Homework#11HistoryofLifeonEarth

Due:11:59pmonMonday,December7,2015
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Chapter24PreTestQuestion7

PartA
Hybridzonesprovideanopportunitytoinvestigate_____.

Hint1.
Azonewheredifferentspeciesarereproducingtogethermayseemlikeaparadoxicalplacetoinvestigate
this.

ANSWER:

polyploidy
allopatricspeciation
punctuatedequilibrium
theevolutionofreproductiveisolation
mutations

Correct
Ahybridzoneallowsresearcherstoseewhathappenswhencloselyrelatedspeciescometogether.
Reproductivebarriersmaybestrengthenedorweakened,dependingonenvironmentalandgeneticfactors.

Chapter24PreTestQuestion8

PartA
Acertainspeciesofsalamanderwassplitintotwopopulationsbyawide,dryvalley,andthepopulationsbeganto
divergefromeachother.Afteraperiodoftime,somemembersofthetwopopulationsbegantointerbreedina
hybridzoneatthesouthernendofthevalley.Onlyweakreproductivebarriersexistedbythistime,sothetwo
populationscouldfreelyinterbreedandreestablishgeneflow.Thisoutcomeinahybridzoneisknownas_____.

Hint1.
Whatarethepossibleoutcomeswhendifferentspeciesorpopulationscometogetherinahybridzone?

ANSWER:
 stability
punctuatedequilibrium
speciation
fusion
reinforcement

Correct
Fusionreferstotheweakeningofreproductivebarriers,allowingthetwopopulationstofuseandremain(or
become)onespecies.

Chapter24Question44

PartA
Malefrogsgivecallsthatattractfemalefrogstoapproachandmate.Researchersexaminedmatingcallsofclosely
relatedtreefrogsinSouthAmerica.Ifreinforcementisoccurring,whatwouldyouexpectifyoucomparethecallsof
thetwospeciesinzonesofsympatryversuszonesofallopatry?

ANSWER:

Callswouldbeaboutthesameinbothareas.
Callswouldbemoredifferentinareasofsympatry.
Callswouldbemoresimilarinareasofsympatry.

Correct

Chapter24Question50

PartA
OtherthanpredationbyintroducedNileperch,themostlikelyexplanationfortherecentdeclineincichlidspecies
diversityinLakeVictoriais_____.
ANSWER:
 polyploidy
fusion
reinforcement
stability

Correct

Chapter24Question53

PartA
Usethefollowingdescriptiontoanswerthequestion(s)below.

OntheBahamianislandofAndros,mosquitofishpopulationsliveinvarious,nowisolated,freshwaterpondsthat
wereonceunited.Currently,somepredatorrichpondshavemosquitofishthatcanswiminshort,fastburstsother
predatorpoorpondshavemosquitofishthatcanswimcontinuouslyforalongtime.Whenplacedtogetherinthe
samebodyofwater,thetwokindsoffemalemosquitofishexhibitexclusivebreedingpreferences.

Whatisthebestwaytopromotefusionbetweentworelatedpopulationsofmosquitofish,oneofwhichlivesina
predatorrichpondandtheotherofwhichlivesinapredatorpoorpond?
ANSWER:

Removepredatorsfromapredatorrichpondandtransferthemtoapredatorpoorpond.
Buildacanallinkingthetwopondsthatpermitsfreemovementofmosquitofish,butnotofpredators.
Transferonlyfemalemosquitofishfromapredatorrichpondtoapredatorpoorpond.
Performareciprocaltransferoffemalesbetweenpredatorrichandpredatorpoorponds.

Correct

Chapter24Question56

PartA
Accordingtotheconceptofpunctuatedequilibrium,the"sudden"appearanceofanewspeciesinthefossilrecord
meansthat_____.

ANSWER:
 speciationoccurredinonegeneration
speciationoccurredrapidlyingeologictime
thespecieswillconsequentlyhavearelativelyshortexistence,comparedwithotherspecies
thespeciesisnowextinct

Correct

Activity:OverviewofMacroevolution

Clickheretocompletethisactivity.

Thenanswerthequestions.

PartA
Featherseitherplayarole,ormayhaveplayedarole,in_____.

ANSWER:

courtship
extendedhops
gliding
flight
allofthese

Correct
Alloftheseare,ormayhavebeen,functionsoffeathers.

PartB
_____israpidspeciationunderconditionsinwhichthereislittlecompetition.
ANSWER:
 Geneticdrift
Geneflow
Paedomorphosis
Adaptiveradiation
Microevolution

Correct
Adaptiveradiationisrapidspeciationunderconditionsinwhichthereislittlecompetition.

PartC
Massextinctionscreateconditionsthatpromote_____.
ANSWER:

paedomorphosis
microevolution
geneflow
geneticdrift
adaptiveradiation

Correct
Massextinctionsreducecompetitionandallowforperiodsofrapidspeciation.

PartD
Theappearanceofanevolutionarynoveltypromotes_____.
ANSWER:

mutation
adaptiveradiation
massextinction
geneflow
paedomorphosis

Correct
Theappearanceofanevolutionarynoveltymayallowfortheexploitationofpreviouslyunexploitedniches.
PartE
ThedifferentfinchspeciesfoundontheGalpagosIslandsprobablyaroseasaresultof_____.
ANSWER:

artificialselection
adaptiveradiation
paedomorphosis
massextinction
geneflow

Correct
ThefinchesthatinitiallyimmigratedtotheGalpagosIslandsexperiencedlittlecompetition,theresultofwhich
wasthepromotionofspeciation.

Activity:AScrollingGeologicRecord

Clickheretocompletethisactivity.

Thenanswerthequestions.

PartA
Reptilesfirstappearedduringthe_____era.

ANSWER:

Paleozoic
Triassic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Jurassic
 Correct
ReptilesaroseduringthePaleozoic.

PartB
Wearelivingduringthe_____era.
ANSWER:

Neogene
Cenozoic
Paleozoic
Paleogene
Mesozoic

Correct
ThecurrenteraistheCenozoic.

PartC
Dinosaurswentextinctduringthe_____.
ANSWER:

Devonian
Precambrian
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Carboniferous

Correct
DinosaurswentextinctduringtheMesozoic.

PartD
_____werethedominantvertebratelifeformduringthePaleozoicera.

ANSWER:
 Amphibians
Reptiles
Sponges
Dinosaurs
Mammals

Correct
AmphibianswerethedominantvertebratesofthePaleozoic.

PartE
Lifearoseduringthe_____.
ANSWER:

Precambrian
Cenozoic
Triassic
Paleozoic
Mesozoic

Correct
LifearoseduringthePrecambrian.

PartF
Floweringplantsfirstappearedduringthe_____.
ANSWER:

Devonian
Precambrian
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Carboniferous

Correct
AngiospermsfirstappearedduringtheMesozoic.
PartG
TheMesozoicerabeganapproximately_____millionyearsago.

ANSWER:

4,600
570
251
65
25

Correct
TheMesozoicbeganapproximately251millionyearsago.

PartH
ThePrecambriantimebeganatleast_____millionyearsago.

ANSWER:

4,600
570
245
65
25

Correct
ThePrecambriantimebeganatleast4,600millionyearsago.

PartI
Seedplantsfirstappearedduringthe_____.

ANSWER:

Paleozoic
Triassic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Jurassic
 Correct
Thisistheeraduringwhichseedplantsfirstappeared.

PartJ
Thefirstprokaryoticcellsappearedduringthe_____.
ANSWER:

Jurassic
Cretaceous
Paleozoic
Triassic
Precambrian

Correct
ProkaryoticcellsfirstappearedduringthePrecambrian.

PartK
Animalsfirstappearedduringthe_____.
ANSWER:

Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Precambrian
Silurian
Cenozoic

Correct
AnimalsfirstappearedduringthePrecambrian.

PartL
TheCenozoicerabeganapproximately_____millionyearsago.

ANSWER:
 4,600
570
245
65
25

Correct
Correct.

PartM
_____werethedominantvertebratelifeformduringtheMesozoicera.
ANSWER:

Dinosaurs
Mammals
Fish
Birds
Amphibians

Correct
DinosaurswerethedominantvertebratesthroughoutmuchoftheMesozoic.

PartN
Mostmodernanimalphylaevolvedduringthe_____era.
ANSWER:

Paleozoic
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Precambrian

Correct
MostmodernanimalphylafirstappearedduringthePaleozoic.

PartO
 Bonyfishfirstevolvedduringthe_____.

ANSWER:

Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Cenozoic
Precambrian
Cretaceous

Correct
BonyfishfirstappearedduringthePaleozoic.

Chapter25PreTestQuestion7

PartA
TheatmosphereofearlyEarthprobablycontainednoO2untiltheemergenceoforganismsthat_____.

Hint1.
Considerthenameoftheprocessthatreleasesoxygenintotheatmosphere.

ANSWER:

wereoxygenrespiring
hadchloroplasts
werechemoautotrophic
usedhydrogensulfideasanenergysource
usedwaterasanelectronsourceforphotosynthesis

Correct
Oxygenbegantoaccumulateintheatmosphereduetotheactionofphotosyntheticcyanobacteria.

Chapter25Question17

PartA
Whatisthoughttobethecorrectsequenceoftheseevents,fromearliesttomostrecent,intheevolutionoflifeon
 Earth?
1.originofmitochondria
2.originofmulticellulareukaryotes
3.originofchloroplasts
4.originofcyanobacteria
5.originoffungalplantsymbioses
ANSWER:

4,1,2,3,5
4,3,1,5,2
4,1,3,2,5
4,3,2,1,5

Correct

Activity:AdaptiveRadiation

Clickheretoviewthisanimation.

Thenanswerthequestions.

PartA
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutadaptiveradiationiscorrect?

Hint1.
Whatconditionsfavoradaptiveradiation?

ANSWER:
 Adaptiveradiationoccursveryslowlyovertime.
Adaptiveradiationoccursinthepresenceofcompetitors.
Adaptiveradiationoccursinspeciesthatliveinonehabitat.
Adaptiveradiationoccurswithinasinglelineage.

Correct
Adaptiveradiationoccurswhenasinglelineageproducesmanydescendantspecies.

PartB
Whichorganismsarenotexamplesofanadaptiveradiation?

Hint1.
Whichorganismsarenotdescendedfromasinglelineage?

ANSWER:

Horsesanddeerinthepostdinosaurage
HoneycreepersongbirdsoftheHawaiianislands
Mammalsandreptilesinthepostdinosaurage
AnolislizardsoftheCaribbean

Correct
Mammalsandreptilesarenotdescendedfromasinglelineage.

PartC
Trueorfalse?Convergentevolutionissaidtohaveoccurredifthemousespeciesontwoislandswithsimilar
habitatsarefoundtohavesimilarcharacteristicseventhoughtheyoriginatedfromdifferentspeciesthatdidnot
havethesecharacteristics.

Hint1.
Whatisconvergentevolution?

ANSWER:

True
False
 Correct
Convergentevolutionoccurswhenselectivepressuresproducedbysimilarconditions(suchashabitat)favor
theevolutionofsimilarsolutions.

PartD
WhichAnolislizardecomorphhaslonglegs?

Hint1.
Considerthehabitatthatfavorslizardswithlonglegs.

ANSWER:

Trunk/ground
Twig
Trunk/crown
Crown

Correct
Theseecomorphsneedlonglegstojumpfromonebroadperchtoanother.

PartE
WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheevolutionofAnolislizardsintheCaribbeanislandsistrue?

Hint1.
Thinkabouthowadaptiveradiationoccursandcanbestudied.

ANSWER:

Acrownecomorphlivingononeislandisalwaysthesamespeciesasacrownecomorphlivingona
neighboringisland.
Twigecomorphscanjumpverywell.
Thephylogenyofecomorphsonagivenislandrevealsthatadaptiveradiationhastakenplace.
ThegeneticrelatednessofecomorphswasdeterminedbycomparingtheirnuclearDNAsequences.
 Correct
Thisstatementistruethehistoricalevidenceofadaptiveradiationonanislandisrecordedintheevolutionary
historyoftheecomorphscurrentlylivingontheisland.

PartF
WhatwasthemainselectivepressurebehindtheevolutionofdifferentAnolislizardspeciesintheCaribbean?

Hint1.
ThesameecomorphsappearedonallCaribbeanislandswithsimilarhabitattypes.

ANSWER:

Competitors
Conspecifics
Specificecologicalniches
Phylogeny

Correct
Differentspeciesevolvedinresponsetotheselectivepressurescreatedbyspecificecologicalnichesonthe
islands.

PartG
Trueorfalse?TheevolutionofdifferentecomorphsontheCaribbeanislandsisanexampleofstabilizingselection.

Hint1.
Thecharacteristicsofeachnewecomorphpreventedthemfromlivinginallhabitatsontheisland.

ANSWER:

True
False

Correct
Theevolutionofdifferentecomorphsisanexampleofdisruptiveselection.Eachnewecomorphhad
characteristicsthatwereidealforaparticularhabitat,butasthesecharacteristicsdeveloped,thelizardslostthe
abilitytosurviveeffectivelyintheotherhabitatsontheisland.
 Chapter25Question29

PartA
WhichfactormostlikelycausedanimalsandplantsinIndiatodiffergreatlyfromspeciesinnearbysoutheastAsia?
ANSWER:

IndiaisintheprocessofseparatingfromtherestofAsia.
Indiawasaseparatecontinentuntilfortyfivemillionyearsago.
Theclimatesofthetworegionsaresimilar.
LifeinIndiawaswipedoutbyancientvolcaniceruptions.

Correct

Chapter25Question35

PartA
ThePermianperiodendedandthenrapidspeciationoccurredasnewanimalandplantformsevolved.Themost
likelyexplanationforthisis_____.
I)adaptiveradiation
II)ecologicalopportunity
III)lackofcompetition
IV)morphologicalinnovation
ANSWER:

justoneoftheabove
twooftheabove
threeoftheabove
alloftheabove

Correct

HHMIVideo:TheDaytheMesozoicDied

Watchthisvideoandthenanswerthequestions.
PartA
SelectthestatementsabouttheKTboundarythataretrue.
Selectallthatapply.

ANSWER:

TheKTboundarydatesto65millionyearsago(whenthedinosaursdisappeared).
TheKTboundaryinZumaia,Spainissharprepresentinganabruptchangeinthemarineecosystem.
TheKTboundaryseparatesrocklayersoftheCretaceousperiodfromthoseoftheTertiaryperiod.
TheKTboundaryisathinlayerofclayfoundonlyinGubbio,Italy.

Correct
TheKTboundaryisalayerofdebrisrangingfromlargechunksoffracturedrocktothinclaydepositsanditis
foundinmanydifferentpartsoftheworld.ItseparatesrocklayersfromtheendoftheCretaceousperiodfrom
thosebeginningoftheTertiaryperiod.Itcoincideswithanabruptlossofbiodiversity.

PartB
HowdoforaminiferafoundinrocklayersabovetheKTboundarycomparetothoseinrocklayersbelow?
ANSWER:

Foraminiferaabovetheboundaryarelargerandmorediversethanthosebelow.
Foraminiferaabovetheboundaryarelargerandlessdiversethanthosebelow.
Foraminiferaabovetheboundaryaresmallerandmorediversethanthosebelow.
Foraminiferaabovetheboundaryaresmallerandlessdiversethanthosebelow.
 Correct
Thegeologiclayersabove(laterthan)theKTboundaryshowasharp,dramaticreductionindiversityandsize
acluethatsomethingcatastrophichappened.

PartC
Iridiumisacomponentofcosmicdustthatrainsdownupontheearthataconstantrate.WhydidLuisAlvarez
suggestmeasuringiridiumlevelsintheKTboundary?
ANSWER:

Hehypothesizedthatthelayerwascausedbyasupernovaexplosion.
Hehypothesizedthatthelayerwascausedbyanasteroidimpact.
Hewaslookingforawaytodeterminehowquicklythelayerhadbeendeposited.

Correct
Alvarezthoughtthatifthelayerformedoverthousandsofyears,hemightbeabletodetectiridium.Instead,
iridiumlevelswere30timesgreaterthanthesurroundingrock,promptingresearcherstoinvestigatealternate
iridiumsources.

PartD
Thescientificcommunitywasslowtoaccepttheasteroidimpacthypothesis.Why?
ANSWER:

Dinosaurfossilevidencecontradictedthehypothesis.
Mostglobalextinctionswerethoughttooccurasaresultofsupernovas.
ForaminiferaappearonbothsidesoftheKTboundary.
Atthetime,mostgeologiststhoughtthattheEarthchangedslowlyandgradually,andnotbymajor
catastrophes.

Correct
TheasteroidhypothesiswasnotimmediatelyacceptedbecauseitdidntfitpreconceptionsabouthowtheEarth
evolved.Paleontologistswerealsoslowtoacceptahypothesisadvancedbyaphysicist,usingevidencefrom
outsidetheirdiscipline.

PartE
Whichevidenceisconsistentwiththeasteroidimpacthypothesis?
Selectallthatapply.
ANSWER:
 iridium
plutonium244
spherules,glasslikebeadsintheKTboundarylayer
tektites,atypeofmeltedrock
shockedquartzintheKTboundarylayer

Correct
Theenergyfromaniridiumrichasteroidimpactmeltedandtransformedrockandejectedthematerialat
varyingdistancesfromtheimpactsite.Alteredrockformslikeshockedquartz,spherulesandtektiteswere
importantcluesinthesearchfortheimpactcrater.

PartF
WhatwasthecriticalpieceofevidencethatsupportedthehypothesisthatanasteroidstruckEarth65millionyears
ago?
ANSWER:

tsunamidepositsintheBrazosRiverBasininTexas
gravitationalanomaliesontheYucatanpeninsula,fromsurveysdoneforoilexploration
spherulesandshockedquartzinHaiti
theChicxulubcraterinMexico

Correct
Thistiedtogetheralltheotherevidence,showingthatresearchershadfoundacrateroftherightsizeandage.

PartG
Howcouldanasteroidimpactkilloffsuchalargenumberofdifferentspeciesallovertheplanet?
Selectallthatapply.
ANSWER:

Theimpactwassoextremethatlifeatgroundzerowasvaporized.
Tsunamis,landslides,earthquakes,andheatcausedbytheimpactkilledorganismsnearthesiteof
impact.
DebrisfromtheimpactorbitingaroundtheEarthshieldedsunlight,haltingphotosynthesis.

Correct
Allofthesecouldhavecontributedtothecatastrophiceffectsofanasteroidimpact.
PartH
WhichcharacteristicwasNOTadvantageousfororganismsinthemillionyearsafterthecatastrophicasteroid
impact?

ANSWER:

largebodysize
swamporriverdwelling
selfcontainedspores
undergrounddwelling

Correct
Largebodysizewasinitiallyadisadvantage.Largeanimalsrequireabundantfoodandtendtoreproduce
slowly.Eventually,aftermillionsofyears,largermammalsdominatedtheland,justasdinosaurshaddone
before.

InterprettheData:MassExtinctionandtheDiversityofLife

Thefivegenerallyrecognizedmassextinctionevents,indicatedbyredarrowsalongthexaxis,representpeaksinthe
extinctionrateofmarineanimalfamilies(redlineandleftverticalaxis).Thesemassextinctionsinterruptedtheoverall
increaseinthenumberofmarineanimalfamiliesovertime(bluelineandrightverticalaxis).

PartA
96%ofmarineanimalspeciesbecameextinctinthePermianmassextinctionattheendofthePaleozoic,251
millionyearsago.
Whydoesthebluecurveshowonlya50%dropatthattime?

ANSWER:

Familiestypicallycontainmanyspecies,sothepercentageoffamiliesthatbecameextinctislowerthan
thepercentageofspeciesthatbecameextinct.
Although96%ofmarineanimalspeciesbecameextinct,theextinctionratewasfarlowerforterrestrial
species.
Althoughtheextinctionrateof96%washigh,thenumberofspeciesinexistencewasalsoveryhigh,so
thatevenafterthemassextinction,manyspeciesremained.
Thespeciesthatsurvivedthemassextinctiondiversifiedveryquicklysothatthenumberoffamiliesin
existencefirstplummetedbutthenrapidlyincreasedto50%ofthenumberbeforethemassextinction.

Correct
Thebluecurveisformarineanimalfamilies.Familiestypicallycontainmanyspecies,andafamilyonlygoes
extinctifeveryspeciesinthefamilygoesextinct.So,eventhough96%ofmarineanimalspecieswentextinct,
thisresultedinthecompleteextinctionofonlyabout50%ofmarineanimalfamilies.

ScientificSkillsExercise:EstimatingQuantitativeDatafromaGraphand
DevelopingHypotheses
Doecologicalfactorsaffectevolutionaryrates?
Researchersinvestigatedwhetherdifferingmodesofdispersalcouldexplaindifferencesinthelongevityoffossilspecies
inonetaxonofmarinesnails,thefamilyVolutidae.Somevolutesnailshadplanktoniclarvaethatcoulddisperseover
greatdistancesonoceancurrents.Othervolutesnailshadnonplanktoniclarvae,whichdevelopeddirectlyintoadults
withoutaswimmingstage.Thedispersalofsnailswithnonplanktoniclarvaewaslimitedbythedistancetheycancrawl
asadults.

TheresearchersstudiedthedistributionofvolutesnailfossilsinoutcropsofsedimentaryrocksalongNorthAmericas
GulfCoast.TherocksformedduringtheearlyPaleogeneperiod,between65and37millionyearsago,andcontain
manywellpreservedsnailfossils.Basedonfeaturesofthesnailsshell,theresearchersclassifiedeachfossilspeciesas
havingplanktonicornonplanktoniclarvae.Eachbarinthefigureshowshowlongasnailspeciespersistedinthefossil
record.

PartAReadingthegraph
Estimatethemeanlongevityofspecieswithnonplanktoniclarvae.
ANSWER:

1millionyears
2.2millionyears
5millionyears
28millionyears

Correct

PartB
Estimatethemeanlongevityofspecieswithplanktoniclarvae.
ANSWER:

2.2millionyears
4.4millionyears
9millionyears
15millionyears

Correct

PartC
Howmanynewspeciesofsnailswithnonplanktoniclarvaearosebetween50and35millionyearsago?

ANSWER:
 5species
8species
21species
26species

Correct

PartD
Howmanynewspeciesofsnailswithplanktoniclarvaearosebetween50and35millionyearsago?
ANSWER:

5species
7species
8species
13species

Correct

PartEEvaluatinghypotheses
Selectaplausiblehypothesistoexplainthedifferenceinmeanlongevityofsnailspecieswithplanktonic
andnonplanktoniclarvae.
ANSWER:

Snailswithnonplanktoniclarvaehavemorelimiteddistributionsthansnailswithplanktoniclarvae.
Snailswithnonplanktoniclarvaeproducefeweroffspringthansnailswithplanktoniclarvae.
Snailswithnonplanktoniclarvaehavehighersurvivalratesoflarvaeandyoungadultsthansnailswith
planktoniclarvae.

Correct
Becauseoftheirlimiteddistributions,snailspecieswithnonplanktoniclarvaearelikelytobeisolatedbylocal
barriersandmaybevulnerabletochangesinlocalconditions.Iflocalconditionschangeinwaysthatare
unsuitableforthesnails,specieswithnonplanktoniclarvaemaybecomeextinct.

CurrentEvents:LifeintheSeaFoundItsFateinaParoxysmofExtinction(New
YorkTimes,4/30/2012)

ReadthisNewYorkTimesarticleandthenanswerthequestions.
LifeintheSeaFoundItsFateinaParoxysmofExtinction(NewYorkTimes,4/30/2012)

RegistrationwithTheNewYorkTimesprovidesinstantaccesstobreakingnewswithNYTimes.com.Toregister,goto
http://www.nytimes.com/register.Visithttp://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/terms/termsofservice.htmltoreview
thecurrentNYTTermsofService.

PartA
Theplanetiscurrentlyfacingits_____massextinctionevent.

ANSWER:

fifth
seventh
sixth
fourth

Correct

PartB
Whydidn'tthedinosaursgoextinctduringthePermianextinction?

ANSWER:

Theirfoodsourcewasn'taffected.
Theirlargesizeprotectedthem.
TheareaofPangaeaonwhichtheylivedwasn'timpacted.
Theyweren'taliveatthattime.

Correct

PartC
YouarearesearcherstudyingagroupoforganismsthatalldisappearedduringthePermianextinction.Whatdo
youstudy?
ANSWER:

bivalves
corals
gastropods
trilobites
 Correct

PartD
Asmorecarbondioxideisaddedtotheatmosphere,whichofthefollowingismostlikelytohappen?
ANSWER:

Increasingoceanacidificationanddecreasingconcentrationofoxygenintheoceans.
Increasingoceanacidificationandincreasingconcentrationofoxygenintheoceans.
Decreasingoceanacidificationandincreasingconcentrationofoxygenintheoceans.
Decreasingoceanacidificationanddecreasingconcentrationofoxygenintheoceans.

Correct

PartE
Whichgroupofanimalsiscurrentlyfacingthegreatestthreatfromclimatechange?
ANSWER:

gastropods
bivalves
corals
trilobites

Correct

CurrentEvents:SeekingaBreakina252MillionYearOldMassKilling(NewYork
Times,2/20/2014)

ReadthisNewYorkTimesarticleandthenanswerthequestions.

SeekingaBreakina252MillionYearOldMassKilling(NewYorkTimes,2/20/2014)

RegistrationwithTheNewYorkTimesprovidesinstantaccesstobreakingnewswithNYTimes.com.Toregister,goto
http://www.nytimes.com/register.Visithttp://www.nytimes.com/content/help/rights/terms/termsofservice.htmltoreview
thecurrentNYTTermsofService.

PartA
YouareapaleontologistandfindalargeamountofplantfossilsfromthePermianPeriod.Whichofthefollowingare
thesefossilsmostlikelytobe?
 ANSWER:

conifers
monocotgrasses
floweringplants
cycads

Correct

PartB
WhichofthefollowingistrueregardingthePermianextinction?
ANSWER:

Speciesimpactedlivedonlyonland.
Speciesimpactedlivedonthelandandintheoceans.
Speciesimpactedlivedonlyintheoceans.
Speciesimpactedlivedneitheronlandnorintheoceans.

Correct

PartC
WhichofthefollowingisleastlikelytobefromthetimeofthePermianextinction?
ANSWER:

Arockwithalowratiooflighttoheavycarbon.
Arockconsistingofalllightcarbon.
Arockwithahighratiooflighttoheavycarbon.
Arockwithanequalratiooflighttoheavycarbon.

Correct

PartD
WhichofthefollowingappearstohaveplayedamajorroleinthePermianextinction?
ANSWER:
 cyclones
tornadoes
volcaniceruptions
tsunamis

Correct

PartE
Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytohappenastheamountofhumangeneratedgreenhousegasemissions
increases?
ANSWER:

Theoceanswillbecomelessacidic.
Scientistsaren'tsurewhatwillhappentotheacidityoftheoceans.
Therewillbenomeasureablechangeinoceanacidity.
Theoceanswillbecomemoreacidic.

Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis93.8%.
Youreceived16.88outofapossibletotalof18points.