* hing Vole '
sex formant fsuaney than she coneaponding Amro vowel alt
Eithrg of the cr on the and sue Th apy fee he
sh Enlak vowel sme pounding
aint Anan Enh ht ae may ats fetish Engh. om
don Cskney Engl er rom BBC Eng having are png
such ya mi, wich sound sopra ie Ths apo
nig Tey at acl somewhat trent an Ceeaey ecko foo
‘one thse words ay hae changed oat gs wis Yoel ne
ht BC Engh dt by al lee en BBC rsh at
ezine th a ew more sot nn ae
53. Formant Three
Format chat such sta we fave ban dcug do et ae the fe
{Bie oth thd ernst nt coun Ts fore as ey i ane
[Ringing he vonel show, Foal Elen womes wane eee
spit pn be pry een
kes Arian Elon As ith mayo nds raced
‘wd eles no io cha tt shows nye Bal send
[ant eau
exam fn hr rma ey ch alee ye tn
‘ster Ge Amer gh er BC Egle hve ve whe see
tingue postion at Steet ip poston Ty Emeck weg te Regea
akin i fort athe moh fr win et yop
lone the fegen of he a orn ke feeble We ne
‘Sse tas langage a cape
54 Summary
Vamsi nays be ase desc in tems af the uc of he
fois mint tin scent plate nr ee
transom formance ier rope Sa a ie a he in,
sce beeen tomes sre pacaed we tne ed Seer aay
‘tes of Egat Thon Eg vowel mich te thea Sena ph
‘pnb eh voli a psn nGaeal ns
ule 4
6
The Sounds of Consonants
61 Consonant Contrast
{Egon soe nnd no nc ih and Aeron Bagh pare
{fsb shows a the oon ttre eat ine ana in tu Rear
inet shares ty pancaon of tee words. The St cola he
ithe lhe sppepeae syt ofthe Loatonl Phonetic sper
‘onal ot tet fom ees ep We wl ate be spec
62. Stop Consonants
Many sons ar ist way Reining ening vowels. Tr parc
Steno g hhh ys pe ene
“hl top coarse th she oral act ncomplee sepped
‘Se nto ong 2 ins er sch a he ps te Remy
Scimitar
[Fe uper at eth For ga the kof ong as abe
2Sonte ata he ot he oth E
Lelifigen cee« re ode of Comets Ta Sn of Comte
ety yom
oo ee eee ee
or oy oe sc sri etn fe
; = Pepethentrtny igre meetentere prendre
4 bt fe ‘the weth, makes 3 vocal tact shape that as resenances ae shown by the
'
‘
‘
litt of thw op consonants farts + qk changing sound. The
‘cero el he man ee a esp
Sater pei Tsp at ea ta sea
SLs mel Gomi ens a moving ga ee
{he rors The etn of ch ote th aa
AX the beginning ofthe fs word, Pall tree
‘pant The oni te parent coed
jvc tt when the ip aa ee
‘Genii in rene, the the
‘Seok tthe nga he conte he a the mouths a
dre the reverse of those the beginning The fst ornare moves down the”. The Sond of Commas
‘every litle move he formant ate ne es oho ae
‘miror image of the way they fe teng afte Sa
Reco aes
sien sateen
ogiege do tec aaneeegea
yi rane open
009
PP ar Tack
gre 53 Spur fs so np th
‘ios cl asp se ny os
SESSEG Ta Tex cna teen ey fe
ovate toganing went chet were pay
Sep tttamse hens etanercept
Sign ch anole wane brs ent fetta sso oe
chor the k oe nk a
Shen sop ha 8 a
me entegeng any
Seth es eben cm
Stoo ue csc ee enor
‘Raheem Lp fap
ethene eens pet
gustaecnctaing nee Nn ore
Sdn bed nt ane apd
{eendolgy he movemen el ema est cera ns2 Te Sound of Cosmet
of tk tc in my spc ofr many sels Sth BBC
Bie isa tnnans metre koe neta oe
Se lt to pte: Thaw athe moon vey tee
1 end tae words when thy we ands heal
63. Approximants
{oe any exw a ound we weld we win'y Te sean
In th te door ines het Gone eocl ae hace
SPT moving sie iPr we pa ero
Sack oe gar bt al fo toto Ema or
uw The sound Ts pcr ha ne pe te oe a
teh upto mam at ier dad ae
cat ot nest he tanga: The snd ees
‘ogte po Selon peeve date ntl
‘uth wel behind he sper et en PEER oc
‘sing snd forma. The ts formant ao gous ut Wee aia
{ei te ey ts alte he a
insti aig and rt sae eae wt ae oh
Grp eet one ws
‘The ni fers tom he ft unde rm thei tt hese
Sees etn sry ase tir
‘ger its he base dates ave n= deny ace ne
gen The se indo Gunge inte pata abo sey hs
sue ore 40 He. Th ane ar nese a
Senge nth aeabton = hepa te tongw sn comm te so
‘Gembuth othe Land then ts nay en ee oe
000
4009
da
™ rret(ch)
yet Tet
pee 64 Seetogams pyro Te aoe oe he
‘Siigtonam rect gr ao
‘Stace fognag te ae
wet
Te at the bepinng frecuentes
ged rman Alkmaar th word ba
th meen hi emt mo gd Marne ee
itt ano athe ample aling sew a 1500 He
64 Ness
The nowt seof sounded nab ae ilo aa rae thyivae
‘tnd ried wheres ont ough tite. The mac wounde mn
ae ed apprise cn ar
ge i eo ttt ty i
Shoo md ieee spe thes a
ream tang te hy a he a
sen igure 03 nce spectrogram a poise ter Mastatns
SIT eats tow turd ean ste bopning a ech of Bese wos)
otelre the ual tthe si ah the weds nate 3 the sa
harp sont ake by aro whe hep ome oper othe
‘ence crnsup conta te wo fhm Aer es post ahsa Te Sumi f Cost
Fy
‘he Sune Comat
‘AMES Spectrogram of sls at heeds of he words rm o
Sn) ete enon normaly cap ye es Sa
‘Tenderness tet tn ew
rte inde eso hoe pres he wp nan on
The 9 ga th enc of mi fr eda ee ee
fet oe pets at bey Gd a "
‘exh ts nh sca ee eee a
s0 tthe dona bate Inthe conan the ae ote Geen ae
|
fie ‘thigh sigh shy
‘gee 6h. Spay won nf ih ih hy Ne a be
‘Spy le a iris Spe es hu
‘es though ow
igre shows a spectra of he our aes ies tesa in
English The ptr te mone at xe o he ening ech the
word fi high sgh ly sia oh bur ate wt te gig
{Sebo th words pat i fig 3 al os oer sane ee
Sem pas pun te wl Mee i ool ae
seth sttn pops a ate Res?
‘Me about pues in 10 mlisconds ilo one plo st nears
ts cond sD mT ano sch replr pales nthe aire porn
‘sete me he wayne eh ge He
“The spc fn onthe tf gr 6 as ie spend ove
Spent inst Beween S00 ad 400 He. THE spectrogram 8 he
fea th acevo The rh ema below (O00 Hn
‘nd ave in high The secon formant in at igh ne% The Sond of Consonants
we A patra tpt he wd et net
Sg Remon esd wa ore we tnd ie
Shah con oa ity a0 ema ccum
shore orn aroem ll of pope te ences
Senin oe
Ecsta ih af ny ane
etn nd yo tis ae
tie onl 8 fot ol eae es
FOE at he eer yu matches PPT
"to incase fis a ane 78 Ha
000
oo
igh ‘behind
gwc6 Specrgame ohn hand in
‘rs of oot eng rd rth a nro gi ata he
‘a by th movement ofthe arn th peo th pe ns
hd te sue of te vor ected oo he ound
iP ascp win he orl ae te an ere ps oe fo othe
owt te raonnes the we er at wl ore power an
ie es pcg Ht nd id nh ee
Siac pr wou cmp omen he vr tine
"“catltbelocr tes Mets o¢ aye) CN) bars valet
‘Sn ott rst gh and ty. ate Engl sping dest
{Eee te to ome of Arte Bae son te hance yb or
‘asin o8 The op rt eyes male verano the
(St Angina oer the sound. The welts Gave hood
Sst Te rad win he et wi ha A
nt The cuntrpr fein ty cos nly ew mod, ely
‘wer voc lef our. Ths ond fr whch he pow
fe pmol sy cannot ape athe Being of 4 woe eer an in 2
Torge mame sch ara Seay Tne doo tween J and 3Ba - oy
“ ay Zon | "EEE
Pw 69 Sertoli eats in ty, Zw
SSNS wort emis, wh af vs in whch as
{Yd atin hae formants prod by pues rome vc ods at
pills jenn cay prac ty tng sir cage 9 nen
sve The caves a inthe mild of wach werd eee
Biceent ofthe phos nba Unde thn en a ae
Semele a a Tas dear 2c te
silt, Ihave Addl athe lhe peg he ee
‘ile cate Under tee oly the ns dato eee ate
Th nt sounds be ese ints chapter th ina ee
nd hi comin tino, od oy fo ae
seth i you compare pros sack py cp and oer ap Ta ena
ie past theo irate tthe bapning ace ee
oc, Serpe hv can ney i ie
chime — jive
Si id hee ee ae
toma tpin wh The ene can gt showing ti comntion he
fait pres hae 2/2) a i Te comtanton os alowed
Ine in fad call aati
igre semen te sound Tee of ue oe fo
tne tat nse scope ote sap oping othe ling The
‘ren raters deo an the ia ls at eben on
‘ie Bth he voxels far te vie areca shor thn ben« The Sond of Conn
66 Semmary
se ate
tloraat romances Theat fovand ele insessee,
ES) ante y The concran Hh ay om cote eae
Scot nme ” a
7
Acoustic Components of Speech
7A. The Principal Acoustic Components
hen wa rade stan in he iy 1950 Tad he got foun 6
ara it bene of th ft prope ale fiw comets speek
"mel Water Lawrence, eh bok echo part hat Se coud
‘epee ine pine om pln he Ech ne repeat! On of he
‘Rgds ~ prs he a fen of soning spent ed
Sapo etn th ue tn
[thn spectke sounds Lawrences get ight an hat ww
[eo beak sph inom Set of componer. Wer wil flow (nd phy
erga ral at a we a una theasti carte
[Eso ape tht we cece shape
Lacon it vowels Tey ct edged y the quis th
‘sete omants On spc you hse Nhe oa hey
{Si rotvary much mane ove athe Tey ser om po pe
Son and make pape sound sige Pom one aoe Pa ney ave
Ite gus atom They anguish pple rt wor
abel the sof it smaring th cote charters of
spent showing the hg ne oo ok ter han han ued fo