of the base class.
Example: class MyNewClass : MyBaseClass

2.Can you prevent your class from being inherited by another class?
Yes. The keyword sealed will prevent the class from being inherited.

3.Can you allow a class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden?
Yes. Just leave the class public and make the method sealed.

4.Whats an abstract class?

A class that cannot be instantiated. An abstract class is a class that must be inherited and
have the methods overridden. An abstract class is essentially a blueprint for a class
without any implementation.

5.When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract?

1. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract
methods have been overridden.

2. When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract.

6.What is an interface class?

Interfaces, like classes, define a set of properties, methods, and events. But unlike classes,
interfaces do not provide implementation. They are implemented by classes, and defined
as separate entities from classes.

7.Why cant you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?
They all must be public, and are therefore public by default.

8.Can you inherit multiple interfaces?

Yes. .NET does support multiple interfaces.

9.What happens if you inherit multiple interfaces and they have conflicting method
names?
Its up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left
entirely up to you. This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named
methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares
youre okay.

10. Whats the difference between an interface and abstract class?

In an interface class, all methods are abstract - there is no implementation. In an abstract
class some methods can be concrete. In an interface class, no accessibility modifiers are
allowed. An abstract class may have accessibility modifiers.

11. What is the difference between a Struct and a Class?

Structs are value-type variables and are thus saved on the stack, additional overhead but
faster retrieval. Another difference is that structs cannot inherit.

Method and Property Questions

1. Whats the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the set method/property
of a class?
Value. The data type of the value parameter is defined by whatever data type the property
is declared .

2. What does the keyword virtual declare for a method or property?

The method or property can be overridden.

3. How is method overriding different from method overloading?

When overriding a method, you change the behavior of the method for the derived class.
Overloading a method simply involves having another method with the same name
within the class.

4. Can you declare an override method to be static if the original method is not static?
No. The signature of the virtual method must remain the same. (Note: Only the keyword
virtual is changed to keyword override)

5. What are the different ways a method can be overloaded?

Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of
parameters.

6. If a base class has a number of overloaded constructors, and an inheriting class has a
number of overloaded constructors; can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor
to a specific base constructor?
Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriate
constructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside the inherited class.
Events and Delegates

1. Whats a delegate?
A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method.

2. Whats a multicast delegate?

A delegate that has multiple handlers assigned to it. Each assigned handler (method) is
called.

3. Whats the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the class set method?
Value, and its datatype depends on whatever variable were changing.

4. How do you inherit from a class in C#?

Place a colon and then the name of the base class.

5. Does C# support multiple inheritance?

No, use interfaces instead.

6. When you inherit a protected class-level variable, who is it available to?

Classes in the same namespace.

7. Are private class-level variables inherited?

Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not
inherited.

8. Describe the accessibility modifier protected internal.?

Its available to derived classes and classes within the same Assembly (and naturally from
the base class its declared in).

9. C# provides a default constructor for me. I write a constructor that takes a string as a
parameter, but want to keep the no parameter one. How many constructors should I
write?
Two. Once you write at least one constructor, C# cancels the freebie constructor, and now
you have to write one yourself, even if theres no implementation in it.

10. Whats the top .NET class that everything is derived from?
System.Object.

11. Hows method overriding different from overloading?

When overriding, you change the method behavior for a derived class. Overloading
simply involves having a method with the same name within the class.

12. What does the keyword virtual mean in the method definition?
The method can be over-ridden.
13. Can you declare the override method static while the original method is non-static?
No, you cant, the signature of the virtual method must remain the same, only the
keyword virtual is changed to keyword override.

14. Can you override private virtual methods?

No, moreover, you cannot access private methods in inherited classes, have to be
protected in the base class to allow any sort of access.

15. Can you prevent your class from being inherited and becoming a base class for some
other classes?
Yes, thats what keyword sealed in the class definition is for. The developer trying to
derive from your class will get a message: cannot inherit from Sealed class
WhateverBaseClassName.
Its the same concept as final class in Java.

16. Can you allow class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden?
Yes, just leave the class public and make the method sealed.

17. Whats an abstract class?

A class that cannot be instantiated. A concept in C++ known as pure virtual method. A
class that must be inherited and have the methods over-ridden.
Essentially, its a blueprint for a class without any implementation.

18. When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract (as opposed to free-willed
educated choice or decision based on UML diagram)?
When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract. When the class itself is inherited
from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been over-ridden.

19. Whats an interface class?

Its an abstract class with public abstract methods all of which must be implemented in
the inherited classes.

20. Why cant you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface?
They all must be public. Therefore, to prevent you from getting the false impression that
you have any freedom of choice, you are not allowed to specify any accessibility, its
public by default.

21. Can you inherit multiple interfaces?

Yes, why not.

22. And if they have conflicting method names?

Its up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left
entirely up to you.
This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from
different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares youre okay.
23. Whats the difference between an interface and abstract class?
In the interface all methods must be abstract, in the abstract class some methods can be
concrete. In the interface no accessibility modifiers are allowed, which is ok in abstract
classes.

24. How can you overload a method?

Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of
parameters.

25. If a base class has a bunch of overloaded constructors, and an inherited class has
another bunch of overloaded constructors, can you enforce a call from an inherited
constructor to an arbitrary base constructor?
Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriate
constructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside the inherited class.

26. Whats the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?

System.String is immutable, System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of
having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.

27. Is it namespace class or class namespace?

The .NET class library is organized into namespaces. Each namespace contains a
functionally related group of classes so natural namespace comes first.

Do any one have the answer to the following questions :

1) How security is implemened in asp.net

2) In my website for eg. it has around 100 aspx. In that I want 20 aspx files should be
available to the users only if they are logged in. How can I achieve this with web.config
file.

3) What do you meant by default view.

4) Difference between stored procedure and stored functions.

5) I have a file called a.aspx which has some textboxes. I want to post the values to
b.aspx without using response.redirect. How can I do this.

6) Different between datagrid and datalist.

Ofcourse I answered partially I need exact answers.

Please Reply.