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Figure 1 Positive and negative electric charges are sources of an electric field
the magnetic flux density B with the unit T (Tesla or volt-second per
square meter)
the magnetic field intensity H with the unit A/m (Ampere per meter)
the electric field intensity E with the unit V/m (Volt per meter)
the electric flux density D with the unit C/m2 (Coulomb per square
meter)
A time-varying E and D will give rise to B and H, and vice versa where the
relation depends on the properties of the medium. Far enough from the
source the magnetic field, H, will be perpendicular to the electric field, E, and
both are normal to the direction of propagation, as shown in the following
figure:
Figure 2 A time-varying electric field, E, will give rise to a perpendicular magnetic field, H, and vice versa.
Far enough from the source it will become a uniform plane wave and the ratio between E and H will be the
intrinsic impedance of the medium.
Far enough from the source, the wave-front, which will become almost
spherical, can be seen as an almost plane front if the sphere is large enough.
Then we have a uniform plane wave where the ratio between the electric
field and the magnetic field, called the wave impedance:
Equation 1
Equation 2
The permittivity is a proportionality constant between the electric flux
density D and the electric field intensity E, in free space as:
Equation 3
Equation 4
[ ]
1 Introduction to Electromagnetics
the magnetic flux density B with the unit T (Tesla or volt-second per
square meter)
the magnetic field intensity H with the unit A/m (Ampere per meter)
the electric field intensity E with the unit V/m (Volt per meter)
the electric flux density D with the unit C/m2 (Coulomb per square
meter)
A time-varying E and D will give rise to B and H, and vice versa where the
relation depends on the properties of the medium. Far enough from the
source the magnetic field, H, will be perpendicular to the electric field, E, and
both are normal to the direction of propagation, as shown in the following
figure:
Figure 2 A time-varying electric field, E, will give rise to a perpendicular magnetic field, H, and vice versa.
Far enough from the source it will become a uniform plane wave and the ratio between E and H will be the
intrinsic impedance of the medium.
Far enough from the source, the wave-front, which will become almost
spherical, can be seen as an almost plane front if the sphere is large enough.
Then we have a uniform plane wave where the ratio between the electric
field and the magnetic field, called the wave impedance:
Equation 1
Equation 2
The permittivity is a proportionality constant between the electric flux
density D and the electric field intensity E, in free space as:
Equation 3
Equation 4
[ ]