TESOL Certificate Programs

Lesson Plan Format

NAME: JIAQIAN CHEN

COURSE: GRAMMAR
INSTRUCTOR: JOHN MORAN
DATE: 11/08/2016 QUARTER: Fall 2016

CONTEXT
Subject: Grammar
Student Level: Intermediate and above
Teaching location (country, school): China, a cram school
Class size & age range of students: 15 students Ages:18-30, depending on levels.

OBJECTIVES
1. Students will be able to produce affirmative and negative sentences using the present
perfect to describe actions or states completed at an indefinite (unspecified) time in the
past.
2. Students will be able to choose between present perfect and simple based on context.
3. Students will be able to use the present perfect to describe personal experiences.
4. Practice will continue until almost all the students can complete the tasks with at least
80% accuracy.

SOURCES
1. Kirn, E. & Jack, D.(2002). Interactions 1 Grammar (4th Edition). New York: McGraw-
Hill Contempory. pp.128-129, p.137.
2. Elbaum, S. N.(2010). Grammar in Context 3 (5th edition). Boston: Heinle Cengage
Learning. P.9.

MATERIALS

1. Four Handouts (Patten in context; present perfect chart and the contractions; mechanical
exercises; meaningful and communicative activities)
2. One OHP transparency
TESOL Certificate Programs
Lesson Plan Format

Lesson Plan Phases:

1. Present the Pattern in Context (6 mins.)

T asks, Are you guys familiar with scenic spots in London?

T then puts the transparency of historic and scenic sites in London on the OHP and
briefly introduces them.

T passes out the attached conversation to the class. T reads dialogue out loud to the class
while Ss follow along on the handout.

2. Comprehension Check (2 mins.)

T asks the following questions to ensure that Ss has understood the dialogue.

Where is Asim from?

Have they been to the British Museum?
Whats Shepherds pie?

3. Identify the Pattern (5 mins.)

T puts the transparency of the article on the OHP and asks the Ss what the verbs are in
the sentence Alex and I have just arrived in London. and underlines the verb phrase
have + arrived.

T then instructs Ss to find other verb phrases that look similar and gives Ss 2 minutes.

T calls on Ss for examples and underlines them on the transparency for the class to see.
TESOL Certificate Programs
Lesson Plan Format

4. Formal Explanation (7 mins.)

T puts an example OTB: Alex and I have just arrived in London.

T then asks Ss to change it to negative and writes: Alex and I havent arrived in London.

T asks Ss if they have been to London. Ss might say, No. Then T writes OTB: We
havent been to London.
T asks if they have been to Shanghai. Some Ss might say, Yes. Then T writes OTB: S
has been to Shanghai.

T asks Ss what all of the underlined verb phrases have in common and writes OTB:
have/has + (not) + p.p.

T shows a chart on the transparency. Ss also have this chart on the handouts.

T asks Ss what the name of this tense is and writes OTB: present perfect

T asks, When will we use has? [Ss might say, When the subject is third person
singular.]
T says, To form the affirmative, we use subject + have/has +past participle. If the
subject is third person singular, we will use has. If its a plural noun, we will use have. To
form the negative, we put not between the auxiliary verb (have/has) and the past
participle.

T says, When talking about past participle, we would divide verbs into two categories:
regular verbs and irregular verbs. The past participle form of regular verbs is the same as
the simple past form: base verb + -ed. and gives two examples (travel and live).
T writes OTB: base verd + -ed, e.g.travel-traveled-traveled, live-lived-lived

T distributes the handouts and says, Verbs listed here are some of the irregular verbs.

Ss are divided into student A and student B.

T lets person A first use the crossword puzzle grid to find the past participle of the verbs
listed below and then find a person B to help them solve the other half of the puzzle.
Person B follows the same procedures and he/she needs to find a person A.

Then, T and Ss check the answers together.

T asks Ss to look at the contractions part on the handouts. T reads the examples,
explanation and language note in the chart out loud to the class while Ss follow along on
the handout. T asks if Ss have questions.
TESOL Certificate Programs
Lesson Plan Format

5. Mechanical Exercise (5 mins.)

The T passes out handouts and reads the first two lines.

T then reads the example and asks Ss if they can write have been here.[Ss might answer,
No, because Andy is the third-person singular.]
T says, So, if the subject is third-person singular, we will use has. Otherwise, we will
choose have. Then we write the past participle of the verb.

T lets Ss look at the chart first and finish the rest of the exercise.

T and Ss check the answer together.

6. Functional Explanation (10 mins.)

T elicits affirmative example from Ss.

T picks a S and asks, What did you do lask weekend? Did you travel?
T writes OTB: S (travel) in Los Angeles last weekend. T asks Ss for form.
[Ss might answer, Traveled.]

T asks, Can we write has traveled? Why?[Ss might have no idea.]

T explains, No, we cant. The present perfect often describes actions or states
completed at an indefinite (unspecified) time in the past. The exact time is not
important or is not known. If there are past time expressions such as yesterday and last
weekend, we will use the past tense.

T puts an example OTB S (travel) in Los Angeles. T says, We can use

has traveled here, because theres no such past time expression.

T asks, Have you ever practiced yoga? [Some Ss might answer, Yes.]
Tpicks a S and asks, When did you practice yoga?
T writes OTB: S (practice) yoga this week.
T says, If theres a definite but unfinished time like this week and today, we can use
the present perfect.

T elicits negative example from Ss.

T asks Ss, Have you ever practiced karate? (Related pictures will be shown on the
transparency if Ss dont know this word.) Ss, No. T says, Its a pity that...
T writes OTB: We (practice, not) karate.
TESOL Certificate Programs
Lesson Plan Format

7. Meaningful Exercise (5 mins.)

T reads the first two lines in Exercise 2 on the handout.

T asks why only broke is written in the first blank. [Ss might answer, Because theres a
definite past time expression - last month.]

T lets Ss finish the rest of the exercise.

T and Ss check the answer together.

8. Communicative Exercise (10 mins.)

T distributes the handouts.

T asks Ss to write down three sentences on the paper using the present perfect. For
example, I have met Barack Obama in China. Among the three sentences, one sentence
should be a fake one.

T then puts Ss into several groups (each group has 4-5 Ss) and lets Ss take turns to read
their sentences. Other Ss in the same group can ask the S for more infomation. But they
can only use the right for three times. And the S tries to use the present perfect to
describe. Then, other Ss in the group need to discuss and decide which one is fake.

After that, other Ss in the group take turns to show their statements and repeat the
procedures above.

T then goes through examples with Ss. T says, I have lost my wallet. I have lost my
bycicle. I have been to Singapore. Among these statements, one is fake. You guys need to
discuss and decide which one is fake. If you want more information, you can ask me. But
you can only ask me to explain more information for three times. [Ss might ask, When
did you lose your wallet? Or other variation.]

T says, Yes! OK, start! and monitors.

T gives a time warning when time is almost up. T can call on some Ss to report what they
learned about their partners if time is enough.

 Present Perfect

Affirmative/negative Statements:
SINGULAR I HAVE (NOT) PAST PARTICIPLE COMPLEMENT .

YOU

HE/SHE/IT HAS

PLURAL WE HAVE

YOU

THEY

Contractions:
EXAMPLES EXPLANATION

Ive had a lot of experience. We can make a contraction with subject pronouns and
have/has.
Its been hard to find a job.
I have = Ive

You have = Youve

He/she/it has = Hes/shes/its

We have = Weve

They have = Theyve

My fathers taught me a lot about this. Most singular nouns can contract with has.

My mother hasnt called me. Negative contractions:

They havent told me. have not = havent

has not = hasnt

Language Note: The s in hes, shes, its can mean has or is. The verb form following the contraction will tell you
what the contraction means.

Hes eating = He is eating.

Hes eaten. = He has eaten.

Exercise 1:

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses ( ) to form the
present perfect tense.

Example: Andy has been (be) to supermarket.

1. You (have) a lot of experience.

2. It (be) hard to get As in all classes.

3. They (live) here.

4. He (buy) a CD.

Example: Andy hasnt been (be, not) to Bombay.

5. The students (finish, not) their homework.

6. I (read, not) any books.

7. We (see, not) her any more.

8. She (lose, not) her key.

 Exercise 2:

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses ( ). Use simple
past or present perfect.

Example: I broke my leg last month.

I cant move my leg. I think I have broken (break) it.

1. George Washington ________ (live) in Virginia.

2. I _______ (drink) a cup of coffee to refresh myself yesterday, but I ________

(have) one today.

3. Linda _________ (wash) her clothes at 8:15 this morning. Those dirty clothes
are still soaked in the water.

4. My high temperature ___________ (go down). I still feel uncomfortable and

so hot.

5. They went to the theatre last Saturday, but they _________ (go) to the Chinese
restaurant.

6. The train ______ (leave), and I m afraid you need to change to a later one.

7. - Are they still eating?

- No, they __________ (finish).

Exercise 3:

Write 3 statements using the present perfect to describe your past experiences.
And one of these statements needs to be fake.

1.

2.

3.