session Illusion that expression is communicated. Failure to recognize that communicative process goes both ways and receiving is as important as sending. Failure to recognize that messages which support the status quo are more easily received than those relating to change. Persistent quest for rigidly defined communication and communication structure. Managerial tendency to over communicate orders and to discourage upward communication. Closing the downward channels of information, which forces decisions to be made on the basis of limited information. Tendency to filter out ideas which are disquieting and threatening. Failure to recognize that communications can be altered by the individual perceptions. Tendency to look for formulas and gimmicks rather than to come to grips with the fundamental problem. Failure to recognize that creating the right atmosphere for communication is long, slow process. Illusion that authority and status and capacity for adverse action are enough for communication. E-Training session