SAP BASIS OS Level (UNIX) Commands

Commands Description
dpmon d Dispatcher queue monitor

Sapdba (up to SAP R/3 -4.7)/ database administration

brtools

PS Running work process

ps -eaf|grep dw process overview

ps -eaf|grep ora check oracle service is running

Ps eaf | grep dw kill -9 Kill work process

msmon pf=profile path to check the message server status

name=sid

gwmon pf=profile path to check the gateway status

nr=num

Ps eaf | grep lsnrctl Listener status

Rslgview pf =-r ft | pg System logs

Disp + work v to check the version of r3 kernel

R3trans d ,tnsping Checking the connection with database

Df k File system monitor

Du k Display all directories and size of current

directory

Sqlplus SQL prompt and database connection

/as sysdba (new versions)

Saplicence -get to get hardware key

saplicense -install to install license

sappfpar all pf=profile path display all profile parameters

sappfpar check path=profile checks the required space for memory

path

memlimits to check the available space for heap and

swap memory

telnet Remote system login

telnet to check the remote sap system is up and

<ipaddress><dispatcherportn running
um>

ftp file transfer protocol

rcp remote copy of files

Start/stop sap Start / stop Sap instance

ping check destination host reachable

niping check connection between server and a

client by transferring packets

systeminfo check the configuration of system

Ps -aef Processes status

lsps -a Swap space

topas Memory
What Is SAP Basis Administration
If you are one of the persons who is interested about the technical part of SAP systems
than you are definitely interested about what is sap basis and what is its place in the
system.

SAP Basis The Administration Focus of SAP

First of all it describes the fundamentals of the administration of the SAP system. When
you say SAP Basis, you must think about the guys who will install, configure, update,
patch, migrate, troubleshoot any technical problem on your SAP system and manage all
the daily operations for that specific sap system or system landscape. Basis area
emphasize the administration of RDBMS(Relational Database Management System - or
simply the database sap system is using), client-server architecture and the SAP GUI.

Roles and responsibilities of sap basis consultant-

. Installation of SAP servers and post installation activities

. Applying Support packs and Kernel Up gradation
. Generating Solution manager key for the Landscape as required
. Time based and event based Scheduling of background jobs and monitoring them
. Client Administration including client copy / export / import / delete
. User Management like User Creation, deletion of user, users locks
. Analyzing of missing authorizations and assigning Roles to users
. Profile maintenance through PFCG
. Transport setup and management
. Download and applying Support Patches and SAP Notes
. Performance monitoring and fine tuning
. Maintaining Profile parameters
. SAP spool configuration
. Analyzing short dumps
. Transports in ABAP and Java Environments(Using SDM)
. Performing Pre & Post System Refresh activities
. CUA Configuration
. Core Knowledge in DBA
. Publishing Internal ITS
. Installing WebAS Java as add-on
. Apply java patches through SDM

What Is SAP (Systems,Applications and Products)

SAP (Systems,Applications and Products) is a name of a company which offers
ERP solution for various industries to integrate information from various
functions of that industry under one system.

1. SAP FI Module- FI stands for Financial Accounting

2. SAP CO Module- CO stands for Controlling
3. SAP PS Module and PS is Project Systems
4. SAP HR Module HR stands for Human Resources
5. SAP PM Module where Plant Maintenance is the PM
6. SAP MM Module MM is Materials Management -
7. SAP QM Module - QM stands for Quality Management
8. SAP PP Module PP is Production Planning
9. SAP SD Module SD is Sales and Distribution
10. SAP BW Module where BW stands for Business (Data) Warehouse
11. SAP EC Module where EC stands for Enterprise Controlling
12. SAP TR Module where TR stands for Treasury
13. SAP IM Module where IM stands for Investment Management
14. SAP IS where IS stands for Industries specific solution
15. SAP Basis
16. SAP ABAP
17. SAP Cross Application Components
18. SAP CRM where CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management
19. SAP SCM where SCM stands for Supply Chain Management
20. SAP PLM where PLM stands for Product LifeCycle Management
21. SAP SRM where SRM stands for Supplier Relationship Management
22. SAP CS where CS stands for Customer Service
23. SAP SEM where SEM stands for STRATEGIC ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT
24. SAP RE where RE stands for Real Estate
LOGON Process Flow in SAP
What are Work processes in SAP

SAP Work Processes

The SAP work process is a component of the application server that executes an ABAP application. SAP work processes are
started as operating system processes, each with its own process ID (PID) when the system is started. The majority of the
processing of the application is performed by the SAP work processes.

1. DIALOGUE 'D'
It is only the process which communicates interactively with the users. There should beatleast 2
Dialogue work process per instance. Dialogue work process initiates Update, Background and
Spool.
2. UPDATE 'V'
It is used to update the transactions in the database. It is initiated by Dialogue process. There
should be atleast 1 Update in the entire system. It is also recommended to have an update
process for every 5 Dialogue. 26
3. ENQUEUE 'E'
It is used to provide locks for the records that are going to be updated. It ensures consistency for
updates. There will be only 1 Enqueue configured in the systemduring the installation. It is
possible to have more than one enqueue provided they are installed or configured on the central
instance.
4. BACKGROUND 'B'
The tasks which are expensive or time consuming are scheduled to run in the background mode
non-interactively. There should be at least 2 background work process in the system
5. MESSAGE 'M'
There should be only 1 message server in the entire R/3 system. It is used to manage all
the dispatchers. It is used to load balance the requests to identify the least loaded dispatcher.
It is also used to provide locks to the request that are coming from Dialogue instances.
6. GATEWAY 'G'
It is used to provide a means of communication with SAP and NON-SAP systems. There will be
only 1 gateway for each instance.
7. SPOOL 'S'
It is used to print the documents to a printer or output to a fax machine etc. There should
be atleast 1 Spool process in the entire system. It is also possible to configure more spool
process depending on the print/ spool volume
Work process status are -status : Waiting, Stopper, Running, HOLD,ENDED,INPRIVATE.

What are SAP Buffers

What does mean by Object Swapping ( SWAP ) in SAP

Swapping occurs when the buffer is full, and the SAP System has to load additional
objects into the buffer. Objects in the buffer that were used the least recently are removed.
In this context, the term swap means the objects removed from the buffer are lost and
cannot be replaced until a new database access is performed

In simple language,

the accessed data seats on the buffer, If someone is trying to access the same data, that
will be retrieved fastly from the buffer.

If the buffer is full and some one is retrieving the data which is not there in the buffer then
that data will be placed in the buffer and the oldest data in the buffer will be swapped
(Removed) for this.

More number of swaps means more DB hits.

SWAPS in ST02
There are two possible reasons for swapping----
There is no space left in the buffer data area
The buffer is too small. You should increase the buffer size.

There are no directory entries left

Although there is enough space left in the buffer, no further objects can be loaded because
the number of directory entries is limited.
For the Repository buffers (nametab buffers), the number of directory entries is determined
by the number of entry counts, all other buffers have there own parameter for entries.

What is Dispatcher in SAP

What is golden client in SAP
The Development Client is also the Golden Client because it
has all the correct configuration settings which have been
tested and are error free. The Golden Client is taken a
reference while performing some other configuration
settings.You cannot change any settings in the golden client.

How to check transactional RFC(tRFC) related errors?

This article answers the following queries :
How to check transactional RFC (tRFC) related errors?
How to find out status of transactional RFCs(tRFC) in SAP?
What is the transaction used to perform transactional RFC checks?
How to re-process failed or stuck LUW related to transactional RFC?
How to delete a transactional RFC related LUW from sap system?
How to reprocess all the transactional RFCs or LUWs that are stuck in SAP system
at a time?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transactional RFC related checks and maintenance can be done using SM58 transaction
code
Sometimes, in real time scenario you can face following issues :
i) Process chain related performance issues in BIW system due to
transactional RFCs stuck in R3 system.
ii) Idocs flow not happening from R/3 to XI system
In these scenarios, SM58 transaction code will be useful to find out stuck tRFCs and
action them accordingly.
Please login into SAP system and use SM58 as shown below :

Using SM58, we can select TRFCs based on

i) Any 2 dates
ii) User id
iii) Function of TRFC
iv) TRFC Destination
v) TRFC Status
If you would like to list all, then use * as input in these fields

In the following screen, you can see the list of TRFCs that are waiting to be processed
or stuck tRFCs as shown below
We can delete or re-process these LUWs based on the scenario. This can be done by
navigating to Edit menu as shown below

You can reprocess an tRFC LUW, by selecting the same and by navigating
to Edit -> Execute LUW. This can also be done by pressing F6
button.
An LUW can also be debugged by navigating to Edit -> Debug LUW option
In case large number of tRFCs are stuck, all of them can be processed at a
time by selecting
Edit -> Execute LUWs option as shown in the above screen.
You can also directly goto QRFC administration and QOUT scheduler
from SM58 transaction as shown in the below screen.